VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES July 26, 1996 Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES Situation and Outlook is published twice a year by the Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20005-4788. VGS-269. Please note that this release contains only the text of VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES--tables and graphics are not included. Subscriptions to the printed version of this report are available from the ERS-NASS order desk. Call, toll-free, 1-800-999-6779 and ask for stock #VGS, $17/year. ERS-NASS accepts MasterCard and Visa. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook. Commercial Agriculture Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, July 1996, VGS-269. Contents Summary Glossary of Specialized Terms List of Tables Situation Coordinator Gary Lucier Voice (202) 219-0117 FAX: (202) 501-6782 E-mail: GLucier@econ.ag.gov Principal Contributors Gary Lucier (202) 219-0117 John Love (202) 219-1268 Charles S. Plummer (202) 219-0717 Statistical Assistant Brenda Toland ADP Support Patricia Bailey and Stacy Jones Editor Diane Decker Graphics, Table Design, and Layout Wynnice Pointer-Napper Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board. Summary released July 25, 1996. The summary of the next Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is scheduled for release on November 14, 1996. Summaries and text of Situation and Outlook reports may be accessed electronically; for details, call (202) 219-0515. The Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is published semi-annually (April and November), and sup-plemented by a yearbook (July). See back cover for subscription information. Summary In 1995, U.S. vegetable production (including potatoes, sweet potatoes, and dry beans) declined 4 percent from the previous year. Excessive spring rains in California, a late freeze in the Pacific Northwest, and hot dry conditions in other parts of the country were influential in reducing output for every major category except pulses (dry bean production rose 7 percent). Production was lower for fresh-market vegetables and melons (down 2 percent), vegetables for processing (4 percent), potatoes (5 percent), and sweet potatoes (4 percent). Although the processing vegetable crop was reduced from the record-large 1994 crop, it was still one of the largest on record. Most of the decline was due to lower average yields as harvested area fell less than 1 percent. Production declined for 8 of the 13 processing vegetable crops with sweet corn registering the largest drop at 11 percent. Hot, dry weather increased acreage abandonment and reduced yields in Midwest growing areas. Sweet corn yields, for example, in Wisconsin dropped 18 percent. However, sweet corn production rose in the Pacific Northwest due to higher yields in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Although Wisconsin usually is the leading producer, Washington was the top sweet corn producer in 1995 with 25 percent of the crop. Despite heavy rains that flooded fields and delayed planting in California, processing tomato production fell only 2 percent as increased acreage partly offset lower yields. In 1995, the most notable increase in processing output was for carrots, which rose 7 percent. Improved yields and increased acreage caused processing carrot production to rise 35 percent in Washington State, the leading producer. In the first half of 1996, wholesale prices for processed vegetables averaged about 4 percent higher than a year earlier. The 1996 contract acreage for the five leading processing vegeta- bles (tomatoes, sweet corn, snap beans, green peas, and cucumbers) is estimated to have declined 7 percent to 1.42 million acres. Acreage declined across the board with green pea acreage down the most at 18 percent. Cool wet weather delayed planting in many areas this year with some sweet corn and snap bean acreage flooded out or not planted at all in the Midwest. Despite expectations for a record processing tomato crop in California, total processing vegetable output will likely fall from a year ago given reduced vegetable acreage and expected below-trend yields. The first estimate of 1996 contract production for green peas indicates a 16-percent drop from 1995 to 412,690 short tons, as an 18-percent decline in harvested area outweighs a slight gain in per acre yield. With favorable growing conditions in California, higher yields are expected to boost 1996 U.S. processing tomato production 8 percent to a record-high 12 million short tons. In 1995, production of 25 selected fresh-market vegetables and melons (excluding potatoes, dry beans, and sweet potatoes) declined 2 percent to 388 million cwt. Among the major crops, lower yields pulled production down for tomatoes (10 percent), bell peppers (15 percent), and asparagus (8 percent), while reduced area limited output of head lettuce (11 percent) and broccoli (6 percent). Higher prices and stronger yields brought notable production increases in romaine lettuce (27 percent), honeydew melons (40 percent), and cantaloupes (15 percent). Continued strong domestic demand prompted California garlic growers to increase area 15 percent, which contributed to an 11-percent surge in output. Increased acreage boosted onion production 1 percent to a record 64 million cwt in 1995. Production continued strong in California and the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho) which together account for 59 percent of the U.S. onion crop. U.S. potato production declined 5 percent in 1995 to 442 million cwt. The fall-season potato crop totaled 402 million cwt, 6 percent below the previous year's output. Total harvested acreage fell 1 percent and average yield per acre fell for the first time in 5 years. The 1995 potato crop suffered unfavorable weather that led to lower average yields in key States such as Idaho, Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Shipments of fresh (tablestock) potatoes declined 3 percent during 1995, while movement of chipstock declined 1 percent. Processing use during the 1995/96 marketing season is again expected to reach record highs as demand for products such as frozen french fries remains strong. U.S. summer- and fall-season potato growers expect to harvest a modern day record-large area during the fall of 1996. The 1995 sweet potato crop was estimated at 12.9 million cwt, down 4 percent from the previous year. The season-average price was estimated at $15.80 per cwt, compared with $14.00 in 1994. Yields fell 5 percent from 1994's record to 154 cwt per acre. North Carolina's output declined 9 percent to 4.8 million cwt, with the State's share of U.S. production falling from 39 percent back to 37 percent--the average during the 1990's. Louisiana's crop increased 4 percent to 3.2 million cwt and accounted for 24 percent of 1995 production--up from 23 percent a year earlier. Sweet potato acreage is expected up 3 percent in 1996. Assuming yields close to trend (152 cwt per acre) are realized, production would rise 1 to 4 percent this season. A 3-percent rise in both harvested acreage and per acre yields pushed 1995 dry edible bean production up 7 percent to 31 million cwt. Most of the increase was in navy, black, blackeye, and Great Northern beans. Until recent months, market prices for most bean classes had been low and prices for alternative commodities such as field corn and soybeans had been very high. This encouraged dry bean growers to plant fewer dry edible beans in 1996. In 1996, harvested acreage is expected to decline 10 percent to 1.7 million, and given trend yields, production could range from 13 to 17 percent below the previous year. This would trim stocks for most classes and leave season-average prices well above a year earlier. Trade In 1995, the United States continued to be a net exporter (in dollar value) of vegetables and melons. Exports increased 5 percent to $2.8 billion, while imports rose 13 percent to $2.6 billion. U.S. imports from Mexico rose 17 percent and accounted for about 52 percent of total vegetable and melon imports. Although the United States remains in deficit in fresh vegetable, melon, frozen vegetable, and mushroom trade, substantial trade surpluses continue in canned vegetables, potatoes, dry edible beans and peas, and seed. Fresh vegetable imports (excluding potatoes and mushrooms) totaled $1.4 billion in 1995, up 21 percent from a year earlier. Fresh-tomato import value totaled $451 million, up 31 percent from a year earlier. Tomato import volume rose 57 percent to 13.7 million cwt- -about 29 percent of total domestic supply. The import share of the U.S. fresh-market tomato supply has increased substantially the past 2 years due to factors such as the Mexican peso devaluation, improved quality of Mexican vine-ripe tomatoes, and poor weather in Florida that limited domestic supply. During the first 5 months of 1996, tomato import volume totaled 23 percent higher than the same time a year ago. Although volume shipped from Mexico rose 21 percent during this time, Mexico lost nearly 2 percent of import market share to greenhouse-grown tomatoes from Canada, the Netherlands, and Israel. Mexicos impact on Florida in the U.S. winter fresh tomato market has been disputed for many years. On March 30, 1995, Florida tomato growers filed a formal complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), alleging injury due to excessive imports of fresh-market tomatoes from Mexico during the winter. In a provisional investigation, the ITC ruled against the Florida petitioners. This year,the Florida fresh-market tomato and pepper industry again filed a petition with the ITC seeking relief from excessive imports. The industry also filed an anti-dumping suit against Mexico this spring. While a ruling on dumping is not expected until September, the ITC again rejected the request for relief under section 202 of the Trade Act of 1974, determining that imports of fresh tomatoes and bell peppers were not a substantial cause of serious injury or threat of serious injury to the domestic industries. The value of U.S. vegetable exports to Canada, the leading destination, rose 7 percent to $1.1 billion. Canada accounted for 38 percent of all U.S. vegetable and melon exports in 1995--up from 37 percent in 1994. After increasing by more than a third in 1994, exports to Japan increased 8 percent to $627 million as sales of frozen potatoes and fresh vegetables like cauliflower and asparagus continued to increase. In 1995, the United States exported 8.1 percent of its fresh-market vegetable supplies (production plus imports), down from 8.6 percent in 1994 (excludes potatoes). On the other side of the ledger, the United States imported about 11 percent of its total fresh vegetable supplies last year, up from 9 percent a year earlier. Supply for canning and freezing uses is defined as production plus imports and beginning stocks. About 6 percent of canned vegetable supplies were exported in 1995, while 2 percent was imported. In 1995, 7 percent of vegetables for freezing (excluding potatoes) were exported. Imports accounted for 9 percent of freezing supply with broccoli accounting for about half of frozen imports. The United States continued to post a positive net export value for potatoes in 1995. The net value of potato trade (export value minus import value) rose to $437 million, up 6 percent from the previous year. The value of 1995 exports increased 8 percent to a record $618 million. The value of potato and potato product imports increased 12 percent to $181 million. On a fresh-weight- equivalent basis, the volume of all potato exports totaled 37 million cwt, up 23 percent from 1994. Frozen products accounted for 16.7 million cwt (up 30 percent) while dried and dehydrated products accounted for about 9.6 million cwt. For the first 5 months of 1996, export volume and value were running near a year earlier. Per Capita Utilization Per capita use of 56 selected vegetable and melon categories rose 1 percent in 1995 to 433 pounds (farm-weight basis). While fresh vegetable and potato use was flat, overall vegetable utilization rose due to increases in canning (3 percent) and freezing (2 percent) vegetables. Per capita use of fresh vegetables (excluding potatoes, pulses, and mushrooms) remained constant at 146 pounds. Increased use (as measured at the farm gate) of melons, carrots, onions, and tomatoes offset declines in head lettuce, sweet corn, bell peppers, and cabbage. Per capita use of garlic continued to climb in 1995 and exceeded 2 pounds for the first time--increasing 10 percent to 2.1 pounds. Disappearance of vegetables for freezing and tomatoes for processing increased in 1995. As a result, use of vegetables for processing (excluding potatoes and mushrooms) rose 3 percent to about 129 pounds per person. Per capita use of vegetables for freezing (excluding potatoes) rose 2 percent to 22.5 pounds due primarily to increased use of sweet corn (up 14 percent) which rose with strong supplies and low wholesale prices. Based on preliminary data, per capita use of potatoes in all forms remained about unchanged in 1995 at 140 pounds. Decreased use of fresh potatoes was offset by increased use of frozen and dehydrated product. Potatoes destined for manufacture into frozen products accounted for more than one-third of all potatoes produced--up from just 5 percent in 1959/60. Overall potato use is forecast to increase slightly in 1996 as production is expected to rise. With slightly larger production, somewhat lower prices, and a strong economy boosting demand, both french fry use and fresh use are expected to increase. For sweet potatoes, lower production in 1995 left per capita use down slightly to 4.5 pounds, but still above the 4.3 pound average of the previous 5 years. Per capita use of dry edible beans totaled 7.9 pounds in 1995, up 8 percent from a year earlier. Pinto beans accounted for the largest share of the dry bean market at 3.2 pounds per person (down slightly from a year earlier), followed by navy beans with 19 percent at 1.5 pounds per person. Red kidney beans (0.6 pounds) and Great Northern beans (0.4 pounds) are the next most popular dry bean classes. Prices and Value In 1995, retail prices for fresh-market vegetables (excluding potatoes) averaged 12 percent above a year earlier. With the exception of onions, retail prices averaged above a year earlier for all major vegetables. In 1996, retail prices for fresh-market vegetables will likely rise at a much slower pace, mirroring the sluggishness expected in grower prices. During the first half of 1996, vegetable supplies and prices were highly variable due primarily to crop damage from freezes and heavy rains in Florida. During the spring, planting and crop progress were hindered by excessive rains in the Midwest, a late freeze in Idaho, and drought in Texas. Severe weather in Florida damaged tender winter vegetables, causing prices for bell peppers and tomatoes (among others) to increase. Supply shortages for some items developed during early 1996 with prices moving well above the average for the previous 3 years. In California, weather has generally been favorable for crop development this year. With supplies of most products strong, retail prices for processed vegetables rose just 1 percent in 1995, as canned and frozen vegetables each increased 1 percent. Wholesale prices for dehydrated vegetables (largely potatoes and onions) remained unchanged. In 1996, retail prices for all processed vegetables are expected to increase as smaller crops of sweet corn, snap beans, and green peas reduce stocks and lead to higher prices through next year. The preliminary 1995/96 season-average price received for all potatoes was estimated at $6.35 per cwt, up 14 percent from 1994/95. With a smaller fall crop, the 1995/96 season-average price for fresh-market potatoes was estimated at $8.64, up 30 percent from 1994/95. The average grower price for processing potatoes was estimated at $5.12 per cwt, up 10 percent. With higher acreage this year, the 1996 potato crop is expected to increase from a year ago. Larger yields are expected in several key States and should combine with higher acreage to boost output. With output higher, the season-average price for all potatoes is expected to average below a year earlier and consumers can expect lower fresh potato prices this fall and into next spring. Despite a 4-percent increase in mushroom output, grower prices rose 8 percent (measured at the point of first sale) for all sales of agaricus mushrooms in 1994/95. Both fresh-market (up 3 percent) and processing production (up 7 percent) increased. Prices for fresh-market sales rose 2 percent from the previous season to $1.05 per pound, while processing prices rose 3 percent to $0.684 per pound. For specialty mushrooms, reduced output led to higher prices for Shiitake and Oyster mushrooms. Specialty mushroom sales totaled $28 million, compared with $731 million for the traditional agaricus mushrooms. The value of production for fresh-market and processing vegetables, potatoes, sweet potatoes, pulses, and mushrooms increased 10 percent in 1995 to $13.3 billion. The value of the 25 major fresh- market vegetables and melons rose 14 percent to $7.4 billion, while the 10 leading processing vegetables rose only slightly to $1.5 billion. Increases in fresh-market value of head lettuce (up 55 percent), romaine lettuce (56 percent), and honeydew melons (72 percent) outweighed reduced value for tomatoes (down 15 percent), artichokes (44 percent), and eggplant (22 percent). Higher prices were responsible for most of the increase in fresh-market crop value. Increased values for processing carrots (up 20 percent), green peas (up 6 percent), and lima beans (9 percent) were nearly offset by reductions for snap beans (7 percent) and sweet corn (2 percent) to leave processing vegetable value up only slightly in 1995. Higher prices boosted crop values for potatoes (up 8 percent) and sweet potatoes (3 percent) while lower prices cut the value of the dry bean crop 4 percent to $604 million. Specialties Based on limited shipment reports, the volume of selected specialty vegetable shipments increased about a tenth in 1995. Specialty vegetable supplies rose from the previous year as both domestic and import shipments increased. The domestic share of the specialty vegetable market (now around 61 percent) continued to erode as imports increased at a faster rate than domestic supplies. Shipments were up for most items with tropical vegetables (such as dasheens and yams) up 6 percent and chile peppers up 19 percent. Glossary of Specialized Terms Fresh-market vegetables: Sold primarily as fresh; includes artichokes, asparagus, green lima beans, snap beans, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, cucumbers, eggplant, escarole and endive, garlic, radishes, honeydews, lettuce, onions, bell peppers, spinach, tomatoes, and watermelons. Dual-purpose vegetables: Commodities that may be sold in fresh or processing markets. Dual commodities include asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, and celery. Processing vegetables: Commodities sold primarily to processors; include (but not limited to) green lima beans, snap beans, beets, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, chile peppers, green peas, spinach, and tomatoes. Shipments: Quantity of produce marketed from major production areas. Arrivals: Quantity of produce received by wholesalers and chain stores in selected cities, as shipped from major production areas. Season-average price: Average price received by the grower-packer (grower-shipper), weighted by quantity marketed. F.o.b. shipping point price: The average, unweighted unit price received by the shipper or grower-shipper primarily for sales in carload or truckload quantities, but also including mixed loads. Marketing spread: The difference between the retail price and the grower-packer return. Grower-packer return: Price received by the grower-packer. Contract acreage: Area planted by agreement between processors and growers, generally at an agreed price and conditions, including quality. Winter season: Production period which mainly spans January to March. Spring season: Production period which mainly spans April to June. Summer season: Production period which mainly spans July to September. Fall season: Production period which mainly spans October to December. Pulses: A term used collectively for dry edible beans, dry edible peas, and lentils. Cwt: Abbreviation for hundredweight, a unit of measure equal to 100 pounds. Short ton: A unit of measure equal to 2,000 pounds. A metric ton is equal to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.62 pounds. Farm weight: The raw or unprocessed weight of a product in fresh form prior to any processing; also called fresh-weight, field-run, or orchard-run. Product weight: The weight of a product in its final packaged form. For example, the weight of the contents of a can of tomato paste. Pay weight: The weight of useable product delivered to the processing plant and paid for at the rates specified by contract. Cash receipts: The value of commodity marketings during the calendar year, irrespective of the year of production. For program crops, also includes net CCC loans (there are none for vegetables or potatoes). Value of production: The value of commodities produced during the crop year. Calculated as production times marketing-year-average price. May be equal to cash receipts when the crop year for a vegetable runs from January through December. Per capita use: A measure of commodity disappearance on a per person basis. Equal to total supply (production plus imports plus beginning stocks) less uses (exports, shrink and loss, seed use, ending stocks) divided by total U.S. population (including military). Constant 1992 dollars: Expression of value in terms of 1992 purchasing power. Frequently referred to as deflated or real dollars. Pack: The quantity of fresh or processed product placed in containers (e.g., cans). Generally refers to the output of a processing industry (e.g., frozen pack of broccoli). Carryover stocks: The quantity of product remaining in storage at the end of the crop year. Cold storage: The quantity of product in refrigerated warehouses at a point in time. Specialties: A term for commodities (limited here to vegetables) not generally considered to be mainstream. Examples include jicama, dasheen, and cassava. May also include "minor vegetables", such as okra, chile peppers, pumpkins, and tropical vegetables. List of Tables Page Industry 1. U.S. per capita use of selected, commercially produced, fresh and processing vegetables and melons, 1975-96 2. Vegetables: U.S. cash receipts, 1970-94 Fresh Vegetables 3. Vegetables, fresh market: Harvested acreage of major vegetables, 1971-95 4. Vegetables, fresh market: Production of major vegetables, 1971-95 5. Vegetables, fresh market: Value of production of major vegetables, 1971-95 6. Fresh-market production of selected vegetables for selected States, 1979-95 7. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected shipments, 1983-95 8. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1970-96 9. Vegetables, fresh market, including potatoes: U.S. monthly and annual consumer price index, 1970-96 10. Vegetables, fresh-market: U.S. imports of major vegetables, 1970-95 11. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1992-95 12. Vegetables, commercial: U.S. monthly and annual average grower price index, 1970-96 13. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1970-96 14. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-96 15. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. exports, 1970-95 16. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1992-95 17. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1970-96 18. Asparagus, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 19. Broccoli, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 20. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 21. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 22. Cauliflower, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 23. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 24. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 25. Head lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 26. Lettuce, iceberg, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 27. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1970-96 28. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1970-96 29. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 30. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 31. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1970-96 32. Sweet corn, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 33. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 34. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 35. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1970-96 36. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1970-96 37. Melons, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1970-96 38. Cabbage, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 39. Cucumbers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 40. Green peppers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1970-96 Fresh and Frozen Supply and Use 41. U.S. fresh tomatoes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 42. U.S. fresh bell peppers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 43. U.S. fresh head lettuce: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 44. U.S. fresh onions: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 45. U.S. fresh sweet corn: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 46. U.S. fresh carrots: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 47. U.S. fresh broccoli: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 48. U.S. fresh cauliflower: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 49. U.S. fresh asparagus: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 50. U.S. fresh celery: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 51. U.S. fresh cucumbers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 52. U.S. fresh cabbage: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 53. U.S. honeydews: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 54. U.S. cantaloupe: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 55. U.S. watermelon: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 56. U.S. asparagus for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 57. U.S. broccoli for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 58. U.S. cauliflower for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 59. U.S. green peas for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 60. U.S. snap beans for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 61. U.S. sweet corn for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-96 62. U.S. potatoes for freezing: Supply and utilization, farm weight, 1973-96 Fresh Marketing Spreads 63. Cabbage: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price,December-May 1970/71-1995/96 64. Carrots: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-95 65. Celery: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-95 66. Cucumbers: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, November-May 1970/71-1995/96 67. Lettuce, iceberg: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-95 68. Peppers, bell: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-96 69. Tomatoes, fresh: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-96 70. Potatoes, fresh: U.S. retail price, marketing spread, and grower-packer return, 1970-96 71. Onions, fresh: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and grower price, 1970-95 Dual Usage Vegetables 72. Vegetables, dual usage: Fresh and processing production, 1970-95 73. Vegetables, dual usage: Fresh and processing value of production, 1970-95 74. Vegetables, dual usage: Fresh and processing per capita utilization, 1970-96 Processing Vegetables 75. Vegetables, processing: Harvested acreage for canning and freezing, 1972-95 76. Vegetables, processing: Production for canning and freezing, 1972-95 77. Vegetables, processing: Value of production for canning and freezing, 1972-95 78. Vegetables, processing: Raw product prices for canning and freezing, 1972-95 79. Vegetables, processed: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1970-96 80. Vegetables, processing: Selected U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-96 81. Vegetables, dehydrated: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1975-96 82. Vegetables, canned: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1970-96 83. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1970-95 84. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1970-95 85. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1992-95 86. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1992-95 87. Vegetables, frozen: Pack and carryover, 1971-95 88. Vegetables, frozen: Annual pack of major vegetables, 1971-95 89. Vegetables, frozen: January 1 stocks of major vegetables, 1971-96 90. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1970-96 91. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. imports, by type, 1970-95 92. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. exports, by type, 1978-95 93. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1992-95 94. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1992-95 Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes 95. Potatoes: Harvested acreage, by season, 1972-96 96. Potatoes: Production, by season, 1972-96 97. Potatoes, all seasons: Production, by major State, 1970-95 98. Potatoes: Season-average price and value of farm sales, by season, 1970-94 99. Potatoes: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 100. Potatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1970-96 101. Potatoes: frozen french fries: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1970-96 102. Potatoes: U.S. monthly retail price, by product, 1970-96 103. Potatoes: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1971-95 104. Potatoes: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1971-95 105. Potatoes: U.S. per capita utilization, by category, 1970-96 106. Sweet potatoes: Production, by State, 1970-95 107. Sweet potatoes: U.S. acreage, yield, production, and value, 1970-96 Pulses 108. Dry edible beans: Harvested acreage, by State, 1970-96 109. Dry edible beans: Production, by class, 1970-95 110. Dry edible beans: Production, by State, 1970-95 111. Dry edible beans: Value of production, by State, 1970-95 112. Dry edible beans: Season-average wholesale price, by class, 1971-95 113. Dry edible beans: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-96 114. Dry edible beans: U.S. imports, by class, 1970-96 115. Dry edible beans: U.S. exports, by class, 1970-96 116. Dry edible beans: U.S. per capita use for selected classes, 1971-96 117. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. harvested acreage, by class, 1970-96 118. Dry peas and lentils: Yield, by class, 1970-95 119. Dry peas and lentils: Production, by class, 1970-95 120. Dry peas and lentils: Grower price, by class, 1970-95 121. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. exports, by class, 1970-95 122. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. imports, by class, 1970-95 Mushrooms 123. Mushrooms: Production, by type of sale, 1970-94 124. Mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1970-94 125. Mushrooms: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1978-96 126. Mushrooms, canned: U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1978-96 127. Mushrooms, all: U.S. per capita utilization, 1970-96 128. Specialty, mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1986-94 Specialties 129. Specialty vegetables: Fresh and processed imports, 1980-95 130. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Harvested acreage, California, 1980-94 131. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Production, California, 1980-94 132. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Value of production, California, 1980-94 133. Specialty vegetables, fresh market: U.S. domestic and imported shipments, 1980-95 END_OF_FILE