VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK August 4, 1998 July 1998, VGS-275 Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board --------------------------------------------------------------------------- VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK is published annually by the Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036-5831. This release contains only the text of the VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK -- tables and graphics are not included. (See supplemental data in Lotus 123 .WK1 files.) Printed copies of this Yearbook are available from the ERS-NASS order desk. Call, toll-free, 1-800-999-6779 and ask for stock # VGS-1998, $21. ERS-NASS accepts MasterCard and Visa. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents Summary Glossary of Specialized Terms List of Tables Situation Coordinator Gary Lucier Voice (202) 694-5253 FAX: (202) 694-5820 E-mail: Glucier@econ.ag.gov Principal Contributors Gary Lucier (202) 694-5253 Statistical Assistant Brenda Toland ADP Support Stacy Jones Editor Martha R. Evans Graphics, Table Design, and Layout Wynnice Pointer-Napper Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board. Summary released July 23, 1998. The summary of the next Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is scheduled for release on November 19, 1998. Summaries and text of Situation and Outlook reports may be accessed electronically; for details, call (202) 694-5050. The Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is published semi-annually (April and November), and supplemented by a yearbook (July). Summary In 1997, U.S. vegetable production (including potatoes, sweet potatoes, and pulses) declined 3 percent from the previous year to 1.3 billion hundredweight (cwt). Although output was stronger for fresh-market vegetables and melons (up 5 percent to a record high), dry edible beans (up 4 percent), and dry peas and lentils (up 109 percent), these gains were outweighed by 8 percent declines in both processing vegetables and potatoes. Potato growers reduced acreage in 1997, and U.S. potato production fell 7 percent to 460 million cwt. The record-high 1996 output and subsequent low prices discouraged 1997 planting. Total potato shipments declined 3 percent during calendar 1997, while imports of fresh-market potatoes from Canada declined 27 percent from the record high of 1996. Seed and chipstock movement each declined 3 percent, partly offsetting a 4-percent rise in domestic fresh- market shipments. Potatoes used for processing (freezing, dehydrating, canning) in 1997/98 (September-August) are expected to decline from the record-high 1996/97 season. The tighter potato supplies led to higher prices during the 1997/98 marketing season. The season-average price received for all 1997-crop potatoes is estimated at $5.68 per cwt, up 12 percent from 1996/97. A smaller fall crop contributed to a 25-percent increase in prices for fresh-market potatoes at $7.01 per cwt. The average grower price for processing potatoes, which are mainly bought under contract, is estimated up 2 percent to $4.86 per cwt. U.S. fall-season potato growers expect to harvest 3 percent more area in 1998, led by North Dakota (up 19 percent), Wisconsin (6 percent), Minnesota (5 percent), and Idaho (up 4 percent). North Dakota's harvested area reflects recovery from the floods of 1997 when heavy summer rains caused abnormally large acreage losses. During the March to May period, when most fall-season potatoes were being planted, U.S. shipping-point prices for all potatoes averaged $6.31 per cwt, 31 percent above a year ago. Summer-season potato growers increased harvested acreage 9 percent this year. Given a slight decline in yields, summer potato production is expected to rise 8 percent to 19.3 million cwt. This increase partly reflects strong demand for chipping potatoes caused by weather-shortened spring-season supplies and the introduction of new products by chip manufacturers. The summer crop typically accounts for 4 percent of all potato production, with Colorado, California, and Missouri the leading States. Fresh vegetable and melon output totaled 428 million cwt in 1997. Increased acreage and stronger yields resulted in higher production for carrots (up 26 percent), honeydew melons (22 percent), cabbage (12 percent), broccoli (12 percent), and tomatoes (9 percent). Lower yields reduced output of garlic (down 9 percent) and celery (4 percent) while acreage cuts trimmed watermelon output 8 percent. Riding a wave of record consumption, fresh-market carrot production continues to rise along with the popularity of fresh-cut vegetables. California produces 76 percent of fresh carrots, and production there has jumped 60 percent since 1995. In 1997, retail prices for fresh-market vegetables (including potatoes) increased 3 percent from the previous year. Most of the gain was the result of higher prices for major vegetables like tomatoes, lettuce, and onions. A cooler and wetter than average 1998 winter and spring interrupted growers' planting schedules, slowed crop growth, and reduced yields in California and Florida. The result was a 15-percent increase in retail prices for fresh-market vegetables during the first half of the year. Hot, dry summer weather may reduce per-acre yields for some unirrigated vegetables and melons in States such as Texas and Georgia; but national prices are largely unaffected because of local production in other areas. Processing vegetable production declined 8 percent in 1997, mostly due to reduced processing tomato output. High processed tomato stocks and low prices prompted processors to cut contract production. Production declined for other processed vegetables, including snap beans, carrots, and broccoli. Domestic production of frozen broccoli has been on a downward trend since the mid-1980's when processors began to shift to lower cost facilities in Mexico and Guatemala where labor was cheaper. In 1997, total supplies of canned vegetables (excluding tomatoes) were down 4 percent from a year earlier to 10.5 billion pounds. Increased imports of canned vegetables were outweighed by lower domestic output. In 1997, low wholesale prices for canned sweet corn led processors to contract for less acreage, and production declined 7 percent. For processing tomatoes, the dominant canned vegetable, supplies were down 3 percent to 37.9 billion pounds, as processors sought to reduce burdensome inventories. Despite reduced supplies, wholesale prices for canned vegetables fell 1 percent in 1997, likely reflecting soft demand. Frozen vegetable supplies (excluding potatoes) increased 2 percent to a record high 11.2 billion pounds. Despite the larger supply, market shipments for the seven leading vegetables fell 1 percent during the 1996/97 season. With larger stocks and soft demand, first-half 1998 wholesale prices for frozen vegetables averaged slightly less than a year earlier. The supply of sweet corn, which accounts for nearly half of frozen vegetables (excluding potatoes), rose 5 percent in 1997 as production reached a record high 3.4 billion pounds. Imports account for less than 2 percent of frozen sweet corn supply and have not changed much since the late 1980's. At the same time, domestic and export demand for frozen sweet corn continues to be strong, with domestic use now greater than that of canned sweet corn. With production and inventory levels falling, wholesale prices for most processed tomato products have risen over the past year. For example, June 1998 prices for bulk tomato paste (fancy 31 percent) averaged 18 percent above a year earlier. Strong export demand has also helped boost prices. Crop shortfalls in several major processing tomato countries pushed U.S. processed tomato exports up in 1997. Exports have been trending strongly higher during the 1990's and now take 7 percent of annual supply, compared with 2 percent in 1990. Exports of processed tomato products totaled $241 million in 1997--10 percent greater than the previous year. Canada (44 percent of the total) and Japan (12 percent) continue to be the two leading export markets for U.S. processed tomato products. In addition to Japan ($29 million), other important Asian markets include South Korea ($12 million), Hong Kong ($6 million), the Philippines ($5 million), and Taiwan ($4 million). During the first 5 months of 1998, the value of U.S. processed tomato exports totaled 7 percent less than a year ago. Processors of five selected vegetables (tomatoes, sweet corn, snap beans, green peas, and cucumbers) expect to contract for 1.4 million acres in 1998--up 1 percent from a year earlier. Stronger processing tomato prices and the lack of attractive crop alternatives led to the increase. Canners and freezers each increased contract area 1 percent. Overall, processors increased or maintained acreage for most of the major vegetables. For processing tomatoes, the cool, wet spring weather in California (which accounts for 95 percent of the crop) delayed the start of planting by three weeks. Processors are now concerned that bunching of the tomato harvest in August could overwhelm handling capacity, resulting in loss of fruit and reduced production. As of July 1, the 1998 U.S. processing tomato crop is expected to remain even with a year earlier at 9.9 million short tons. With production and inventory levels falling, wholesale prices for most processed tomato products have risen over the past year. Given average acreage losses and trend yields for the other processing vegetables in 1998, output could total 1 to 3 percent above last year's 15 million short tons. The first estimate of 1998 contract production for green peas indicates a 1-percent increase from 1997 to 481,600 short tons. Overall harvested area is up 4 percent, but per-acre yields are off 3 percent. The decline is indicated in the canning sector, where low wholesale prices discouraged processors from increasing contract area. Freezers contracted 2 percent more green pea acres to continue rebuilding stocks, which a year ago were down to the lowest levels since 1989. Green pea production increased in States such as Oregon (up 18 percent) and Washington (up 5 percent) where the majority of vegetable processors produce frozen products. The 1997 sweet potato crop was estimated at 13.5 million cwt, up fractionally from the previous year and the largest crop since 1985. Despite the strong output, the season-average price was estimated at $15.80 per cwt--up 10 percent from a year earlier. U.S. yields rose 2 percent to 162 cwt per acre--equaling the 1994 record. North Carolina's output increased 14 percent to 5 million cwt --the second largest crop this decade. Louisiana's crop, at 3.4 million cwt, was the largest since 1974. In 1998, area harvested for sweet potatoes is expected to be about the same as in 1997. Assuming yields around the average of the past 3 years (158 cwt per acre) are realized, production this fall would be slightly less than a year ago. Dry edible bean production increased 4 percent to 29.2 million cwt on the strength of a 6-percent gain in per-acre yields. Area for harvest declined 2 percent to 1.7 million acres. This area decline was due partly to excessive rains and flooding in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, causing abandonment of nearly 100,000 acres. Most of the increase in output was in black, blackeye, and small red beans. In 1998, U.S. dry bean growers expect to harvest an estimated 1.94 million acres, up 13 percent from a year ago and 8 percent above the average of the 1990's. Most of the indicated gain is in North Dakota (up 34 percent to a record high), Colorado (up 33 percent), and Minnesota (up 16 percent) and is likely concentrated in pinto beans. With exceptions like pinto, Great Northern, and black beans, market prices for most bean classes have not been significantly above the levels of recent years. However, exports are strong this year and prices for alternative commodities like wheat and corn have not been attractive enough to pull area out of dry beans. As a result, growers increased area substantially this year. The U.S. import value of vegetables, melons, and pulses exceeded exports again in 1997. Exports increased 10 percent to $3.06 billion, while imports rose 5 percent to $3.11 billion. The value of U.S. imports from Mexico fell 1 percent and accounted for about 50 percent of U.S. vegetable and melon imports. Although the United States has a trade deficit in fresh vegetables, melons, frozen vegetables, and mushrooms, substantial trade surpluses continue in canned vegetables, potatoes, dried and dehydrated vegetables, dry edible beans and peas, and vegetable seed. Fresh-market tomato import value totaled $649 million, down 4 percent from a year earlier. Tomato import volume rose 1 percent to 16.4 million cwt--representing 32 percent of total domestic utilization. Although this was down from 34 percent in 1996, prior to 1995, fresh tomato imports accounted for around 20 percent of tomato utilization. During January-May 1998, fresh-market tomato import volume was 14 percent above a year earlier. While total tomato imports increased, Mexico's share of U.S. winter imports continued to slip, declining to 93 percent, compared with 94 percent a year earlier. Imports (mostly greenhouse and hydroponic product) from countries such as Canada, the Netherlands, Israel, and Spain jumped 44 percent as U.S. consumers embraced higher quality (and higher priced) hothouse tomatoes. The per-unit import value for tomatoes (largely field grown) from Mexico was 33.9 cents per pound, but hothouse product from countries like Canada (75.8 cents per pound) and the Netherlands (87.7 cents per pound) averaged considerably more. The United States exported nearly 8 percent of its fresh-market vegetable and melon supplies (production plus imports) in 1997, the same as a year earlier. On the other side of the ledger, imports accounted for close to 14 percent of U.S. fresh vegetable use, up from 13 percent a year earlier. About 8 percent of canned vegetable supplies were exported in 1997, while imports accounted for 5 percent of canned vegetable use. In 1997, 8 percent of vegetables for freezing (excluding potatoes) were exported. About 18 percent of vegetables consumed in frozen form were imported in 1997, with broccoli accounting for about 46 percent of all frozen vegetable imports. The United States continued to post a positive net export value for potatoes in 1997, although the advantage has eroded. The net value of potato trade (export value minus import value) fell to $364 million, down 2 percent from the previous year. The value of potato and potato-product imports increased 16 percent to $280 million due mostly to increased frozen imports from Canada. On the export side, the value of 1997 potato and potato-product exports rose 5 percent to $644 million. On a fresh-weight-equivalent basis, the volume of all potato exports totaled 39 million cwt, up 11 percent from 1996. Frozen products accounted for about 19 million cwt, while dried and dehydrated products accounted for nearly 7 million cwt. For the first 4 months of 1998, both import (up 48 percent) and export (up 10 percent) value were running above a year earlier. The value of U.S. vegetable exports to Russia (including potatoes, melons, pulses, mushrooms, and vegetable seed) totaled $15 million in 1997, up 22 percent from a year earlier. Four commodities accounted for about half of the value of vegetables exported to Russia. The major items exported to Russia were canned sweet corn ($3 million), potato chips ($2 million), potato flakes ($1.5 million), and fresh potatoes ($1.3 million). Through April 1998, exports to Russia totaled $19 million, led by potato chips ($13 million). The U.S. per capita use of 56 selected vegetable and melon categories remained even in 1997 at 446 pounds (farm-weight basis). Increased use was again experienced in the fresh market due to a surge in demand the past few years. Per capita use of fresh vegetables (excluding potatoes) increased 4 percent from a year earlier to 161 pounds. Record-high per capita use was experienced in several fresh-market vegetables, including carrots, cucumbers, romaine/leaf lettuce, cantaloupe, and tomatoes. Per capita use also remained strong for onions, peppers, cabbage, and garlic. In the 1990's, per capita use of fresh- market carrots has averaged 33 percent above the average of the 1980's. In 1997, per capita use of fresh carrots totaled 12.5 pounds, eclipsing the previous record set in the mid-1940's. Fresh-market carrot consumption is projected to increase again in 1998. Per capita use of processing vegetables (on a fresh-equivalent basis) declined 3 percent to 125.9 pounds in 1997. Canning vegetable use declined 2 percent to 102.5 pounds, led by lower use of tomatoes and sweet corn. Per capita use of vegetables for freezing (excluding potatoes) declined 4 percent to 22.5 pounds in 1997, as use of all commodities, except green peas, declined. Per capita use of dry edible beans totaled 7.8 pounds in 1997--up 4 percent from a year earlier and tied with 1994 for the highest since 1961. Slight increases were experienced for pintos, navies, and miscellaneous classes. Pinto beans accounted for 46 percent of the dry bean market at 3.6 pounds per person. This is 55 percent above the average of the 1980's. Navy bean use has fluctuated the past two decades, but use in 1997 was just under the average of the 1980's. Red kidney beans (0.6 pounds) and Great Northern beans (0.5 pounds) are the next most widely used dry bean classes, and use of each has been fairly constant during the 1990's. Based on preliminary data, per capita use of potatoes (all forms on a fresh- equivalent basis) declined 2 percent in 1997 to 142 pounds. Decreased use was likely experienced for both fresh and processing potatoes. Overall potato use is forecast to rise slightly in 1998 as marketings during the second half of the year increase. On the processing side, potatoes for dehydration continue to experience increased demand. For sweet potatoes, slightly higher production in 1997 allowed per capita use to be maintained at 4.6 pounds, with this level expected to continue through 1998. In 1996/97, mushroom output declined fractionally for the second consecutive year as processing production again declined. While fresh-market volume rose 3 percent, processing volume fell 7 percent. Although domestic demand for processed mushrooms has been soft in recent years, imports of processed product continue to trend higher. Processors have also lost market share to fresh mushrooms in recent years, with some pizza chains converting from processed mushrooms to fresh mushrooms for use as pizza toppings. Specialty mushroom production jumped 16 percent to 11.1 million pounds, with gains in both Shiitake (up 11 percent) and Oyster (37 percent) mushrooms. Specialty mushroom sales totaled $36 million, compared with $730 million for agaricus mushrooms. Within the Agaricus category, brown mushrooms (including Portobello and Crimini) were valued at $47 million. Domestic mushroom use now totals 1.1 billion pounds (4 pounds per person), with fresh use accounting for 54 percent. Despite a 7-percent increase in harvested acreage to 30,600 acres, chile pepper production in New Mexico, the largest producing State, declined 22 percent in 1997. Heavy summer rains and hail reduced per acre yields on green chile, particularly jalapeno and long mild varieties. The value of the State's crop dropped 5 percent to $62 million. Although much smaller than New Mexico's industry, California, Texas, and Arizona are also important producers of chile peppers. With the smaller crop, per capita use of chile peppers was estimated to have fallen 1 pound to 5.2 pounds per person (fresh-weight basis) in 1997. Although chile use trends have stabilized in recent years, per capita use is still up considerably from 3.3 pounds in 1980. Glossary of Specialized Terms Fresh-market vegetables: Sold primarily as fresh; includes artichokes, asparagus, green lima beans, snap beans, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, cucumbers, eggplant, escarole and endive, garlic, radishes, honeydews, lettuce, onions, bell peppers, spinach, tomatoes, and watermelons. Dual-purpose vegetables: Commodities that may be sold in fresh or processing markets. Dual commodities include asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, and celery. Processing vegetables: Commodities sold primarily to processors; include (but not limited to) green lima beans, snap beans, beets, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, chile peppers, green peas, spinach, and tomatoes. Shipments: Quantity of produce marketed from major production areas. Arrivals: Quantity of produce received by wholesalers and chain stores in selected cities, as shipped from major production areas. Season-average price: Average price received by the grower-packer (grower- shipper), weighted by quantity marketed. F.o.b. shipping point-price: The average, unweighted unit price received by the shipper or grower-shipper primarily for sales in carload or truckload quantities, but also including mixed loads. Marketing spread: The difference between the retail price and the grower- packer return. Grower-packer return: Price received by the grower-packer. Contract acreage: Area planted by agreement between processors and growers, generally at an agreed price and conditions, including quality. Winter season: Production period which mainly spans January to March. Spring season: Production period which mainly spans April to June. Summer season: Production period which mainly spans July to September. Fall season: Production period which mainly spans October to December. Pulses: A term used collectively for dry edible beans, dry edible peas, and lentils. Cwt: Abbreviation for hundredweight, a unit of measure equal to 100 pounds. Short ton: A unit of measure equal to 2,000 pounds. A metric ton is equal to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.62 pounds. Farm weight: The raw or unprocessed weight of a product in fresh form prior to any processing; also called fresh-weight, field-run, or orchard-run. Product weight: The weight of a product in its final packaged form. For example, the weight of the contents of a can of tomato paste. Pay weight: The weight of useable product delivered to the processing plant and paid for at the rates specified by contract. Cash receipts: The value of commodity marketings during the calendar year, irrespective of the year of production. For program crops, also includes net CCC loans (there are none for vegetables or potatoes). Value of production: The value of commodities produced during the crop year. Calculated as production times marketing-year-average price. May be equal to cash receipts when the crop year for a vegetable runs from January through December. Per capita use: A measure of commodity disappearance on a per-person basis. Equal to total supply (production plus imports plus beginning stocks) less uses (exports, shrink and loss, seed use, ending stocks) divided by total U.S. population (including military). Constant 1992 dollars: Expression of value in terms of 1992 purchasing power. Frequently referred to as deflated or real dollars. Pack: The quantity of fresh or processed product placed in containers (e.g., cans). Generally refers to the output of a processing industry (e.g., frozen pack of broccoli). Carryover stocks: The quantity of product remaining in storage at the end of the crop year. Cold storage: The quantity of product in refrigerated warehouses at a point in time. Specialties: A term for commodities (limited here to vegetables) not generally considered to be mainstream. Examples include jicama, dasheen, and cassava. May also include "minor vegetables," such as okra, chile peppers, pumpkins, and tropical vegetables. C.I.F. value: (Cost, insurance, and freight). Terms of sale whereby the seller's (exporter) price includes the cost of the goods being sold and all transportation charges, including insurance expenses, to the destination point (importer). F.A.S. value: (free alongside ship). A price quotation that includes all costs of transportation and delivery of the goods to the dock alongside the ship (within reach of the ship's tackle). Dumping: The sale of a commodity in a foreign market at less than fair market value. List of Tables Industry 1. U.S. per capita use of selected, commercially produced, fresh, and processing vegetables and melons, 1970-98 2. Vegetables: U.S. cash receipts, 1970-97 Fresh Vegetables 3. Vegetables, fresh market: Harvested acreage of major vegetables, 1970-97 4. Vegetables, fresh market: Production of major vegetables, 1970-97 5. Vegetables, fresh market: Value of production of major vegetables, 1970-97 6. Fresh-market production of selected vegetables for selected States, 1980-97 7. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected shipments, 1984-97 8. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-98 9. Vegetables, fresh market, including potatoes: U.S. monthly and annual consumer price index, 1971-98 10. Vegetables, fresh-market: U.S. imports of major vegetables, 1971-97 11. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1994-97 12. Vegetables, commercial: U.S. monthly and annual average grower price index, 1971-98 13. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-98 14. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-98 15. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. exports, 1970-97 16. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1993-97 17. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1971-98 18. Asparagus, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 19. Broccoli, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 20. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 21. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 22. Cauliflower, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 23. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-98 24. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 25. Head lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 26. Lettuce, iceberg, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price,1971-98 27. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-98 28. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-98 29. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-98 30. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 31. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-98 32. Sweet corn, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 33. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping- point price, 1971-98 34. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 35. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-98 36. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-98 37. Melons, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-98 38. Cabbage, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 39. Cucumbers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 40. Green peppers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 Fresh and Frozen Supply and Use 41. U.S. fresh tomatoes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 42. U.S. fresh bell peppers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 43. U.S. fresh head lettuce: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 44. U.S. fresh onions: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 45. U.S. fresh sweet corn: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 46. U.S. fresh carrots: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 47. U.S. fresh broccoli: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 48. U.S. fresh cauliflower: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 49. U.S. fresh asparagus: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 50. U.S. fresh celery: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 51. U.S. fresh cucumbers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 52. U.S. fresh cabbage: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 53. U.S. artichokes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 54. U.S. eggplant: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 55. U.S. garlic, all uses: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 56. U.S. fresh-market snap beans: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 57. U.S. fresh-market spinach: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 58. U.S. fresh-market potatoes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 59. U.S. honeydews: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 60. U.S. cantaloupe: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 61. U.S. watermelon: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 62. U.S. asparagus for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 63. U.S. broccoli for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 64. U.S. cauliflower for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 65. U.S. green peas for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 66. U.S. snap beans for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 67. U.S. sweet corn for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 68. U.S. potatoes for freezing: Supply and utilization, farm weight, 1973-98 69. U.S. tomatoes for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 70. U.S. cucumbers for pickles: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1973-98 Fresh Marketing Spreads 71. Cabbage: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping- point price, December-May 1970/71-1997/98 72. Carrots: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping- point price, 1970-98 73. Celery: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping- point price, 1970-98 74. Cucumbers: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping- point price, November-May 1970/71-1996/97 75. Lettuce, iceberg: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1970-98 76. Peppers, bell: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-98 77. Tomatoes, fresh: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-98 78. Potatoes, fresh: U.S. retail price, marketing spread, and grower-packer return, 1971-98 79. Onions, fresh: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-97 Processing Vegetables 80. Vegetables, selected: Fresh and processing per capita utilization, 1970-98 81. Vegetables, processing: Harvested acreage for canning and freezing, 1972-97 82. Vegetables, processing: Production for canning and freezing, 1972-97 83. Vegetables, processing: Value of production for canning and freezing, 1972-97 84. Vegetables, processing: Raw product prices for canning and freezing, 1972-97 85. Vegetables, processed: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-98 86. Vegetables, processing: Selected U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-98 87. Vegetables, dehydrated: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1975-98 88. Vegetables, canned: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-98 89. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1970-97 90. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1970-97 91. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1993-97 92. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1993-97 93. Vegetables, frozen: Pack and carryover, 1971-97 94. Vegetables, frozen: Annual pack of major vegetables, 1972-98 95. Vegetables, frozen: January 1 stocks of major vegetables, 1972-98 96. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-98 97. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. imports, by type, 1970-97 98. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. exports, by type, 1978-97 99. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1993-97 100. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1993-97 Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes 101. Potatoes: Harvested acreage, by season, 1972-98 102. Potatoes: Production, by season, 1971-98 103. Potatoes, all seasons: Production, by major State, 1971-97 104. Potatoes: Season-average price and value of farm sales by season, 1970-96 105. Potatoes, all: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1971-98 106. Potatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-98 107. Potatoes: frozen french fries: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-98 108. Potatoes: U.S. monthly retail price, by product, 1971-98 109. Potatoes: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1971-97 110. Potatoes: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1971-97 111. Potatoes: U.S. per capita utilization, by category, 1971-98 112. Sweet potatoes: Production, by State, 1971-97 113. Sweet potatoes: U.S. acreage, yield, production, and value, 1971-98 Pulses 114. Dry edible beans: Harvested acreage, by State, 1971-98 115. Dry edible beans: Production, by class, 1970-97 116. Dry edible beans: Production, by State, 1970-97 117. Dry edible beans: Value of production, by State, 1970-97 118. Dry edible beans: Season-average wholesale price, by class, 1971-97 119. Dry edible beans: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-98 120. Dry edible beans: U.S. imports, by class, 1970-98 121. Dry edible beans: U.S. exports, by class, 1970-98 122. Dry edible beans: U.S. per capita use for selected classes, 1971-98 123. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. harvested acreage, by class, 1971-97 124. Dry peas and lentils: Yield, by class, 1971-97 125. Dry peas and lentils: Production, by class, 1971-97 126. Dry peas and lentils: Grower price, by class, 1971-97 127. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. exports, by class, 1971-97 128. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. imports, by class, 1971-97 Mushrooms 129. Mushrooms: Production, by type of sale, 1970-96 130. Mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1970-96 131. Mushrooms: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1978-98 132. Mushrooms, canned: U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1978-98 133. Mushrooms, all: U.S. per capita utilization, 1971-98 134. Specialty, mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1986-96 Specialties and World Production 135. Specialty vegetables: Fresh and processed imports, 1980-97 136. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Harvested acreage, California, 1981-96 137. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Production, California, 1981-96 138. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Value of production, California, 1981-96 139. Specialty vegetables, fresh market: U.S. domestic and imported shipments, 1981-97 140. Selected vegetable production in leading countries and the world, 1990-97 END_OF_FILE