VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK July 29, 1999 July 1999, ERS-VGS-278 Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board --------------------------------------------------------------------------- VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK is published annually by the Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036-5831. This release contains only the text of the VEGETABLES AND SPECIALTIES YEARBOOK -- tables and graphics are not included. (See supplemental data in Lotus 123 .WK1 files.) Printed copies of this YEARBOOK will be available from the ERS-NASS order desk. Call, toll-free, 1-800-999-6779 and ask for stock #ERS-VGS-1999, $21. ERS-NASS accepts MasterCard and Visa. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents Summary Glossary of Specialized Terms List of Tables Situation Coordinator Gary Lucier Voice (202) 694-5253 FAX: (202) 694-5820 E-mail: GLucier@econ.ag.gov Principal Contributor Gary Lucier (202) 694-5253 Statistical Assistant Brenda Toland ADP Support Stacy Jones Ediitor Martha Evans Graphics, Table Design, and Layout Wynnice Pointer-Napper Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board. Summary released July 22, 1999. The summary of the next Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is scheduled for release on November 17, 1999. Summaries and text of Situation and Outlook reports may be accessed electronically via the ERS web site at www.econ.ag.gov. The Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook is published semi-annually (April and November), and supplemented by a yearbook (July). To order, call 1-800-999-6779 in the United States or Canada. Other areas please call (703) 605-6220. Or write ERS- NASS, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Summary In 1999, increased use of fresh vegetables is expected to outweigh reduced use of most other vegetable categories to raise vegetable and melon consumption (on a fresh-equivalent basis) 1 percent to a record 455 pounds per person. Despite expected lower fresh-market imports, higher domestic production and lower prices will likely support a 5-pound increase in 1999 fresh vegetable and melon per capita use. In total, the United States is expected to consume about 123 billion pounds of vegetables and melons in 1999. This year's expected increase in vegetable and melon use would be a reversal of the scenario experienced in 1998. Last year, total vegetable and melon use was 450 pounds per person about the same as the previous year. Declining fresh-market vegetable use (down 3 percent) offset rising per capita use of canning and freezing vegetables (up 1 percent). In 1998, El Nino-related weather brought above-average precipitation and below-average temperatures to many of the major vegetable-producing areas, reducing quality and yields, shifting harvest schedules, and ultimately raising prices. On the fresh-market side, significant declines in per capita use were experienced in head lettuce, carrots, and cabbage, outweighing increases in snap beans, broccoli, and cantaloupe. Based on preliminary data, per capita use of potatoes, the largest U.S. vegetable crop, rose 2 percent to about 145 pounds in 1998. Larger output and lower prices during the second half of the year encouraged consumption and outweighed the effects of smaller marketings and higher prices for potatoes from the 1997 crop. Both fresh and processing uses likely increased. While processed use, which now accounts for 65 percent of the potato crop, has been rising this decade, fresh use continues to remain relatively stable at around 50 pounds per person. This summer (largely July-September), fresh-market vegetable and melon area for harvest is forecast up 5 percent over a year ago. Increased summer acreage the past 2 years largely reflects strong grower prices during the previous summer season. During the summer of 1998, average prices received by growers for fresh-market vegetables were the second highest this decade (second only to 1997). California, accounting for 46 percent of this year's summer season area, increased acreage 9 percent. New York, the second leading summer-season producer with 11 percent of acreage, expects to harvest about the same area as last year. With market volumes above a year ago, third-quarter vegetable prices are expected to average below the highs of the past 2 years. In 1999, grower cash receipts from the sale of all vegetables and melons are projected to decline 2 to 4 percent to about $15 billion. Lower shipping-point prices are expected to pressure fresh vegetable revenues and offset small gains for processing vegetables. Receipts are likely to decline in States that rely on fresh-market sales such as Florida and New Jersey and possibly increase in major processing States like Wisconsin. The 1998 estimate for grower cash receipts from the sale of vegetables indicates a 2-percent increase from a year earlier to $15.3 billion about 15 percent of all crop receipts. Increased fresh vegetable, potato, dry bean, and mushroom revenues more than offset reductions in processing vegetables, sweet potatoes, and dry peas. Receipts for the major fresh market and processing vegetables remained unchanged in 1998 at $9.4 billion. The value of the 25 major fresh-market vegetables and melons rose 1 percent to $8.1 billion, while the 10 leading processing vegetables declined 7 percent to $1.3 billion. In 1998, all U.S. vegetable and melon production declined 1 percent from the previous year to 1.3 billion hundredweight (cwt). Output was stronger for potatoes (up 2 percent) and dry edible beans (up 5 percent), but declining output for fresh-market vegetables and melons (down 4 percent), processing vegetables (down 5 percent), and sweet potatoes (down 7 percent) outweighed these gains. Driven primarily by demand for fresh-cut products, fresh-market broccoli production rose 10 percent to a record high, with stronger yields and increased acreage (primarily in the summer season). On the processing side, cool, wet California weather led to an uncharacteristically large 12-percent decline in per acre processing tomato yields. This was the largest annual decline in tomato yields since 1973. Although potato yields fell slightly in 1998, growers harvested 3 percent more acreage, resulting in a 2-percent gain in U.S. potato production to 477 million cwt. This was the second largest crop on record. Total potato shipments increased about 6 percent during calendar 1998, while imports of both fresh-market and frozen potatoes from Canada each reached record high volumes. The season- average farm price received for all 1998-crop potatoes is estimated at $5.24 per cwt, down 7 percent from 1997/98. The slightly larger U.S. fall crop and record-large production in Canada each contributed to a 7- percent decline in prices for both fresh-market and processing potatoes. U.S. fall-season potato growers expect to harvest 2 percent fewer acres in 1999. Reduced area is expected in Idaho (down 4 percent), Minnesota (11 percent), New York (6 percent), and California (5 percent). Larger acreage is expected in Washington (up 3 percent), Maine (4 percent), Colorado (2 percent) and Wisconsin (2 percent). During the March to May period, when most fall-season potatoes were being planted, U.S. shipping-point prices for all potatoes averaged $6.08 per cwt, 4 percent below a year ago. Reflecting lower potato prices at planting time, summer-season potato growers expect to harvest 2 percent fewer acres this year. However, per acre yields are expected to increase 3 percent to 285 cwt the highest summer-season yield since 1972. As a result, summer potato production is expected to rise about 1 percent to 19.1 million cwt. The summer crop typically accounts for 4 percent of all potato production, with Texas, Colorado, California, and Missouri the leading States. In 1999, U.S. dry bean growers expect to harvest an estimated 1.94 million acres, up 1 percent from a year earlier and 6 percent greater than the average of the 1990's. If realized, this would be the largest acreage since 1990 and the third largest since the end of World War II. Acreage is expected to be up in five major States, including California (44 percent), Michigan (15 percent), and Nebraska (9 percent). Acreage in California is expected to be the largest since 1990, reflecting dwindling stocks and surging prices for lima, blackeye, and red kidney beans. Most of the increase in U.S. output will likely occur among the white bean classes, such as navy, with reduced output expected for pintos and blacks. After a strong year in 1998, export volume for dry beans has been reduced this year, due largely to a dearth of sales to Mexico and Iraq. Total dry bean export volume for January through May 1999 was 30 percent below a year earlier. U.S. sweet potato growers expect to harvest 2 percent more acreage this fall the largest acreage since 1990. If crop conditions remain relatively favorable, per acre yields will likely improve from last season's lows. Last year, drought in key southern States dropped U.S. sweet potato yields 9 percent to the lowest level in 6 years, cutting output by 1 million cwt from the previous year's level. With stronger production in 1999, sweet potato per capita use is expected to rebound from last year's low, perhaps reaching 4.6 pounds. Processors of five selected vegetables (tomatoes, sweet corn, snap beans, green peas, and cucumbers) expect to contract for 1.4 million acres in 1999 up 2 percent from a year earlier. Given a need to replenish tomato product stocks, contract acreage is up strongly for tomatoes (18 percent). Processors also increased contract area for cucumbers for pickles (up 4 percent). With adequate frozen stocks and lackluster demand for canned product, processors decided to reduce contract area for sweet corn (down 3 percent), snap beans (down 2 percent), and green peas (down 2 percent). Given average acreage losses and trend yields this coming season, output of the 13 leading processing vegetables could be 15 percent higher than a year ago and total a record high 18 million short tons. For processing tomato growers, another cool, wet spring in California (which accounts for 95 percent of the crop) delayed the start of planting by several weeks. With more acreage to cover this year, processors are concerned that bunching of the tomato harvest could overwhelm handling capacity, resulting in loss of fruit and reduced production. As of July 1, the 1999 U.S. processing tomato crop is expected to rise 24 percent over a year earlier to 11.5 million short tons. Although production will likely be rising, wholesale prices for most processed tomato products have declined only marginally over the past few months. With foreign and domestic demand remaining relatively strong, stable prices may reflect the need for yet another substantial crop in 2000 to help replenish stocks. With poor weather reducing yields in the Northwest, the first estimate of 1999 contract production for processing green peas indicates a 7-percent decline from 1998 to 447,333 short tons. Overall harvested area was up 1 percent, but per acre yields declined about 7 percent. The most substantial reduction in output is expected to be in the canning sector, where wholesale prices have been relatively low and stable for the past year. Green pea production is expected to decline in most major States, such as New York (down 26 percent), Washington (16 percent), and Wisconsin (14 percent). Trade continued to play an increasingly larger role in the U.S. vegetable industry. In 1998, nearly 11 percent of the more than 121 billion pounds of total U.S. vegetable and melon consumption was satisfied by imported products. This was up from 9 percent in 1997 and 7 percent in 1990. On the other side of the ledger, the United States exported about 8 percent of its available supply of vegetables and melons in 1998. This was about the same as a year earlier but up from 6 percent in 1990. For the third consecutive year, the United States was a net importer (in dollar value) of vegetables, melons, pulses, and related seed crops in 1998. Although export value increased 6 percent from a year earlier to $3.2 billion, imports rose much faster. The value of imports jumped 22 percent to $3.9 billion, with much of the gain reflecting higher prices, especially for fresh-market commodities. Fresh vegetables accounted for about half of total import value. Tomatoes were the largest fresh-market import, at $758 million. Round tomato varieties accounted for two- thirds of the total, followed by romas (valued at $195 million) and cherry tomatoes ($61 million). Freed of tariffs, encouraged by a favorable dollar exchange rate, and supported by strong U.S. consumer demand, the value of U.S. vegetable imports from Canada has risen 16 to 34 percent annually for 6 consecutive years. In 1998, the value of imports increased 28 percent to $713 million. Two crops potatoes and tomatoes--and their products account for about two-thirds of U.S. vegetable imports from Canada. In 1998, frozen french-fried potatoes ($224 million), fresh-market (largely hothouse-grown) tomatoes ($101 million), fresh potatoes and potato seed ($95 million), and processed tomato products ($30 million) were the leading imports. Like tomatoes, bell peppers ($31 million) are also largely grown in hothouses, and shipments to the United States have been rising. Mexico continued to be the leading foreign supplier of vegetables, melons, pulses, and seed to the United States in 1998. Imports from Mexico increased 22 percent to nearly $1.9 billion as both average import prices and volume increased. This was the largest increase since 1993 and was caused largely by weather-reduced domestic vegetable supplies, which raised prices and increased import demand. While the value of U.S. imports of fresh-market tomatoes from Mexico increased 10 percent to $567 million, fresh- market bell pepper imports increased 32 percent to $172 million, with most of the increase due to higher average import prices. For the first 5 months of 1999, average import prices for both crops were sharply lower and will likely result in a decline in overall annual import value. The U.S. trade surplus in potatoes increased nearly 7 percent in 1998 to $388 million after 2 years of declines due to increasing imports of frozen french fries from Canada. Total U.S. potato exports were valued at $757 million in 1998, compared with imports of $369 million. Imports of fries from Canada continued to grow, but were more than offset by increased exports of potato chips (up 52 percent in value, to $247 million) and fries (up 8 percent to $324 million). On July 19 of this year, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative announced the final list of products from the European Union (EU) on which the United States will impose 100- percent ad valorem duties. These duties took effect on July 29 and are in response to the EU's failure to comply with a World Trade Organization (WTO) finding that the EU's ban on beef produced with growth hormones is inconsistent with WTO rules. Vegetable commodities affected by the new duties include fresh dry bulb onions, fresh truffles, and dried carrots imported from 14 EU nations. In addition, prepared tomatoes (whole or in pieces) imported from France, Germany, or Italy will receive the 100- percent duty. Based on 1998 import volume, these duties affect 93 percent of fresh truffle imports, 68 percent of dried carrots, 60 percent of canned whole tomatoes, and 2 percent of fresh onion imports. With the possible exception of truffles, none of these actions should materially affect U.S. markets. The index of prices received by growers for fresh-market vegetables decreased 3 percent in 1998 as lower summer and fall-season prices outweighed higher average prices during the first half of the year. Higher prices for onions (up 10 percent) and tomatoes (up 10 percent) were outweighed by lower prices for celery (down 17 percent) and lettuce (down 14 percent). Growers received 6 percent higher prices during the first half of 1998 as record-setting precipitation in California's Salinas Valley and heavy rains, winds, and cool temperatures in Florida disrupted crop growth. In 1999, despite cool, rainy weather in California, first-half fresh vegetable prices averaged 4 percent below those of a year earlier. The index of retail prices for fresh-market vegetables (including potatoes) increased 11 percent in 1998. Increases were noted for all major items, including carrots (up 9 percent), lettuce (9 percent), tomatoes (14 percent), and potatoes (6 percent). During the first 6 months of 1999, retail prices for fresh-market vegetables averaged 5 percent below those of a year earlier. Average retail prices for processed vegetables (frozen, canned, and dried) increased 2 percent during the first 6 months, largely reflecting increased marketing costs. In 1997/98, U.S. mushroom sales rose 4 percent to 809 million pounds, led by a 12-percent jump in sales of fresh agaricus mushrooms. Fresh mushrooms accounted for 77 percent of all mushroom sales, the highest on record. Weak demand and competition from imports pulled processing mushroom sales down 16 percent to 187 million pounds. This was the smallest volume since the 1988/89 season, with the majority of the decline registered by Pennsylvania firms. Recovery in domestic processed volume is expected for 1998/99 as imports decline due to anti-dumping duties placed on China, India, Indonesia, and Chile. The Vegetables and Specialties Situation and Outlook Report is available on the Internet at the following address: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/erssor/specialty/vgs-bb/ The text is available in text or Adobe .pdf formats. The Yearbook tables can be downloaded in compressed .zip files using the above link, or the individual spreadsheets (in .wk1 format) can be downloaded using this link: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/data- sets/specialty/89011/ Other economic information about vegetables and melons can be found on the USDA, ERS web site: www.econ.ag.gov Glossary of Specialized Terms Fresh-market vegetables: Sold primarily as fresh; includes artichokes, asparagus, green lima beans, snap beans, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupes, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, cucumbers, eggplant, escarole and endive, garlic, radishes, honeydews, lettuce, onions, bell peppers, spinach, tomatoes, and watermelons. Dual-purpose vegetables: Commodities that may be sold in fresh or processing markets. Dual commodities include asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, and celery. Processing vegetables: Commodities sold primarily to processors; include (but not limited to) green lima beans, snap beans, beets, cabbage, sweet corn, cucumbers, chile peppers, green peas, spinach, and tomatoes. Shipments: Quantity of produce marketed from major production areas. Arrivals: Quantity of produce received by wholesalers and chain stores in selected cities, as shipped from major production areas. Season-average price: Average price received by the grower-packer (grower-shipper), weighted by quantity marketed. F.o.b. shipping point-price: The average, unweighted unit price received by the shipper or grower-shipper primarily for sales in carload or truckload quantities, but also including mixed loads. Marketing spread: The difference between the retail price and the grower-packer return. Grower-packer return: Price received by the grower-packer. Contract acreage: Area planted by agreement between processors and growers, generally at an agreed price and conditions, including quality. Winter season: Production period which mainly spans January to March. Spring season: Production period which mainly spans April to June. Summer season: Production period which mainly spans July to September. Fall season: Production period which mainly spans October to December. Pulses: A term used collectively for dry edible beans, dry edible peas, and lentils. Cwt: Abbreviation for hundredweight, a unit of measure equal to 100 pounds. Short ton: A unit of measure equal to 2,000 pounds. A metric ton is equal to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.62 pounds. Farm weight: The raw or unprocessed weight of a product in fresh form prior to any processing; also called fresh-weight, field-run, or orchard-run. Product weight: The weight of a product in its final packaged form. For example, the weight of the contents of a can of tomato paste. Pay weight: The weight of useable product delivered to the processing plant and paid for at the rates specified by contract. Cash receipts: The value of commodity marketings during the calendar year, irrespective of the year of production. For program crops, also includes net CCC loans (there are none for vegetables or potatoes). Value of production: The value of commodities produced during the crop year. Calculated as production times marketing-year-average price. May be equal to cash receipts when the crop year for a vegetable runs from January through December. Per capita use: A measure of commodity disappearance on a per person basis. Equal to total supply (production plus imports plus beginning stocks) less uses (exports, shrink and loss, seed use, ending stocks) divided by total U.S. population (including military). Constant 1992 dollars: Expression of value in terms of 1992 purchasing power. Frequently referred to as deflated or real dollars. Pack: The quantity of fresh or processed product placed in containers (e.g., cans). Generally refers to the output of a processing industry (e.g., frozen pack of broccoli). Carryover stocks: The quantity of product remaining in storage at the end of the crop year. Cold storage: The quantity of product in refrigerated warehouses at a point in time. Specialties: A term for commodities (limited here to vegetables) not generally considered to be mainstream. Examples include jicama, dasheen, and cassava. May also include "minor vegetables," such as okra, chile peppers, pumpkins, and tropical vegetables. C.I.F. value: (Cost, insurance, and freight). Terms of sale whereby the seller's (exporter) price includes the cost of the goods being sold and all transportation charges, including insurance expenses, to the destination point (importer). F.A.S. value: (free alongside ship). A price quotation that includes all costs of transportation and delivery of the goods to the dock alongside the ship (within reach of the ship's tackle). Dumping: The sale of a commodity in a foreign market at less than fair market value. List of Tables Industry 1. U.S. per capita use of selected, commercially produced, fresh, and processing vegetables and melons, 1970-99 2. Vegetables: U.S. cash receipts, 1970-98 Fresh Vegetables 3. Vegetables, fresh market: Harvested acreage of major vegetables, 1970-98 4. Vegetables, fresh market: Production of major vegetables, 1970-98 5. Vegetables, fresh market: Value of production of major vegetables, 1970-98 6. Fresh-market production of selected vegetables for selected States, 1980-98 7. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected shipments, 1986-98 8. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-99 9. Vegetables, fresh market, including potatoes: U.S. monthly and annual Consumer Price Index, 1971-99 10. Vegetables, fresh-market: U.S. imports of major vegetables, 1971-98 11. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1995-98 12. Vegetables, commercial: U.S. monthly and annual average grower price index, 1971-99 13. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-99 14. Vegetables, fresh market: U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-99 15. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. exports, 1970-98 16. Selected fresh vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1995-98 17. Vegetables, fresh market: Selected U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1971-99 18. Asparagus, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 19. Broccoli, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 20. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 21. Carrots, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 22. Cauliflower, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 23. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 24. Celery, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 25. Head lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 26. Lettuce, iceberg, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 27. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-99 28. Lettuce, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-99 29. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 30. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-98 31. Onions, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-99 32. Sweet corn, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 33. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and season-average f.o.b. shipping-point price, 1971-99 34. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 35. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-99 36. Tomatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-99 37. Melons, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1971-99 38. Cabbage, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 39. Cucumbers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 40. Green peppers, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price, 1971-99 Fresh and Frozen Supply and Use 41. U.S. fresh tomatoes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 42. U.S. fresh bell peppers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 43. U.S. fresh head lettuce: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 44. U.S. fresh onions: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 45. U.S. fresh sweet corn: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 46. U.S. fresh carrots: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 47. U.S. fresh broccoli: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 48. U.S. fresh cauliflower: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 49. U.S. fresh asparagus: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 50. U.S. fresh celery: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 51. U.S. fresh cucumbers: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 52. U.S. fresh cabbage: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 53. U.S. artichokes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 54. U.S. eggplant, all uses: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 55. U.S. garlic, all uses: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 56. U.S. fresh-market snap beans: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 57. U.S. fresh-market spinach: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 58. U.S. fresh-market potatoes: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 59. U.S. honeydews: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 60. U.S. cantaloupe: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 61. U.S. watermelon: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 62. U.S. asparagus for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 63. U.S. broccoli for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 64. U.S. cauliflower for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 65. U.S. green peas for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 66. U.S. snap beans for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 67. U.S. sweet corn for freezing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 68. U.S. potatoes for freezing: Supply and utilization, farm weight, 1974-99 69. U.S. tomatoes for processing: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 70. U.S. cucumbers for pickles: Supply, utilization, and price, farm weight, 1974-99 Fresh Marketing Spreads 71. Cabbage: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, December-May 1970/71-1998/99 72. Carrots: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1970-99 73. Celery: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1970-99 74. Broccoli: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1995-99 75. Lettuce, iceberg: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1970-99 76. Peppers, bell: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-99 77. Tomatoes, field-grown: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-99 78. Potatoes, fresh: U.S. retail price, marketing spread, and grower-packer return, 1971-99 79. Onions, fresh: U.S. monthly average retail price, marketing spread, and shipping-point price, 1971-97 Processing Vegetables 80. Vegetables, selected: Fresh and processing per capita utilization, 1971-99 81. Vegetables, processing: Harvested acreage for canning and freezing, 1972-98 82. Vegetables, processing: Production for canning and freezing, 1972-98 83. Vegetables, processing: Value of production for canning and freezing, 1972-98 84. Vegetables, processing: Raw product prices for canning and freezing, 1972-98 85. Vegetables, processed: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1978-99 86. Vegetables, processing: Selected U.S. per capita utilization, 1972-99 87. Vegetables, dehydrated: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1975-99 88. Vegetables, canned: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-99 89. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1970-98 90. Vegetables, canned: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1970-98 91. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1994-98 92. Selected canned vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1994-98 93. Vegetables, frozen: Pack and carryover, 1971-98 94. Vegetables, frozen: Annual pack of major vegetables, 1971-98 95. Vegetables, frozen: January 1 stocks of major vegetables, 1972-99 96. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-99 97. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. imports, by type, 1970-98 98. Vegetables, frozen: U.S. exports, by type, 1978-98 99. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. import value from selected countries and the world, 1994-98 100. Selected frozen vegetables: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1993-98 Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes 101. Potatoes: Harvested acreage, by season, 1972-99 102. Potatoes: Production, by season, 1971-99 103. Potatoes, all seasons: Production, by major State, 1971- 98 104. Potatoes: Season-average price and value of farm sales by season, 1970-97 105. Potatoes, all: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1971-99 106. Potatoes, fresh market: U.S. monthly and annual retail price index, 1971-99 107. Potatoes: frozen french fries: U.S. monthly and annual producer price index, 1971-99 108. Potatoes: U.S. monthly retail price, by product, 1976-99 109. Potatoes: Selected U.S. imports, by type, 1971-98 110. Potatoes: Selected U.S. exports, by type, 1971-98 111. Potatoes: U.S. per capita utilization, by category, 1971-99 112. Sweet potatoes: Production, by State, 1971-98 113. Sweet potatoes: U.S. acreage, yield, production, and value, 1971-99 Pulses 114. Dry edible beans: Harvested acreage, by State, 1971-99 115. Dry edible beans: Production, by class, 1970-98 116. Dry edible beans: Production, by State, 1970-98 117. Dry edible beans: Value of production, by State, 1970-98 118. Dry edible beans: Season-average wholesale price, by class, 1971-98 119. Dry edible beans: U.S. monthly and season-average grower price, 1970-99 120. Dry edible beans: U.S. imports, by class, 1970-99 121. Selected dry beans: U.S. export value to selected countries and the world, 1995-98 122. Dry edible beans: U.S. exports, by class, 1970-99 123. Dry edible beans: U.S. per capita use for selected classes, 1971-99 124. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. harvested acreage, by class, 1971-98 125. Dry peas and lentils: Yield, by class, 1971-98 126. Dry peas and lentils: Production, by class, 1971-98 127. Dry peas and lentils: Grower price, by class, 1971-98 128. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. exports, by class, 1971-98 129. Dry peas and lentils: U.S. imports, by class, 1971-98 Mushrooms 130. Mushrooms: Production, by type of sale, 1970/71-1997/98 131. Mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1970/71- 1997/98 132. Mushrooms: U.S. monthly and annual imports, 1978-99 133. Mushrooms, canned: U.S. monthly and annual exports, 1978-99 134. Mushrooms, all: U.S. per capita utilization, 1971-99 135. Specialty mushrooms: Price and value, by type of sale, 1986/87-1997/98 Specialties and World Production 136. Specialty vegetables: Fresh and processed imports, 1980-99 137. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Harvested acreage, California, 1982-97 138. Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Production, California, 1982-97 139.Specialty and minor vegetables, fresh and processed: Value of production, California, 1982-97 140. Specialty vegetables, fresh market: U.S. domestic and imported shipments, 1982-98 141. Selected vegetable production in leading countries and the world, 1990-98 END_OF_FILE