United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Ag Ch 1 (06) Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Peanuts Summary March 2006 Table of Contents Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Postharvest Chemical Use Tables. 5 Pest Management Practices Tables 7 Survey Procedures. . . . . . . .17 Estimation Procedures. . . . . .17 Reliability. . . . . . . . . . .17 Terms and Definitions. . . . . .18 Classes, Common Names, and Trade Names. . . . . . . . . .20 Survey Instrument. . . . . . . .21 Report Features. . . . . . . . .29 Postharvest Chemical Use Estimates for Peanuts Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled from the 2005 Peanut Postharvest Chemical Use Survey. The Postharvest Survey was conducted for peanuts marketed from August 1, 2004 to July 31, 2005 which covers the 2004 crop. All results refer to pesticide applications and integrated pest management at off-farm storage and processing facilities after the peanuts were harvested. On-farm postharvest applications were beyond the scope of this survey. There were 187 peanut storage and processing facility reports summarized across 33 States. The U.S. map shows the number of summarized reports by State. There were insufficient reports to publish data for Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin for chemical application rates and pest management practices. After harvest, the Federal State Inspection Service inspects the peanuts before they are moved into storage facilities or onto peanut shellers and processors. Peanut butter accounts for the largest share of all products made from peanuts. Other products include peanut snacks, peanut candy, and in-shell peanuts. Peanuts are usually marketed through local warehouses or processors. The diagram below shows the traditional postharvest marketing channels for peanuts. The totals for the All States surveyed, as well as individual State totals where data permit, are published for the percent of peanuts treated, number of applications, rate per application, rate per marketing year, and the total amount of an active ingredient applied. A table detailing total pesticide usage by class for the surveyed States is also included. The State of origin of the peanuts was not part of the survey. Operations included in the 2005 Peanut Postharvest Survey were operations that handle greater than thirty thousand pounds of peanuts annually. The States surveyed include those where peanuts are processed in addition to the major peanut producing States. Peanuts moving from a warehouse operation to a processing operation will be duplicated in the total amount handled. The intent of this survey was to obtain the entire amount of chemicals applied to the stored peanuts; therefore, this duplication in quantity handled is necessary. In addition to chemical applications, peanut storage facility operators were also asked a series of questions concerning their pest management practices. Answers to these questions are summarized and included in the report. A copy of the survey instrument used to collect the data is also included. Highlights Pesticides: Silicon dioxide and aluminum phosphide were the top two chemicals used on peanuts in 2005, based on total pounds of active ingredients applied. Silicon dioxide is used to control beetles, weevils, moths, and lice. Aluminum phosphide is used to kill insects, insect larvae, and mites. The following table lists active ingredients applied to peanuts after harvest by State. Of the 15 active ingredients reported, application rate data are provided for six at the All State level and four in Georgia. Postharvest Chemicals Applied to Peanuts by State, 2004-05 Marketing Year Active Ingredient State Aluminum phosphide AL, AR, GA, NC, OK, TX, and UT Captan NC and OK Carboxin NC and OK Dichlorvos AL, GA, and NC Fenvalerate GA Magnesium phosphide GA Methyl bromide NE Octacide-264 AL, GA, and OK PCNB NC and OK Petroleum distillate GA Piperonyl butoxide AL, GA, and OK Pyrethrins AL, GA, and OK Resmethrin AL and GA Silica gel GA and NC Silicon dioxide GA and NC Pest Management Practices: The pest management practices section of the questionnaire asked for mechanical devices or cleaning practices used at the operations surveyed. The timing for inspecting for insects and measuring temperature in the storage bins varies by the season. Therefore, the responses to these pest management questions are organized by "Spring and Summer" and "Fall and Winter." Peanuts: Postharvest Chemical Applications, Percent Treated and Total Applied, States Surveyed and U.S., 2004-05 Marketing Year 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Percent Treated and Total Applied State : Volume :----------------------------------------------------------- : Handled : Insecticide : Fungicide : Other Chemical -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 Percent 1,000 : Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. : AL : 295,756 * * CA : 70,106 GA :3,596,913 45 27.6 IL : 104,471 MA : 62,817 MN : 9,144 NJ : 12,453 NY : 50,917 NC : 653,444 * * * * OH : 7,845 OK : 254,479 * * * * PA : 17,478 TX : 246,774 * * VA : 137,205 : Oth States: 586,896 * * : All States:6,106,698 33 29.1 * * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Insufficient reports to publish data. 1/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. Peanuts: Postharvest Chemical Applications, All States, 2004-05 Marketing Year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Volume : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Treated : cations : Application : Mkt. Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per 1,000 Lbs. 1,000 Lbs : Insecticides: : Aluminum phosphide : 24 1.1 0.003 0.003 3.9 Dichlorvos : 9 1.0 0.001 0.001 0.5 Octacide-264 : 6 1.1 * * 0.1 Piperonyl butoxide : 13 1.1 0.004 0.004 3.0 Pyrethrins : 13 1.1 * * 0.3 Silicon dioxide : 11 1.0 0.031 0.031 18.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds. Peanuts: Postharvest Chemical Applications, Georgia, 2004-05 Marketing Year -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Volume : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Treated : cations :Application : Mkt. Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per 1,000 Lbs. 1,000 Lbs : Insecticides: : Aluminum phosphide : 28 1.1 0.003 0.003 3.1 Dichlorvos : 12 1.0 0.001 0.001 0.4 Piperonyl butoxide : 18 1.1 0.004 0.005 3.0 Pyrethrins : 18 1.1 * * 0.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Mechanical Devices: : : Aeration controller : 27 27 Deep bin sampler : 13 20 Phosphine pellet dispenser : 9 20 Power probe : 36 13 Re-circulation fumigation device : 9 10 Temperature cable : 13 13 : Cleaning Activities: : : Clean dump pits and transfer legs : 64 7 77 38 20 60 Control vegetation around warehouses:100 86 90 88 60 100 80 20 Hose down empty warehouse floors : 36 50 73 88 100 20 40 40 Pick up spilled peanuts, clean : surrounding areas :100 100 93 88 100 100 100 80 Sweep or vacuum empty warehouse : floors :100 100 100 88 100 100 100 40 Use residual insecticides on inner : surface of empty warehouses : 91 86 47 80 60 Use rodent traps or bait stations : 82 100 93 38 100 100 100 80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Mechanical Devices: : : Aeration controller : 14 20 9 9 Deep bin sampler : 3 Phosphine pellet dispenser : 20 9 5 Power probe : 20 5 Re-circulation fumigation device : 2 Temperature cable : 20 17 14 6 : Cleaning Activities: : : Clean dump pits and transfer legs : 86 17 40 33 73 14 42 Control vegetation around warehouses: 93 67 100 75 91 71 79 Hose down empty warehouse floors : 29 33 100 33 45 29 48 Pick up spilled peanuts, clean : surrounding areas : 93 83 100 100 91 71 89 Sweep or vacuum empty warehouse : floors : 86 42 100 92 82 71 86 Use residual insecticides on inner : surface of empty warehouses : 71 8 100 25 55 40 Use rodent traps or bait stations : 93 58 100 92 91 57 82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Descriptions of these items are included in the Terms and Definitons section of this report on pages 18 and 19. 2/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Inspected for insects: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 7 Twice a week : Weekly : Every two weeks : 20 Monthly : 3 Other : Do not monitor : Do not have structure :100 100 90 100 80 100 100 100 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 27 14 33 60 40 Twice a week : 3 40 Weekly : 18 7 10 13 20 20 Every two weeks : 25 Monthly : 9 7 20 Other : Do not monitor : 18 57 13 13 20 Do not have structure : 27 21 33 50 100 80 : Other Structures: : : Daily : Twice a week : 3 Weekly : 7 13 20 Every two weeks : 18 7 25 Monthly : 9 7 Other : Do not monitor : 9 3 13 60 Do not have structure : 64 100 73 50 80 100 100 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --continued Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer (continued) 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Inspected for insects: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 8 9 2 Twice a week : Weekly : Every two weeks : 7 1 Monthly : 1 Other : Do not monitor : 43 4 Do not have structure : 93 100 100 92 91 57 92 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 14 17 33 9 18 Twice a week : 8 20 8 18 14 6 Weekly : 21 40 8 14 11 Every two weeks : 7 2 Monthly : 14 17 8 9 6 Other : Do not monitor : 17 25 18 43 17 Do not have structure : 43 42 40 17 45 29 42 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 29 8 18 14 9 Twice a week : 20 1 Weekly : 7 20 8 9 4 Every two weeks : 9 4 Monthly : 7 20 4 Other : Do not monitor : 7 25 43 10 Do not have structure : 50 75 40 83 64 43 67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding. 2/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Inspected for insects: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 7 Twice a week : Weekly : Every two weeks : 20 Monthly : 3 Other : Do not monitor : Do not have structure :100 100 90 100 80 100 100 100 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 18 14 30 60 20 Twice a week : 9 3 40 Weekly : 18 7 13 13 20 Every two weeks : 9 25 20 Monthly : 9 7 20 Other : Do not monitor : 9 57 13 13 40 Do not have structure : 27 21 33 50 100 80 : Other Structures: : : Daily : Twice a week : 9 Weekly : 7 13 Every two weeks : 18 7 25 Monthly : 9 10 Other : Do not monitor : 3 13 60 Do not have structure : 64 100 73 50 100 100 100 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --continued Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter (continued) 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Inspected for insects: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 8 9 2 Twice a week : Weekly : Every two weeks : 1 Monthly : 1 Other : Do not monitor : 7 43 5 Do not have structure : 93 100 100 92 91 57 92 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 14 17 17 9 14 16 Twice a week : 8 17 18 5 Weekly : 14 40 17 14 11 Every two weeks : 2 Monthly : 21 17 20 8 9 7 Other : Do not monitor : 7 17 25 18 43 17 Do not have structure : 43 42 40 17 45 29 42 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 29 8 18 14 9 Twice a week : 1 Weekly : 40 8 9 4 Every two weeks : 9 4 Monthly : 14 20 5 Other : Do not monitor : 7 25 43 10 Do not have structure : 50 75 40 83 64 43 67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding. 2/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Measure Peanut Temperature: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : Twice a week : Weekly : 10 Every two weeks : Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 3 20 Do not have structure :100 100 87 100 80 100 100 100 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 30 80 40 Twice a week : 9 Weekly : 10 Every two weeks : 9 Monthly : 9 20 Other : Do not monitor : 45 86 30 50 20 40 20 Do not have structure : 27 14 30 50 100 80 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 9 10 Twice a week : Weekly : 7 Every two weeks : 3 Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 27 7 50 60 Do not have structure : 64 100 73 50 100 100 100 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --continued Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer (continued) 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Measure Peanut Temperature: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 9 1 Twice a week : Weekly : 8 2 Every two weeks : Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 7 9 29 5 Do not have structure : 93 100 100 92 82 71 92 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 7 17 40 50 18 14 18 Twice a week : 1 Weekly : 20 8 4 Every two weeks : 1 Monthly : 8 1 Other : Do not monitor : 50 33 25 45 43 35 Do not have structure : 43 42 40 17 36 43 41 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 27 6 Twice a week : Weekly : 20 8 2 Every two weeks : 1 Monthly : * Other : Do not monitor : 36 25 40 8 9 57 22 Do not have structure : 64 75 40 83 64 43 68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding. 2/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. * Less than 0.5%. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Measure Peanut Temperature: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : Twice a week : Weekly : 10 Every two weeks : Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 3 20 Do not have structure :100 100 87 100 80 100 100 100 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 30 80 Twice a week : 9 Weekly : 10 20 Every two weeks : Monthly : 18 20 Other : Do not monitor : 45 86 30 50 20 60 20 Do not have structure : 27 14 30 50 100 80 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 9 10 Twice a week : Weekly : 7 Every two weeks : 3 Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 27 7 50 60 Do not have structure : 64 100 73 50 100 100 100 40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --continued Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, 2004-05 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter (continued) 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Measure Peanut Temperature: : : Concrete Silos: : : Daily : 9 1 Twice a week : Weekly : 8 2 Every two weeks : Monthly : Other : Do not monitor : 7 9 29 5 Do not have structure : 93 100 100 92 82 71 92 : Flat Storage Warehouses: : : Daily : 7 17 40 50 18 14 17 Twice a week : 1 Weekly : 8 4 Every two weeks : Monthly : 8 2 Other : 20 1 Do not monitor : 50 33 25 45 43 35 Do not have structure : 43 42 40 17 36 43 41 : Other Structures: : : Daily : 7 27 7 Twice a week : Weekly : 8 2 Every two weeks : 1 Monthly : * Other : 20 1 Do not monitor : 43 25 40 8 9 57 23 Do not have structure : 50 75 40 83 64 43 67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding. 2/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. * Less than 0.5%. Peanuts: Pest Management Practices, Strategies Used in Determining Fumigation Schedule 2004-05 Marketing Year 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : State Practice :--------------------------------------- : AL : CA : GA : IL : MA : MN : NJ : NY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Percent : Preset Calendar Date : 15 50 Warehouse Samples : 15 50 Scheduled with other Handling : Operations : 15 Insect Trap Counts : 15 Visual Peanut Inspection : 67 25 Customer Request : 33 15 Other : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : State Practice :----------------------------------------- : NC : OH : OK : PA : TX : VA : ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Preset Calendar Date : 100 13 Warehouse Samples : 10 Scheduled with other Handling : Operations : 25 17 Insect Trap Counts : 25 10 Visual Peanut Inspection : 50 50 100 33 Customer Request : 25 25 16 Other : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Blank cells represent no data reported for the item. Survey Procedures: The population for the 2005 Peanut Postharvest Chemical Use Survey included off-farm facilities that handled peanuts during the 2004-05 marketing year. Off-farm facilities included processors, blanchers, shellers, millers, and warehouses. Operations included in the survey were operations that handle greater than thirty thousand pounds of peanuts annually. Estimation Procedures: The chemical application data, reported by product names or trade names, were reviewed within State and across States for reasonableness and consistency. The reported data were compared with manufacturers' recommendations and data from other operations using the same product. Following this review, product information was converted to active ingredient level. Chemical data in this publication are reported at the active ingredient level. Detailed data within a table may not multiply across or add down due to independent rounding of the published values. Reliability: The probability nature of the survey provides for expansion of data so estimates are statistically representative of chemical use on the targeted commodities in the surveyed States. The reliability of these survey results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are errors that occur during a survey process, and unlike sampling variability, are difficult to measure. They may be caused by interviewers failing to follow instructions, poorly worded questions, non-response, problematic survey procedures, or data handling between collection and publication. In this survey, procedures and analyses were carried out in a consistent and orderly manner to minimize the occurrence of these types of errors. Variability for estimates of volume of the commodity handled will be higher than the variability for estimates of application rates. This is because application rates have a narrower range of responses and the manufacturer's recommended rates are generally followed. Sampling variability of the estimates also differs by chemical. In general, the more often the chemical was applied, the smaller the sampling variability. For example, estimates of use of a commonly used product, such as aluminum phosphide on peanuts in Georgia, will exhibit less variability than a rarely used or reported product. Terms and Definitions Active ingredient: The specific chemical which kills or controls the target pests. Usage data are reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient. Aeration controller: An automatic (usually computer-based) system that determines the optimum running time (considering humidity and temperature) for aeration fans in the peanuts. They can usually be set for drying or storage mode. Agricultural chemicals: The active ingredients in pesticides. Application rates: The average number of pounds of a pesticide active ingredient applied to a volume of product. Rate per application is the average number of pounds applied in one application. Rate per marketing year is the average number of pounds applied counting multiple applications. Number of applications is the average number of times a treated volume receives a specific agricultural chemical. Common name: Officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active ingredient by common name. Deep bin sampler: Usually a vacuum type device that allows one to reach deeply into a peanut bin and sample peanuts that are normally out of reach to typical probe samplers. Dump pit: Place where peanuts are received at a storage operation. Fumigant: A substance or mixture of substances which produce a gas vapor, fume, or smoke intended to destroy insects, rodents, or bacteria. Marketing year: The period immediately following harvest of the crop through the marketing or disposition of the crop. The 2005 marketing year for peanuts was August 1, 2004 through July 31, 2005. Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), pesticides include any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. Phosphine pellet dispenser: Manually or automatically dispenses phosphine pellets to a stream of peanuts as they are being loaded. Postharvest: Any subsequent activity after the commodity is harvested from the field. Postharvest chemical usage refers to chemical applications after the commodity is taken from the field. Power probe: A fully integrated mechanized system for sampling stationary lots of peanuts in trucks or similar conveyance. It obtains a representative sample by inserting a probe-like device into the peanuts, opening the probe to allow peanuts to enter, closing, and then the sample is pneumatically withdrawn from the probe. Processor: Processors actually change the form of the commodity. These firms may have storage facilities as well. Protein analyzer: Usually infrared analyzers that can, within a matter of minutes, determine the composition of peanuts. Values obtained can include protein, oil, starch content, moisture content, and kernel density. Re-circulation fumigation device: A fan that is combined with PVC pipe on the outside of a peanut storage unit. The PVC runs from the top, down the sides, through the fan, and into the bottom of the peanut storage unit. Rather than probing fumigant pellets into the grain mass from the surface of the peanuts, you can use a much lower concentration of fumigant and place the pellets in the PVC pipe from outside of the peanut storage unit. Advantages include using less chemical, increased worker safety, and more uniform distribution of the gas since the fans force the fumigant throughout the peanut mass. Residual Insecticide: Insecticide or its degraded products remaining on the peanuts or surface of the storage unit. Temperature cable: Cable running from top to bottom in a storage unit that automatically measures peanut temperature and outputs this information to a central system. Total quantity treatments: Total volume handled multiplied by the percent of volume treated and the average number of applications. Trade name: Name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Some formulations, as in the case of pre-mixes, can contain more than one active ingredient. Transfer legs: The last or next to last dump from a boom or an elevator into a warehouse. Volume Handled: The volume of a commodity handled by the market segment. In this release, it is the total amount of a commodity that passed through the firms summarized in the particular table. Volume treated: The percentage of the volume handled which received one or more applications of a specific agricultural chemical. Classes, Common Names, and Trade Names The following is a list of Classes, Common Names, and Trade Names of active ingredients in this publication. The classes are insecticides (I) and fungicides (F). This list is provided as an aid in reviewing the data. Pre-mixes are not cataloged. The list may not be complete for all postharvest chemicals available for use on peanuts. NASS does not promote use of any specific trade name. Class Common Name Trade Name I Aluminum phosphide Phostoxin, Gastoxin, Fumiphos, Weevilcide F Captan Vitavax F Carboxin Vitavax I Dichlorvos DDVP I Fenvalerate F-V-S Fogger I Magnesium phosphide Magtoxin I Methyl bromide Methyl bromide I Octacide-264 CB Total Release,BP-100 ULD, F-V-S Fogger, Pro Control, Entech Fog-10 F PCNB Vitavax I Petroleum distillate Pyrenone I Piperonyl butoxide Pyrenone, CB Total Release, BP-100 ULD, F-V-S Fogger, Pro Control, Entech Fog-10 I Pyrethrins Pyrenone, CB Total Release, BP-100 ULD, F-V-S Fogger, Pro Control, Entech Fog-10 I Resmethrin Resmethrin I Silica gel Protect-it I Silicon dioxide Protect-it, Diatomaceous Earth Insecticide Report Features Released March 29, 2006, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Chemical Usage" call (202) 720-6146, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. The next "Agricultural Chemical Usage: Postharvest Applications" will be released during the spring of 2007. This report will cover the use of postharvest chemicals on oats and potatoes during the 2005-06 marketing year. Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Liana Cuffman, Environmental Statistician (202) 690-0392 Mark R. Miller, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section (202) 720-0684 Linda Hutton, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch (202) 720-6146 ACCESS TO REPORTS!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and go to the NASS Home Page at: www.nass.usda.gov. E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your e-mail address. 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