United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Chemical Usage 1997 Restricted Use Pesticides Summary December 1998 National Agricultural Statistics Service Economic Research Service Ag Ch 1(98) 1997 Agricultural Chemical Use Estimates for Restricted Use Pesticides Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled from the Agricultural Resources Management Survey and the Fruit Chemical Use Survey which were conducted during the fall of 1997. All results refer to on-farm use of restricted use pesticides on the targeted field crops and fruit crops for the 1997 crop year. Data were collected late in the growing season or after the farm operator had indicated that planned applications were completed. NASS enumerators personally interviewed farm operators or managers to obtain information on chemical applications made on sampled farm operations. The table below shows survey coverage for 1997 for fruit and for 1996 and 1997 for field crops. Fruit surveys are conducted every odd number year. In the table are statistics on the number of States surveyed, the number of reports summarized, and for the individual field crops, the percent of the U.S. crop acres accounted for in the surveyed States. As determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a restricted use pesticide is a pesticide which is available for purchase and use only by certified pesticide applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for the uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification. This group of pesticides is not available for use by the general public because of the very high toxicities and/or environmental hazards associated with these materials. However, an active ingredient may be restricted for one crop but not for another. This report shows only those active ingredients which are restricted for each specific crop, based on the "Restricted Use Product (RUP) Report, August 1998" published by the EPA. Agricultural Chemical Use Survey Coverage Field and Fruit Crops, 1996 and 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 :------------------------------------------------------------- Crop : States : Reports :US Acreage: States : Reports :US Acreage :Surveyed:Summarized: Included :Surveyed:Summarized: Included -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- Number --- Percent --- Number --- Percent : Corn : 16 3,921 88 10 1,688 77 Cotton, Upland : 7 1,136 83 12 1,137 96 Potatoes, Fall : 5 470 63 7 633 79 Soybeans : 12 2,839 79 19 2,530 93 Wheat, Winter : 10 825 72 14 1,427 84 Wheat, Durum : 1 98 83 1 118 83 Wheat, Oth. Spr. : 3 248 82 4 298 93 Fruit Crops : NA NA NA 11 4,279 NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highlights Field Crops: The 1997 chemical use survey program for field crops includes corn, fall potatoes, upland cotton, soybeans, and winter, durum and other spring wheat. States surveyed account for 77 to 96 percent of the U.S. acreage for these crops. The herbicide atrazine was the most widely used restricted use herbicide on any crop, with 69 percent of the corn acres reported as being treated. Other restricted use herbicides applied on more than 20 percent of planted acres were acetochlor on corn and EPTC on potatoes. A wide range of restricted use insecticides were reported. Several restricted use insecticides were reported on cotton but only aldicarb and lambdacyhalothrin were used on more than 15 percent of the planted acres. The survey indicates a broad use of insecticides on potatoes. Carbofuran, methamidophos, and phorate were used on over 20 percent of the acres planted to potatoes and esfenvalerate was used on 11 percent of the acreage. The fungicide, triphenyltin hydroxide, was applied to 31 percent of the potato acres planted. Dichloropropene was used for soil fumigation on 5 percent of the potato acreage, while sulfuric acid was used to kill vines to facilitate harvest on 14 percent of the acreage. Metam-sodium was used on 18 percent of the potato acreage as a soil fumigant. There were no reported applications of restricted use pesticides on durum wheat. Fruit Crops: Growers in 11 states were surveyed to obtain chemical use data on selected fruit crops in 1997. The data on applications cover the period immediately following harvest of the 1996 crop through harvest of the 1997 crop. Only a few different restricted use herbicides were applied to fruit crops. Paraquat was used on 26 percent of the acres for apples and 30 percent or more of the acres for blackberries, nectarines, plums, raspberries, and tart cherries. Several of the restricted use insecticides were utilized extensively. Azinphos- methyl was applied to 82 percent of the apple acreage. Ethion was used on 98 percent of lime acres. Other restricted use insecticides applied to more than 40 percent of planted acres were azinphos-methyl on blueberries, pears, sweet cherries, and tart cherries; methyl parathion on plums; bifenthrin and diazinon on raspberries; and abamectin on grapefruit, lemons, limes, pears, tangelos, and temples. Chlorothalonil was the most widely used restricted use fungicide and was applied to 86 percent of the tart cherries acres. Other restricted use pesticides included strychnine, zinc phosphide, chloropicrin, and methyl bromide. There were insufficient reports to publish data for restricted use pesticides for kiwi fruit and no restricted use pesticides were reported on dates and figs. Corn: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : Acetochlor : 24 1.0 1.90 1.90 28,158 Alachlor : 4 1.0 1.80 1.80 4,576 Atrazine : 69 1.1 1.01 1.09 47,155 Cyanazine : 14 1.0 1.87 1.94 16,490 Paraquat : 1 1.0 0.56 0.56 381 : Insecticides: : Carbofuran : 2 1.0 1.03 1.03 1,504 Chlorethoxyfos : 2 1.0 0.16 0.16 186 Cyfluthrin : 1 1.0 0.006 0.006 5 Fonofos : * 1.0 1.02 1.02 213 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 1 1.0 0.02 0.02 13 Methyl parathion : 4 1.3 0.51 0.65 1,517 Permethrin : 5 1.0 0.10 0.11 313 Phorate : 1 1.0 1.20 1.20 444 Tefluthrin : 7 1.0 0.12 0.12 522 Terbufos : 4 1.2 1.14 1.35 3,200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Applied on less than one percent of the acres. 1/ Planted acres in 1997 for the 10 States surveyed were 62.2 million acres. States included are IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, MO, NE, OH, SD, and WI. Fall Potatoes: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : EPTC : 31 1.0 3.18 3.28 971 : Insecticides: : Aldicarb : 10 1.0 2.79 2.79 255 Azinphos-methyl : 8 1.1 0.48 0.52 39 Carbofuran : 23 1.1 0.86 0.93 198 Disulfoton : 2 1.0 2.44 2.44 52 Esfenvalerate : 11 1.2 0.04 0.04 4 Ethoprop : 5 1.0 4.82 4.86 222 Fonofos : 4 1.0 2.94 2.94 123 Methamidophos : 36 1.5 0.81 1.20 410 Permethrin : 4 1.3 0.09 0.12 5 Phorate : 23 1.0 2.62 2.66 584 : Fungicides: : Triphenyltin hydrox. : 31 2.2 0.13 0.28 83 : Other Chemicals: : Dichloropropene : 5 1.0 164.48 164.48 8,073 Metam-sodium : 18 1.0 118.63 118.63 20,249 Paraquat : 2 1.3 0.47 0.62 12 Sulfuric acid : 14 1.0 255.34 267.58 34,559 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acres in 1997 for the 7 States surveyed were 943,500 acres. States included are ID, ME, MN, ND, OR, WA, and WI. Other Spring Wheat: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : Picloram : 6 1.0 0.02 0.02 18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acres in 1997 for the 4 States surveyed were 18.1 million acres. States included are MN, MT, ND, and SD. Soybeans: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : Alachlor : 3 1.0 2.36 2.36 4,500 Imazaquin : 13 1.1 0.08 0.09 751 Paraquat : 2 1.0 0.53 0.54 612 : Insecticides: : Lambda-cyhalothrin : * 1.0 0.02 0.02 5 Methyl parathion : 1 1.4 0.50 0.71 293 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Applied on less than one percent of the acres. 1/ Planted acres in 1997 for the 19 States surveyed were 66.2 million acres. States included are AR, DE, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NC, OH, PA, SD, TN, and WI. Upland Cotton: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : Cyanazine : 18 1.3 0.72 0.95 2,202 : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 4 1.1 0.007 0.008 4 Aldicarb : 27 1.0 0.66 0.68 2,428 Azinphos-methyl : 5 2.0 0.23 0.46 293 Carbofuran : 3 1.0 0.31 0.32 113 Cyfluthrin : 13 1.7 0.03 0.05 92 Cypermethrin : 8 1.7 0.08 0.14 137 Deltamethrin : 3 1.9 0.003 0.007 3 Dicrotophos : 8 1.7 0.21 0.35 377 Disulfoton : 4 1.0 0.60 0.61 282 Esfenvalerate : 4 2.0 0.03 0.07 34 Fenpropathrin : 1 1.1 0.17 0.19 13 Lambda-cyhalothrin : 18 1.9 0.03 0.05 131 Methamidophos : 1 1.4 0.11 0.16 11 Methomyl : 2 1.7 0.28 0.46 103 Methyl parathion : 13 2.7 0.45 1.22 1,996 Oxamyl : 15 1.6 0.21 0.33 648 Phorate : 7 1.0 0.73 0.73 667 Profenofos : 4 1.6 0.62 0.98 558 Tralomethrin : 2 2.1 0.02 0.04 11 : Other Chemicals: : Paraquat : 24 1.1 0.29 0.30 940 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Planted acres in 1997 for the 12 States surveyed were 13.1 million acres. States included are AL, AZ, AR, CA, GA, LA, MS, MO, NC, SC, TN, and TX. Winter Wheat: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 Lbs : Herbicides: : Diclofop-methyl : 1 1.0 0.81 0.81 177 : Insecticides: : Chlorpyrifos : 2 1.3 0.43 0.55 289 Methyl parathion : 2 1.1 0.38 0.40 228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Harvested acres in 1997 for the 14 States surveyed were 35.1 million acres. States included are CO, ID, IL, KS, MO, MT, NE, OH, OK, OR, PA, SD, TX, and WA. Apples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 26 1.5 0.74 1.14 105.8 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 82 3.2 0.76 2.44 699.7 Clofentezine : 13 1.1 0.16 0.18 8.3 Esfenvalerate : 16 1.9 0.03 0.07 3.8 Methidathion : 2 1.2 0.69 0.85 5.9 Methomyl : 18 1.9 0.62 1.15 72.9 Methyl parathion : 30 2.2 1.22 2.69 279.6 Oxamyl : 18 1.2 0.45 0.53 33.7 Permethrin : 6 1.2 0.13 0.17 3.6 Phosphamidon : 1 1.4 0.60 0.87 3.5 : Other Chemicals: : Strychnine : 2 1.6 0.01 0.02 0.1 Zinc phosphide : 1 1.6 0.05 0.08 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 10 States surveyed were 350,800 acres. States included are CA, GA, MI, NJ, NY, NC, OR, PA, SC and WA. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Apricots: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Esfenvalerate : 11 1.4 0.05 0.07 0.1 Methidathion : 7 1.3 1.37 1.81 2.5 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 6 1.2 2.99 3.67 4.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 20,300 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Avocados: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Permethrin : 8 1.6 0.15 0.24 1.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 2 States surveyed were 62,500 acres. States included are CA and FL. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non- bearing acres. Blackberries: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, Oregon, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 38 1.4 0.36 0.52 1.1 Simazine : 41 1.1 1.68 1.85 4.1 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 19 1.1 0.37 0.41 0.4 Diazinon : 15 1.0 1.32 1.35 1.1 Esfenvalerate : 33 1.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for Oregon were 5,510 acres. Blueberries: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 9 1.3 0.49 0.63 1.9 Simazine : 20 1.2 1.66 1.94 13.4 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 51 1.7 0.51 0.87 15.2 Diazinon : 10 1.3 0.78 1.02 3.5 Esfenvalerate : 4 1.4 0.04 0.06 0.1 Methomyl : 33 1.6 0.56 0.88 10.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 5 States surveyed were 34,200 acres. States included are GA, MI, NJ, NC and OR. Grapefruit: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 3 1.4 0.38 0.52 2.2 : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 57 1.3 0.009 0.01 1.1 Aldicarb : 7 1.0 3.70 3.70 41.3 Diflubenzuron : 4 2.7 0.35 0.95 6.4 Ethion : 29 1.1 2.66 2.92 133.0 Methidathion : 2 1.0 0.91 0.92 3.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 2 States surveyed were 159,000 acres. States included are CA and FL. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Grapes: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 16 1.4 0.51 0.73 105.3 Simazine : 25 1.1 1.33 1.46 319.6 Trifluralin : 1 1.1 1.64 1.81 20.0 : Insecticides: : Carbofuran : 4 1.0 2.96 3.03 99.8 Diazinon : 1 1.5 0.74 1.10 5.3 Fenamiphos : 3 1.1 1.51 1.60 37.4 Fenbutatin-oxide : 1 1.1 0.89 0.95 12.2 Methomyl : 7 1.2 0.64 0.77 45.4 Methyl parathion : 1 1.5 0.70 1.09 13.6 : Other Chemicals: : Strychnine : 1 1.3 0.007 0.009 0.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 6 States surveyed were 893,600 acres. States included are CA, MI, NY, OR, PA and WA. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Lemons: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 50 1.5 0.01 0.02 0.4 Fenamiphos : 3 1.3 6.63 8.60 13.9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 49,000 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Limes: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, Florida, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Abamectin 2/ : 95 1.2 0.003 0.004 Ethion : 98 1.5 2.12 3.11 6.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for Florida were 2,100 acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 pounds. Nectarines: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 32 1.7 0.55 0.93 11.2 : Insecticides: : Clofentezine : 15 1.1 0.13 0.14 0.8 Esfenvalerate : 20 1.3 0.04 0.05 0.4 Methidathion : 28 1.1 1.93 2.10 22.1 Methomyl : 37 1.4 0.80 1.12 15.7 Methyl parathion : 34 1.3 1.44 1.83 23.7 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 13 1.5 2.90 4.44 22.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 38,000 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Olives: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 11 1.9 0.47 0.88 3.7 : Insecticides: : Methidathion : 2 1.2 2.38 2.80 2.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 37,400 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Oranges: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 28 1.4 0.008 0.01 2.5 Aldicarb : 5 1.0 3.23 3.23 133.0 Cyfluthrin : 13 1.7 0.10 0.17 17.8 Diflubenzuron : 2 1.2 0.37 0.45 7.8 Ethion : 11 1.2 2.44 3.00 275.5 Fenamiphos : 5 1.0 1.40 1.41 59.1 Methidathion : 1 1.3 3.26 4.31 47.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 2 States surveyed were 832,900 acres. States included are CA and FL. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Peaches: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 24 1.4 0.57 0.82 26.6 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 17 6.1 0.43 2.66 61.3 Clofentezine : 5 1.3 0.13 0.17 1.2 Esfenvalerate : 36 1.8 0.04 0.07 3.3 Methidathion : 11 1.1 1.84 2.09 29.9 Methomyl : 8 2.4 0.46 1.10 12.5 Methyl parathion : 37 2.8 0.66 1.85 92.1 Permethrin : 20 2.3 0.17 0.40 10.7 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 13 2.7 1.57 4.25 75.0 : Other Chemicals: : Methyl bromide : 1 1.0 424.35 424.35 423.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 9 States surveyed were 135,900 acres. States included are CA, GA, MI, NJ, NY, NC, PA, SC and WA. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Pears: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 12 1.8 0.70 1.26 10.3 : Insecticides: : Amitraz : 4 1.5 0.94 1.41 3.9 Azinphos-methyl : 77 2.6 1.01 2.64 138.6 Clofentezine : 12 1.4 0.11 0.14 1.1 Esfenvalerate : 28 1.6 0.06 0.09 1.7 Methidathion : 3 1.1 1.92 2.03 3.5 Methomyl : 1 1.2 0.76 0.89 0.7 Methyl parathion : 16 2.0 1.29 2.53 27.6 Permethrin : 2 1.4 0.26 0.37 0.5 : Other Chemicals: : Zinc phosphide : 2 1.0 0.12 0.12 0.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 5 States surveyed were 67,900 acres. States included are CA, NY, OR, PA and WA. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Plums: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 39 1.2 0.74 0.90 15.6 : Insecticides: : Esfenvalerate : 20 1.1 0.04 0.04 0.4 Methidathion : 20 1.1 2.13 2.39 21.2 Methyl parathion : 44 1.1 1.45 1.62 31.1 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 5 1.3 2.87 3.69 8.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 44,000 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Prunes: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, California, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 9 1.5 0.40 0.61 5.6 : Insecticides: : Esfenvalerate : 20 1.3 0.05 0.06 1.2 Methidathion : 8 1.3 1.53 1.93 14.7 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 4 1.1 3.13 3.44 15.1 : Other Chemicals: : Chloropicrin : 1 1.5 7.37 10.76 11.9 Methyl bromide : 3 1.0 500.43 500.43 1,395.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Total acres in 1997 for California were 100,500 acres. Acreage includes both bearing and non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non-bearing acres. Raspberries: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 73 1.1 0.36 0.41 3.9 Simazine : 48 1.1 0.85 0.91 5.7 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 5 1.0 0.48 0.48 0.3 Diazinon : 55 1.3 1.18 1.58 11.6 Esfenvalerate : 24 1.0 0.06 0.06 0.2 Fenamphos : 11 1.0 2.84 2.91 4.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 2 States surveyed were 13,200 acres. States included are OR and WA. Sweet Cherries: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 18 1.5 0.55 0.82 7.0 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 42 1.9 0.70 1.30 26.0 Clofentezine : 5 1.1 0.12 0.14 0.3 Esfenvalerate : 18 2.0 0.04 0.08 0.7 Methyl parathion : 3 1.7 0.48 0.84 1.2 Permethrin : 6 1.6 0.10 0.17 0.5 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 11 1.3 2.52 3.37 18.1 : Other Chemicals: : Strychnine 2/ : 2 1.2 0.03 0.04 Zinc phosphide : 2 1.0 0.15 0.15 0.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 4 States surveyed were 48,000 acres. States included are CA, MI, OR and WA. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non- bearing acres. 2/ Total applied is less than 50 pounds. Tangelos: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, Florida, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 5 1.9 0.35 0.66 0.4 : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 79 2.4 0.009 0.02 0.2 Diflubenzuron : 9 1.2 0.32 0.37 0.5 Ethion : 16 1.2 2.70 3.12 6.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for Florida were 13,300 acres. Tangerines: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 4 1.8 0.34 0.61 0.9 : Insecticides: : Diflubenzuron : 3 1.2 0.31 0.36 0.4 Ethion : 8 1.1 2.14 2.35 7.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 2 States surveyed were 38,700 acres. States included are CA and FL. Acreage in California includes non-bearing acres. Applications of some active ingredients may refer only to non- bearing acres. Tart Cherries: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, States Surveyed, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Herbicides: : Paraquat : 30 1.1 0.66 0.70 6.8 : Insecticides: : Azinphos-methyl : 72 2.6 0.55 1.46 34.0 Esfenvalerate : 36 1.6 0.03 0.05 0.6 Methyl parathion : 22 2.3 0.61 1.38 9.8 Permethrin : 14 1.3 0.12 0.16 0.7 : Fungicides: : Chlorothalonil : 86 2.0 1.88 3.73 103.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for the 4 States surveyed were 32,400 acres. States included are MI, NY, OR and PA. Temples: Agricultural Chemical Applications, Restricted Use Pesticides, Florida, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural : Area : Appli- : Rate per : Rate per : Total Chemical : Applied : cations : Application : Crop Year : Applied -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent Number Pounds per Acre 1,000 lbs : Insecticides: : Abamectin : 58 2.7 0.009 0.02 0.1 Diflubenzuron : 9 1.0 0.32 0.32 0.2 Ethion : 10 1.1 2.65 3.00 2.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Bearing acres in 1997 for Florida were 6,700 acres. Estimation Procedures: The chemical applications data, reported by product name or trade name are reviewed within state and across states for reasonableness and consistency. This review compares reported data with manufacturer's recommendations and with data from other farm operators using the same product. Following this review, product information are converted to an active ingredient level. The restricted chemical usage estimates in this publication consist of survey estimates of those active ingredients. Estimates of the total amount of active ingredient applied are based on the acreage estimates published in the annual NASS report "Crop Production - 1997 Summary" [Cr Pr 2-1(98)] for corn, soybeans, wheat, and potatoes. The estimates of cotton acreage were revised and published in the monthly NASS report "Crop Production" [Cr Pr 2-2(5-98)] released on May 12, 1998. Estimates of the total amount of active ingredient applied are based on the acreage estimates published in the annual NASS reports "Citrus Fruits - 1997 Summary" [Fr Nt 7] released on September 23, 1997 and "Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts - 1997 Summary" [Fr Nt 1-3(98)] released on July 7, 1998. The estimates for total amount applied will not be revised even if there are subsequent revisions to acreage for a given crop. Detailed data within a table may not multiply across or add down due to independent rounding of the published values. Terms and Definitions Active ingredient: The active ingredient is the specific chemical which kills or controls the target pests. Usage data are reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient. A single method of conversion has been chosen for active ingredients having more than one way of being converted. For example in this report, copper compounds are expressed in their metallic copper equivalent, and others such as 2,4-D and glyphosate are expressed in their acid equivalent. Agricultural chemicals: The phrase agricultural chemicals refers to the active ingredients in fertilizers and pesticides. Application Rates: The application rates refer to the average number of pounds of a fertilizer primary nutrient or pesticide active ingredient applied to an acre of land. Rate per acre is the average number of pounds applied in one application. Rate per crop year is the average number of pounds applied counting multiple applications. Number of applications is the average number of times a treated acre receives a specific agricultural chemical. Area applied: The area that represents the percentage of crop acres receiving one or more applications of a specific agricultural chemical. This report does not contain acre treatments. However, acre treatments can be calculated by multiplying the acres planted by the percent of area applied and the average number of applications. Common name: The common name is an officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active ingredient by common name. Crop year: A crop year refers to the period immediately following harvest for the previous crop through harvest of the current crop. Fertilizer: The term fertilizer refers to applications of the primary nutrients, nitrogen, phosphate, and potash. Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), pesticides include any substance or mixture of sub- stances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. The four classes of pesticides presented in this report and the pests targeted are: herbicides - weeds, insecticides - insects, fungicides - fungi, and other chemicals - other forms of life. Miticides and nematicides are included as insecticides while soil fumigants, growth regulators, defoliants, and desiccants are included as other chemicals. This report excludes pesticides used for seed treatments, for spot treatments, and for postharvest applications to the commodity. Trade name: A trademark name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Some formulations as in the case of pre-mixes, can contain more than one active ingredient. Trade Name, Common Name, and Pesticide Class The following is a list of the common name, associated class and trade name of active ingredients in this publication. The classes are herbicides (H), insecticides (I), fungicides (F), and other chemicals (O). This list is provided as an aid in reviewing pesticide data. Pre-mixes are not cataloged. The list is not complete for all pesticides used on field crops and NASS does not mean to imply the use of any specific trade name. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class: Common Name : Trade Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I abamectin Agri-Mek, Zephyr, Avid H acetochlor Harness, Topnotch H alachlor Lasso I aldicarb Temik I amitraz Ovasyn H atrazine AAtrex I azinphos-methyl Guthion I bifenthrin Capture I carbofuran Furadan I clofentezine Apollo I chlorethoxyfos Fortress O chloropicrin several F chlorothalonil Bravo I chlorpyrifos Lorsban, Dursban H cyanazine Bladex I cyfluthrin Baythroid -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Class: Common Name : Trade Name -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I cypermethrin Ammo, Cymbush I deltamethrin Decis I diazinon several O dichloropropene Telone H diclofop-methyl Hoelon I dicrotophos Bidrin H diflubenzuron Dimilin I disulfoton Di-Syston H EPTC Eptam, Eradicane, Genep I esfenvalerate Asana I ethion Ethion I ethoprop Mocap I fenamiphos Nemacur I fenbutatin-oxide Vendex I fenpropathrin Danitol I fonofos Dyfonate H imazaquin Scepter I lambda-cyhalothrin Karate, Warrior O metam-sodium Vapam I methamidophos Monitor I methidathion Supracide I methomyl Lannate O methyl bromide several I mehyl parathion several I oxamyl Vydate H,O paraquat Gramoxone, Cyclone, Starfire I permethrin Ambush, Pounce I phorate Thimet I phosphamidon phosphamidon H picloram Tordon I profenofos Curacron H simazine Princep O strychine several O sulfuric acid sulfuric acid I tefluthrin Force I terbufos Counter I tralomethrin Scout H trifluralin Treflan, Trilin, Trific F triphenyltin hydroxide several O Zinc phosphide several -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Page Field Crop Tables Corn .......................................................... 3 Cotton, Upland ................................................ 6 Potatoes, Fall ................................................ 4 Soybeans ...................................................... 5 Wheat, Other Spring ........................................... 5 Wheat, Winter ................................................. 6 Fruit Crop Tables Apples ........................................................ 7 Apricots ...................................................... 8 Avocados ...................................................... 8 Blackberries................................................... 9 Blueberries .................................................. 9 Grapefruit .................................................... 10 Grapes ........................................................ 10 Lemons ........................................................ 11 Limes ......................................................... 11 Nectarines .................................................... 12 Olives ........................................................ 12 Oranges ....................................................... 13 Peaches ....................................................... 13 Pears ......................................................... 14 Plums ......................................................... 15 Prunes ........................................................ 15 Raspberries ................................................... 16 Sweet Cherries ................................................ 16 Tangelos ...................................................... 17 Tangerines .................................................... 17 Tart Cherries ................................................. 18 Temples ....................................................... 18 Estimation Procedures ........................................... 19 Highlights ...................................................... 2 Overview ........................................................ 1 Report Features ................................................. 23 Terms and Definitions ........................................... 19 Trade Names, Common Names, and Classes .......... ............... 20 Report Features The next "Agricultural Chemical Usage" report will be released March 18, 1999. This report will cover agricultural chemical use for postharvest applications on corn and wheat in off farm storage facilities. The next annual summary of restricted use pesticides will be released on October 5, 1999. This report will cover the use of restricted agricultural chemicals for 1998 on field crops and vegetables for the major states. Listed below are persons within the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. James A. Ewing, Environmental Statistician (202) 690-2284 Glenn Strasburg, Environmental Statistician (202) 720-7492 C. Ray Halley, Chief, Crops Branch (202) 720-2127 Bill Dowdy, Head, Field Crops Section (202) 720-3843 Dean Groskurth, Head, Fruits, Vegetable and Special Crops Section (202) 720-3843 Listed below is the contact within the Economic Research Service for additional information. Robert Reinsel, Data and Survey Coordinator Resource Economic Division (202) 694-5506 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ACCESS TO REPORTS!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and go to the NASS Home Page at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/. Select "Today's Reports" or Publications and then Reports by Calendar or Publications and then Search, by Title or Subject. E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your e-mail address. Send an e-mail message to: usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu. In the body of the message type the word: list. AUTOFAX ACCESS NASSFax service is available for some reports from your fax machine. Please call 202-720-2000, using the handset attached to your fax. Respond to the voice prompts. Document 0411 is a list of available reports. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada) Other areas, please call 703-834-0125 FAX: 703-834-0110 (Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSISTANCE For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov.