HDR1012000120010131961500Agricultural Prices HDR2012000120010131961500Agricultural Rec.&Paid Released January 31, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Prices" call (202) 720-5446, office hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV. January Prices Received Index Up 2 Points The All Farm Products Index of Prices Received in January was 110 based on 1990-92=100, up 2 points (1.9 percent) from December. Price gains from December for lettuce, corn, soybeans, and broilers more than offset price declines for cattle, hogs, cottonseed, and turkeys. The seasonal changes in the mix of commodities farmers sell also can affect the overall index level, but these changes were essentially offsetting in January. Higher relative seasonal marketings of corn, soybeans, and cattle offset the effect of relatively lower seasonal marketings of cotton, tobacco, milk, and grapes. Compared with January 1995, the All Farm Products Index was 12 points (12 percent) higher. Higher year-over-year prices for corn, soybeans, wheat, and milk more than offset lower prices for cattle, calves, cotton, and several vegetable items. Prices Paid Index Unchanged The Index of Prices Paid by Farmers for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates for January was 111 percent of its 1990-92 average. The index was unchanged from October 1995 but 3 points (2.8 percent) above January last year. Since October, price increases for feed, fertilizer, and farm machinery were offset by lower prices for livestock purchases, notably feeder cattle. Index Summary Table ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1994 : 1995 : 1996 Index :----------------------------------------------------- 1990-92=100 : Dec : Jan : Dec : Jan ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Prices Received : 99 : 98 : 108 : 110 : : : : Prices Paid : 2/106 : 108 : 3/111 : 111 : : : : Ratio 1/ : 93 : 91 : 97 : 99 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Ratio of index of prices received by farmers to index of prices paid. 2/ October 1994 prices paid index brought forward. 3/ October 1995 prices paid index brought forward. Notice to Data Users!!!!! Beginning in February 1996, the National Agricultural Statistics Service will publish indexes of prices paid monthly rather than quarterly in the "Agricultural Prices" report. Pr 1 (1-96) Prices Received by Farmers The All Farm Products Index was 110 in January, up 1.9 percent from December and 12 percent from January 1995. All Crops: The all crops index, at 125, was 5.9 percent higher than December corn, and soybeans more than offset small declines for wheat and cotton. Feed Grains & Hay: month and 41 percent from January 1995. Prices were higher for all feed grains. The January corn price averaged $3.21 per bushel, the highest since July 1984. The January sorghum price averaged $5.87 per cwt, a record high. Strong export demand continues to support feed grain prices, along with higher projected U.S. feed and residual use. Oil-Bearing Crops: sunflowers, and peanuts offset lower prices for cottonseed. Soybean prices averaged $6.95 per bushel, up 19 cents from the previous month and the highest since June 1989. Lower estimates of the 1995 U.S. production, dry weather concerns in South America, higher estimates of domestic meal use, and good export demand are supporting prices. Food Grains: The January index was 157, down 2.5 percent from the previous both wheat and rice. The January wheat price averaged $4.81 per bushel, down 7 cents from December but still $1.12 above January 1995. Fruit & Nuts: The January index, at 93, declined 1.1 percent from the previous slightly lower in January, but held above a year ago due to lower storage supplies coupled with an excellent export market. Orange marketings shifted to the higher priced California crop, resulting in a higher U.S. January price, even though California prices fell from December to January. Commercial Vegetables: The January index of 129 was 39 percent above December broccoli, lettuce, onions, snap beans, and sweet corn more than offset lower prices for carrots, cauliflower, celery, and tomatoes. Contributing most to the monthly index increase was higher prices for lettuce reflecting a seasonal shortfall in Arizona supplies. Ample supplies of tomatoes placed downward pressure on prices. Livestock & Products: The January index, at 93, was down 3.1 percent from price declines for cattle, hogs, and turkeys more than offset a gain in the broiler price. Meat Animals: The January meat animals index, at 82, was down 2.4 percent from price, at $41.70 per cwt, decreased $1.80 from December but was $4.80 above the previous year. January beef cattle prices dropped to $59.20, $1.40 below a month earlier and $8.30 below January a year ago. Record red meat supplies are projected for 1996. Poultry & Eggs: The January poultry and eggs index, at 118, was unchanged from last month but up 17 percent from January 1995. Declines in turkey and egg prices from the previous month were offset by an increase in the price of broilers. Market egg prices were down 2 percent from December 1995, but up 40 percent from January a year ago. The blizzard that hit the Northeast and mid-Atlantic region in early January kept egg prices up in eastern markets and resulted in only a slight drop from the normally seasonal high prices in December. The adverse weather also kept broiler prices strong in the East as demand increased and production efforts were slowed. Index Numbers of Prices Received by Farmers, United States, January 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14=100 : 1990-92=100 1/ :------------------------------------------------------ Index : : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 :Average:---------------------------------------------- :1990-92: Jan : Dec : Jan : Jan : Dec : Jan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Farm Products : 639 622 *686 697 98 *108 110 : All Crops : 500 506 *584 615 103 *118 125 Food Grains : 325 382 *511 498 120 *161 157 Feed Grains & Hay : 363 347 *470 491 97 *131 137 Cotton : 517 665 *646 642 130 126 125 Tobacco : 1263 1630 1604 1617 108 106 107 Oil-Bearing Crops : 554 534 *653 674 98 *119 123 Fruit & Nuts : 716 503 *654 648 72 *94 93 Commercial Vegetables : 698 792 *623 864 118 93 129 Potatoes & Dry Beans : 540 466 *548 548 92 108 108 Other Crops : 493 525 525 532 106 106 108 : Livestock & Products : 768 712 *738 716 93 96 93 Meat Animals : 1021 906 *854 829 89 84 82 Dairy Products : 799 774 854 854 96 106 106 Poultry & Eggs : 282 285 331 332 101 118 118 : Food Commodities : 95 *103 104 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ 1990-92=100 reference replaced 1977=100 in January 1995. Selected Index Numbers for Prices Received and Paid by Farmers, 1990-92=100, by Months, United States, 1995 and 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Index of Prices Received : Index of Prices Paid :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Livestock : : Month : All Farm : All : and : All : Production : Products : Crops : Products : Items : Items :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan : 98 110 103 125 93 93 108 111 107 111 Feb : 97 101 94 108 107 Mar : 99 107 93 108 107 Apr : 99 113 90 108 107 May : 101 117 88 108 107 Jun : 100 113 90 108 107 Jul : 101 114 91 108 107 Aug : 102 114 92 108 107 Sep : 105 115 93 108 107 Oct : 104 114 92 111 110 Nov : 106 117 94 111 110 Dec : 108 118 96 111 110 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received by Farmers, United States, January 1996, with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Jan : Dec : Jan : : : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Field Crops : : : : Barley, All : Bu : 2.12 2.05 3.15 3.23 Feed : Bu : 1.90 1.83 2.94 3.02 Malting : Bu : 2.43 2.30 3.32 3.42 Beans, Dry Edible : Cwt : 19.10 22.30 20.60 20.20 Corn : Bu : 2.30 2.19 3.07 3.21 Cotton, Upland : Lb : .606 .787 .764 .759 Cottonseed : Ton : 96.00 95.00 116.00 98.00 : : Flaxseed : Bu : 4.27 4.76 5.03 5.20 Hay, All, Baled 1/ : Ton : 76.30 83.60 81.40 81.70 Alfalfa 1/ : Ton : 77.20 89.00 85.80 87.80 Other 1/ : Ton : 60.00 68.30 68.10 64.40 Oats : Bu : 1.22 1.22 1.91 1.93 Peanuts, In-Shell : Lb : .304 .283 .293 Potatoes : Cwt : 5.82 4.88 6.31 6.35 : : Rice, Rough : Cwt : 7.07 6.83 9.36 9.27 Sorghum Grain : Cwt : 3.75 3.64 5.64 5.87 Soybeans : Bu : 5.61 5.47 6.76 6.95 Sunflower 2/ : Cwt : 9.50 10.50 10.90 10.70 Tobacco : Lb : 1.740 1.875 1.845 1.860 : : Wheat, All : Bu : 2.96 3.69 4.88 4.81 Winter : Bu : 2.93 3.67 4.88 4.80 Durum : Bu : 2.86 4.61 5.80 5.74 Other Spring : Bu : 3.11 3.50 4.72 4.65 Hard Red : Bu : 2.95 3.55 4.82 Soft Red : Bu : 2.87 3.67 4.67 White : Bu : 3.24 3.86 4.84 : : Fruit : : : : Citrus-Equiv on-tree : : Grapefruit : Box : 5.77 1.61 2.20 2.22 Lemons : Box : 10.10 3.66 1.68 1.43 Limes : Box : 10.15 10.80 9.46 28.37 Oranges : Box : 5.79 3.21 3.39 3.63 Tangelos : Box : 5.82 1.36 4.68 5.33 Tangerines : Box : 15.11 15.76 12.85 13.39 Temples : Box : 6.23 2.78 6.18 : : Non-citrus : : Apples, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .212 .202 .259 .258 Grapes, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 506.00 870.00 Peaches, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .216 Pears, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 370.00 274.00 361.00 306.00 Strawberries, Fresh: Lb : .560 1.31 1.44 1.16 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Mid-month price. 2/ KS, MN, ND and SD average. 3/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (pears only) and WA (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states. -- continued Prices Received by Farmers, United States, January 1996, with Comparisons (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Jan : Dec : Jan : : : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Vegetables, Fresh 1/ : : : : Asparagus : Cwt : 79.80 150.00 Broccoli : Cwt : 22.50 27.80 26.90 42.50 Cantaloupes : Cwt : Carrots : Cwt : 13.20 19.20 15.40 12.80 Cauliflower : Cwt : 26.80 32.00 34.10 31.90 Celery : Cwt : 11.60 24.40 11.40 8.00 Corn, Sweet : Cwt : 15.70 25.00 24.80 37.90 Cucumbers 2/ : Cwt : 44.70 13.60 26.80 Lettuce : Cwt : 11.90 13.40 11.60 26.70 Onions : Cwt : 12.80 12.10 9.80 11.60 Snap Beans 2/ : Cwt : 44.80 53.40 70.90 Tomatoes : Cwt : 32.30 41.60 24.90 21.40 : : Livestock : : : : Calves : Cwt : 94.30 85.00 63.30 59.80 Cattle, All Beef : Cwt : 72.90 67.50 60.60 59.20 Cows : Cwt : 49.60 38.80 30.50 32.10 Steers & Heifers : Cwt : 77.10 71.50 64.70 63.00 Milk Cows 3/ : Head : 1130.00 1150.00 1060.00 : : Hogs, All : Cwt : 47.70 36.90 43.50 41.70 Barrows & Gilts : Cwt : 48.40 37.70 44.30 42.40 Sows : Cwt : 39.50 24.80 31.60 31.40 : : Lambs : Cwt : 56.20 67.50 76.60 Sheep : Cwt : 23.40 32.80 26.10 : : Dairy and Poultry : : : : Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 13.06 12.60 13.90 5/13.90 Fluid Grade : Cwt : 13.10 12.70 14.00 5/13.90 Mfg Grade : Cwt : 11.80 11.40 13.00 5/12.80 : : Broilers, Live 6/ : Lb : .317 .326 .363 .374 Eggs, All 7/ : Doz : .643 .620 .810 .798 Market 7/8/ : Doz : .546 .505 .718 .702 Turkeys, Live 6/7/ : Lb : .380 .393 .440 .409 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted for Seasonal : : Variation : : Eggs, All : Doz : .545 .574 .771 .760 Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 9.71 12.48 13.63 13.90 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ F.O.B. shipping point. 2/ Monthly estimates began January 1995. 3/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for Jan, Apr, Jul, and Oct. 4/ Before deductions for hauling and government witholding, but includes bulk tank, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 5/ Fat test percent: all milk 3.80, fluid milk 3.80, mfg grade 3.90. 6/ Equivalent liveweight returns to producers for most States. 7/ Mid-month price. 8/ Includes eggs sold retail by the producer. Wheat: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Winter Wheat : Durum Wheat : Oth Spring Wheat State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Bushel : AZ : AR : 3/ 4/ 3/ 4/ CA : 3/ 4/ 3/ 4/ 4/ 4/ CO : 4.87 4.76 4.88 4.76 4.46 4.81 GA : 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ ID : 4.54 4.62 4.54 4.75 4.54 4.45 IL : 4.56 4.50 4.56 4.50 IN : 4.81 4.75 4.81 4.75 KS : 5.01 4.95 5.01 4.95 MI : 4.41 4.40 4.41 4.40 MN : 4.81 4.84 3/ 4/ 4.93 5.20 4.81 4.84 MO : 4.56 4.45 4.56 4.45 MT : 4.57 4.54 4.68 4.60 5.73 5.80 4.51 4.50 NE : 4.76 4.70 4.76 4.70 ND : 5.07 5.00 4.48 4.50 5.81 5.75 4.78 4.70 OH : 4.70 4.65 4.70 4.65 OK : 4.98 4.89 4.98 4.89 OR : 5.05 5.02 5.05 5.02 SD : 4.76 4.70 4.59 4.54 5.30 5.20 4.90 4.82 TX : 4.86 4.91 4.86 4.91 WA : 5.03 4.87 5.02 4.84 5.12 5.05 : US : 4.88 4.81 4.88 4.80 5.80 5.74 4.72 4.65 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. 4/ Sales volume insufficient to establish a price. Prices Received for Selected Agricultural Commodities, by Months, United States, 1995 and 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Corn : Soybeans :Beef Cattle 1/: All Hogs Month:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 :1996 2/:1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- Dollars per Bushel --------- ---- Dollars per Cwt ----- : Jan : 3.69 4.81 2.19 3.21 5.47 6.95 67.50 59.20 36.90 41.70 Feb : 3.61 2.23 5.40 68.70 39.10 Mar : 3.52 2.30 5.51 66.90 37.80 Apr : 3.48 2.36 5.55 63.80 35.70 May : 3.67 2.42 5.56 60.80 37.20 Jun : 3.84 2.51 5.68 60.90 42.30 Jul : 4.11 2.63 5.90 59.50 46.20 Aug : 4.26 2.63 5.84 59.40 48.60 Sep : 4.53 2.69 5.99 59.10 48.30 Oct : 4.73 2.78 6.15 58.80 45.60 Nov : 4.82 2.87 6.39 60.70 39.90 Dec : 4.88 3.07 6.76 60.60 43.50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows, steers and heifers. 2/ Current month prices are mid-month; prices for previous months are for the entire month. Grains: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Barley 1/ : Corn : Oats : Soybeans : Sorghum Grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Dec 2/:Jan 3/:Dec 2/:Jan 3/:Dec 2/:Jan 3/:Dec 2/:Jan 3/: Dec 2/: Jan 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------------- Dollars per Bushel ---------------- Dollars per Cwt : AL : AR : 7.24 7.34 6.20 6.00 CA : 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ CO : 3.02 3.02 3.23 3.42 5.29 5.65 GA : 3.79 3.87 6.79 7.04 ID : 3.27 3.34 IL : 3.09 3.20 1.78 1.70 6.83 7.00 IN : 3.33 3.45 1.95 6.98 7.15 IA : 2.96 3.10 2.06 1.78 6.61 6.80 KS : 3.28 3.42 6.99 7.06 5.59 5.85 KY : 3.23 3.40 6.90 7.10 LA : 6.92 7.40 MI : 2.97 3.10 2.59 2.20 6.68 6.90 MN : 2.72 2.82 2.79 2.98 1.80 1.85 6.41 6.61 MS : 6.78 7.27 MO : 3.23 3.45 6.84 7.00 5.46 5.70 MT : 3.05 3.13 NE : 2.95 3.10 2.27 2.30 6.55 6.70 5.31 5.60 NM : 5.85 6.00 NY : 1.59 1.75 NC : 3.59 3.82 6.61 6.90 ND : 3.25 3.28 1.77 1.85 OH : 3.15 3.40 1.89 2.05 6.97 7.25 OK : 5.73 6.01 OR : 3.36 3.40 2.15 2.22 PA : 3.68 3.77 2.03 2.18 SC : 6.85 7.05 SD : 2.96 3.00 2.89 3.08 2.06 2.04 6.15 6.64 TN : 7.13 7.35 TX : 3.43 3.70 6.08 6.21 UT : 3.22 3.25 WA : 3.38 3.35 WI : 2.88 2.95 1.71 1.85 WY : 3.15 3.08 : US : 3.15 3.23 3.07 3.21 1.91 1.93 6.76 6.95 5.64 5.87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The Three-State (MN, ND and SD) Feed Barley price for January 1996 is $2.75. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. Malting and Feed Barley: Prices Received Selected States, December and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Malting Barley : Feed Barley State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dec : Jan : Dec : Jan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Bushel : ID : 3.37 3.44 3.17 3.23 MN : 2.96 3.10 2.65 2.74 MT : 3.27 3.40 2.89 2.95 ND : 3.40 3.45 2.71 2.75 SD : 1/ 1/ 2.65 2.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. Field Crops: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dry Edible : : : : : Beans : Sunflower : Flaxseed : Tobacco : Peanuts 4/5/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Dec 1/:Jan 2/:Dec 1/:Jan 2/:Dec 1/:Jan 2/:Dec 1/:Jan 3/: Dec 1/: Jan 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- Dollars per Cwt ---- Dollars per Bu --- Dollars per Pound --- : AL : .310 .338 CA : 33.80 34.10 CO : 15.30 15.30 FL : 7/ 7/ GA : .283 .234 ID : 17.50 17.60 IN : 1.850 1.865 KS : 7/ 7/ KY : 1.850 1.865 MD : MI : 18.90 18.00 MN : 20.20 21.50 11.70 11.80 MO : 1.805 1.850 NE : 22.20 22.40 NC : 1.850 1.860 .276 .306 ND : 15.40 14.90 11.20 10.80 5.01 5.20 OH : 1.850 1.865 OK : SC : SD : 10.20 10.10 5.12 5.18 TN : 1.850 1.860 TX : .297 6/ VA : 1.795 1.855 .263 .289 WA : 25.00 19.90 WV : 1.850 1.880 : US : 20.60 20.20 10.90 10.70 5.03 5.20 1.845 1.860 .283 .293 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Based on sales through first half of month. 4/ In-shell. 5/ Includes additional loan peanuts at loan value. 6/ Sales volume insufficient to establish a state price, but all sales included in U.S. price. 7/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. Tobacco: Prices Received, by Area and Type, January 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Jan : Dec : Jan Class by Type : Type : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars Per Pound Fire-cured : : VA Belt : 21 : 1.540 1.650 1.650 Eastern District : 22 : 2.275 Western District : 23 : 2.255 KY-TN Fire-cured : 22-23 : 2.265 Total Fire-cured : 21-23 : 2.260 1.650 1.650 Light Air-cured : : Burley : 31 : 1.835 1.850 1.870 Total light air- cured : 31-32 : 1.835 1.850 1.870 Dark Air-cured : : One Sucker Belt : 35 : 1.580 1.820 1.755 Green River Belt : 36 : 1.700 1.790 1.790 KY-TN Dark Air-cured : 35-36 : 1.620 1.815 1.770 Sun cured -Belt : VA : 37 : 1.600 1.570 1.570 Total Dark Air-cured : 35-37 : 1.620 1.815 1.770 : : US : 11-37 : 1.875 1.845 1.860 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Crops and Apples: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : January : Cotton, Upland :------------------------------------------------- State : : Cotton- : Hay, Baled 3/ : Apples :-------------------: seed :----------------------------: Fresh : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : : All : Alfalfa : Other : Use 1/4/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound -------- Dollars per Ton ------- Dol/Lb : AL : .748 .723 88.00 AZ : .797 .766 95.00 98.00 77.00 AR : .724 .719 109.00 64.00 118.00 58.00 CA : .851 .839 110.00 120.00 70.00 .409 CO : 89.00 90.00 80.00 GA : .759 .765 91.00 ID : 82.00 84.00 59.00 IL : 92.00 96.00 68.00 IN : 78.00 84.00 67.00 IA : 83.00 85.00 68.00 KS : 76.00 78.00 57.00 KY : 60.00 80.00 54.00 LA : .716 .726 MI : 64.00 65.00 55.00 .160 MN : 84.00 93.00 49.00 MS : .718 .724 104.00 MO : 67.00 100.00 60.00 MT : 63.00 65.00 55.00 NE : 60.00 62.00 48.00 NV : 102.00 102.00 100.00 NM : 118.00 121.00 94.00 NY : 93.00 104.00 76.00 .179 ND : 45.00 48.00 32.00 OH : 90.00 110.00 65.00 .245 OK : 80.00 93.00 60.00 OR : 102.00 105.00 76.00 PA : 98.00 110.00 89.00 .190 SD : 57.00 59.00 43.00 TN : .734 .727 TX : .747 .746 117.00 66.00 112.00 63.00 UT : 62.00 63.00 45.00 VA : .182 WA : 94.00 92.00 126.00 .274 WI : 61.00 63.00 50.00 WY : 69.00 69.00 64.00 : US : .764 .759 98.00 81.70 87.80 64.40 .258 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on sales during the first half of the month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY, and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. 5/ Sales volume insufficient to establish a price. Upland Cotton and Rice: Prices Received and Marketings, United States, January 1996, with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : Unit : Nov 1995 1/ : Dec 1995 1/ : Jan 1996 2/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Cotton, Upland : : Average Price : Dollars/Pound : .756 .764 .759 Marketings 3/ : 1,000 Bales : 2677 2451 NA : : Rice : : Average Price : Dollars/Cwt : 9.12 9.36 9.27 Marketings 4/ : 1,000 Cwt : 12951 12503 NA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on purchases for the first half of the month. 3/ Expanded data from sample of about 56 percent of buyers. 4/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. Citrus Fruit: Prices and Equivalent Returns, by Utilization,by States and United States, January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Equivalent Returns Commodity, : F.O.B. :----------------------------------------------- State : Packed : Packinghouse-door : On-tree and Area : Fresh :----------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh :Process ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Box 1/ Grapefruit 2/ : AZ : 10.50 4.93 5.06 -0.23 2.99 3.12 -2.17 CA : 11.30 4.88 5.86 -0.23 2.94 3.92 -2.17 FL : 12.20 3.86 5.74 1.80 1.36 3.48 -0.96 White Seedless : 14.30 4.36 7.80 2.70 1.76 5.53 -0.05 Colored Seedless: 11.50 3.57 5.10 0.55 1.13 2.85 -2.26 Other : 0.00 3.00 0.00 3.00 0.73 0.00 0.73 TX : 13.50 6.38 8.06 1.76 5.39 7.06 0.81 : CA-AZ : 10.90 4.90 5.50 -0.23 2.96 3.56 -2.17 : US : 12.50 4.40 6.36 1.79 2.22 4.45 -0.73 : Lemons : AZ : 18.30 5.56 9.86 1.14 1.92 6.22 -2.50 CA : 19.40 4.42 10.96 1.14 0.78 7.32 -2.50 : US : 18.70 5.07 10.22 1.14 1.43 6.58 -2.50 : Limes : FL : 50.00 34.00 40.40 2.00 28.37 34.60 -2.80 : Oranges : AZ : 15.30 7.50 9.12 -0.44 5.45 7.07 -2.49 Navel and Misc : 15.30 7.50 9.12 -0.44 5.45 7.07 -2.49 CA : 14.30 6.50 8.12 -0.44 4.45 6.07 -2.49 Navel and Misc : 14.30 6.50 8.12 -0.44 4.45 6.07 -2.49 FL : 13.00 5.53 6.90 5.50 3.53 4.95 3.50 Early and Mids : 13.00 5.53 6.90 5.50 3.53 4.95 3.50 TX : 13.50 7.10 7.93 3.01 5.95 6.77 1.90 Early and Mids : 13.50 7.10 7.93 3.01 5.95 6.77 1.90 : CA-AZ : Navel and Misc : 14.30 6.53 8.15 -0.44 4.48 6.10 -2.49 : US : 13.90 5.62 7.83 5.41 3.63 5.92 3.41 : Tangelos : FL : 18.00 7.34 12.40 5.30 5.33 10.50 3.25 : Tangerines : AZ : 23.10 15.84 17.28 0.00 13.98 15.25 0.00 CA : 17.20 9.16 11.38 0.00 7.53 9.35 0.00 FL : 30.50 16.48 24.20 5.30 13.72 21.60 2.30 : US : 27.10 15.86 20.96 4.74 13.39 18.59 2.06 : Temples : FL : 15.00 8.14 9.50 6.00 6.18 7.60 3.95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Approximate net contents per box are as follows: Grapefruit - AZ and CA 67 lbs; FL, 85 lbs; TX, 80 lbs; Lemons - 76 lbs; Oranges - AZ and CA, 75 lbs; FL, 90 lbs; TX 85 lbs; Limes - 88 lbs; Tangelos - 90 lbs; Tangerines - AZ and CA, 75 lbs; FL, 95 lbs; Temples - 90 lbs. 2/ Desert Valley no longer reported separately. Potatoes: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : :: : : State : Dec : Jan :: State : Dec : Jan : : :: : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt :: : Dollars per Cwt : :: : AL : :: NC : AZ : :: ND - All 1/ : 5.05 4.85 CA - All : 12.50 12.20 :: - Fresh 2/ : 6.10 NA - Winter : 20.10 18.60 :: - Processing : 4.50 NA - Spring : :: OH : 7.05 7.85 - Summer : :: OR : 7.00 6.95 - Fall : 10.90 10.90 :: PA : 7.60 7.90 CO - All 1/ : 5.50 6.10 :: TX : - Fresh 2/ : 6.10 NA :: VA : FL : :: WA - All : 6.85 6.25 ID - All 1/ : 5.95 6.25 :: - Processing : 5.20 NA - Fresh 2/ : 6.50 NA :: WI - All 1/ : 6.05 6.20 - Processing : 5.70 NA :: - Fresh 2/ : 6.60 NA ME : 6.05 6.25 :: - Processing : 5.60 NA MI : 7.00 7.15 :: : MN : 4.95 4.80 :: US - All 1/ : 6.31 6.35 NY : 7.15 7.25 :: - Fresh 2/ : 7.56 NA : :: - Processing : 5.37 NA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Average price of potatoes sold for all uses, including table stock, processing, seed and livestock feed. 2/ Fresh market prices only, includes table stock prices. Cattle: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cows 1/ : Steers & Heifers: Beef Cattle 4/ : Calves State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dec 2/ : Jan 3/ : Dec 2/ : Jan 3/ : Dec 2/ : Jan 3/ : Dec 2/ : Jan 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : AZ : 31.50 33.00 60.00 58.00 56.90 54.30 61.00 59.00 AR : 32.00 32.50 57.20 53.10 45.10 43.20 49.20 43.70 CA : 29.00 31.50 53.00 52.00 42.20 42.20 63.00 62.50 CO : 31.60 33.50 65.50 63.20 62.80 60.80 65.40 62.90 FL : 29.80 33.00 48.60 48.00 34.20 37.50 58.90 58.50 GA : 29.20 32.40 46.60 45.20 34.40 36.90 52.90 49.00 ID : 31.20 31.20 60.40 57.50 52.20 50.40 56.10 55.50 IL : 32.20 32.50 65.20 64.20 64.60 63.60 93.00 92.00 IA : 30.20 31.60 66.30 64.50 59.10 57.90 58.00 56.70 KS : 32.50 32.70 65.20 64.10 64.20 62.80 61.00 58.00 KY : 30.00 31.00 52.00 49.00 46.70 44.70 50.00 47.00 LA : 29.80 31.00 48.80 47.00 35.90 35.80 53.70 49.00 MI : 33.20 35.00 56.80 55.00 52.10 51.00 58.00 54.00 MN : 32.00 32.90 59.70 57.70 57.20 55.50 62.60 60.00 MO : 29.20 31.30 57.70 54.90 49.70 48.30 57.00 54.70 MT : 32.10 32.50 62.30 58.50 54.10 51.50 63.80 61.00 NE : 29.90 30.50 67.40 66.20 66.10 65.10 69.70 68.70 NM : 33.20 33.20 54.40 52.50 44.90 44.40 54.70 50.60 ND : 30.50 32.00 59.80 58.00 48.40 51.50 61.10 60.60 OH : 26.50 27.00 62.10 62.00 58.50 58.50 53.40 51.00 OK : 29.20 30.70 61.70 57.10 55.20 51.80 58.40 58.20 OR : 31.00 32.00 54.00 53.00 47.10 46.70 58.50 58.00 PA : 32.10 32.80 63.70 63.20 55.50 55.30 78.50 77.50 SD : 34.50 36.50 62.00 57.90 52.80 53.60 64.90 61.50 TN : 28.20 28.60 50.90 48.70 41.80 40.70 51.60 49.00 TX : 27.20 29.90 63.30 60.50 60.40 58.10 58.60 55.60 VA : 27.80 29.00 51.50 50.00 41.30 41.00 50.10 49.00 WI : 31.20 32.90 59.90 56.30 43.30 42.70 100.00 94.00 WY : 34.60 35.50 63.90 61.00 54.80 55.90 67.00 64.50 : US : 30.50 32.10 64.70 63.00 60.60 59.20 63.30 59.80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ "Cows" and "steers and heifers" combined. Hogs: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Sows : Barrows and Gilts : All Hogs State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ : Dec 1/ : Jan 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : GA : 31.50 33.00 41.90 40.80 40.90 40.00 IL : 30.60 30.30 43.30 41.50 42.30 40.60 IN : 32.60 30.90 43.80 41.00 42.60 39.90 IA : 32.80 32.70 44.60 42.90 44.10 42.50 KS : 33.00 32.90 43.50 41.00 42.20 40.00 KY : 32.00 33.00 43.00 42.00 42.60 41.60 MI : 26.50 28.10 44.80 43.00 43.70 42.10 MN : 32.40 32.20 45.40 43.40 44.80 42.80 MO : 31.00 31.60 43.30 41.20 41.90 40.10 NE : 33.20 31.20 46.00 44.50 45.70 44.20 NC : 33.30 34.50 44.50 42.50 44.40 42.40 OH : 29.60 33.00 45.10 43.00 44.10 42.40 PA : 32.50 31.00 43.00 42.10 41.40 40.40 SC : 33.60 32.10 40.30 39.60 39.90 39.20 SD : 31.50 31.40 45.00 42.90 43.70 41.40 TN : 33.30 32.50 41.80 38.90 41.00 38.30 TX : 27.40 28.50 40.40 38.70 37.80 36.70 VA : 30.90 30.50 44.50 42.50 44.20 42.30 WI : 28.00 28.70 43.00 41.10 41.10 39.50 : US : 31.60 31.40 44.30 42.40 43.50 41.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month 2/ Mid-month. Sheep and Poultry: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December : January :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Sheep : Lambs : Turkeys : Broilers: Eggs : 1/ : 1/ : 2/3/ : 1/4/ : 2/5/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : --------- Dollars per Cwt --------- Dollars per Pound Dol/Doz : AL : .375 .710 AZ : AR : .43 .380 .760 CA : 27.00 78.50 .48 .360 .650 CO : 26.40 78.50 CT : 1.300 DE : .395 FL : .610 GA : .370 .667 ID : 22.20 68.60 IN : .40 .680 IA : 23.50 73.00 .41 .648 KS : 22.50 80.00 ME : 1.230 MD : .395 MI : .740 MN : 20.30 72.90 .40 .610 MS : .370 .747 MO : .40 .706 MT : 24.60 80.20 NE : 25.80 69.70 NM : 29.80 79.50 NY : .881 NC : .39 .360 .739 OH : 27.80 75.50 .642 OR : 21.00 73.00 PA : .40 .370 .580 SC : .714 SD : 27.00 77.10 TX : 34.30 74.40 .390 .790 UT : 22.00 73.00 VA : .41 .370 WA : .808 WY : 25.90 79.20 : US : 26.10 76.60 .409 .374 .702 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. Mid-month prices discontinued January 1996. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ IN, IA, MN and PA are actual liveweight prices. All other State prices are equivalent liveweight returns to producers (see footnote 4 for formula). 4/ Equivalent liveweight returns to producers. Derived from ready-to-cook (RTC) prices using the following formula: (RTC price minus processing cost) * (dressing percentage) = equivalent liveweight price. 5/ Market (table) eggs. Includes eggs sold retail by the producer. Milk and Milk Cows: Prices Received, by States, December 1995 and January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December : January :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Fluid Grade : Manufacturing : All Milk : All Milk : : Milk 1/ : Grade Milk : 2/ : 2/3/ : Milk :---------------------------------------------------------------:Cows 4/ : Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Head : AL : 15.00 3.65 15.00 3.65 15.30 3.65 1050 AR : 15.20 3.75 14.40 4.58 15.20 3.76 15.60 3.73 1030 CA : 12.80 3.80 12.40 4.17 12.79 3.81 12.60 3.82 1190 CO : 13.90 3.68 13.90 3.68 13.80 3.65 1110 FL : 16.60 3.65 16.60 3.65 16.70 3.60 1110 GA : 15.60 3.73 15.60 3.73 15.90 3.72 1080 ID : 13.30 3.76 13.70 4.00 13.30 3.78 13.30 3.73 1050 IL : 13.90 3.88 13.50 3.43 13.90 3.85 13.90 3.77 1090 IN : 14.00 3.91 12.00 3.96 13.90 3.91 14.00 3.93 1050 IA : 13.50 3.89 13.20 3.99 13.50 3.90 13.20 3.86 1030 KS : 13.50 3.84 12.30 3.91 13.50 3.84 13.40 3.81 1030 KY : 14.50 3.79 11.20 3.61 14.40 3.79 14.70 3.82 1000 LA : 14.90 3.57 14.90 3.57 15.00 3.52 1030 MD : 14.40 3.90 14.40 3.90 14.60 3.90 1130 MI : 14.10 3.87 12.90 3.87 14.10 3.87 14.40 3.85 1060 MN : 14.40 3.85 13.05 3.89 14.24 3.85 13.90 3.82 980 MS : 14.60 3.64 14.60 3.64 14.80 3.70 995 MO : 14.50 3.81 12.90 4.01 14.40 3.82 14.30 3.81 920 NE : 13.40 3.90 13.00 4.00 13.30 3.92 13.20 3.86 1030 NM : 12.80 3.71 12.80 3.71 12.80 3.70 1190 NY : 14.10 3.80 14.10 3.80 14.20 3.78 1010 NC : 15.00 3.79 13.10 4.21 15.00 3.79 15.20 3.81 1080 ND : 13.80 3.86 12.60 3.90 13.30 3.88 13.20 3.82 920 OH : 14.20 3.91 11.80 3.97 14.00 3.92 14.10 3.87 1050 OK : 14.80 3.81 14.80 3.81 14.50 3.77 980 OR : 13.30 3.73 12.20 4.05 13.30 3.73 13.40 3.75 1080 PA : 14.70 3.85 12.80 3.98 14.70 3.85 14.50 3.83 1070 TN : 14.70 3.80 11.90 3.91 14.60 3.80 14.70 3.78 1000 TX : 14.10 3.74 14.10 3.74 14.00 3.72 1110 UT : 13.30 3.75 13.10 3.81 13.30 3.76 13.40 3.77 1000 VT : 14.40 3.83 14.40 3.83 14.50 3.82 1050 VA : 14.20 3.77 11.10 3.85 14.20 3.77 14.50 3.70 1130 WA : 13.20 3.73 13.20 3.73 13.40 3.75 1120 WI : 14.38 3.90 13.55 3.98 14.31 3.91 13.80 3.86 1030 : US : 14.00 3.82 13.00 3.95 13.90 3.82 13.90 3.80 1060 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Including surplus diverted to manufacturing. 2/ Before deductions for hauling and government withholding. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 3/ Preliminary. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices published Jan, Apr, Jul and Oct. Parity Price Equivalent for Manufacturing Milk 1/: United States, December 1995 and January 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Jan 1995 : Dec 1995 : Jan 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity Equivalent.........Dol per Cwt : 24.77 25.23 25.50 Average Price F.O.B.......Dol per Cwt : 11.40 13.00 2/12.80 Average Fat Test of Milk..Percent : 3.87 3.95 2/3.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The parity price equivalent during 1996 is 91.4 percent of the parity price of all milk sold to plants, unchanged from 1995. For additional details, see "parity price equivalent for manufacturing grade milk" in this issue. 2/ Preliminary. United States Parity Prices for Farm Products and Average Prices Received as Percent of Parity Prices Based on Data for January 1996, with Comparisons 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity Prices :Prices as Percent :Adjusted: Based on Data for : of Parity Commodity and Unit : Base :------------------------------------------ : Prices : Jan : Dec : Jan : Jan : Dec : Jan : : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995: 1995: 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- Dollars ---------- ---- Percents ---- Basic Commodities : All Wheat, Bu : .618 8.54 8.69 8.98 43 56 54 Rice, Cwt : 1.70 23.90 24.30 24.70 29 39 38 Corn, Bu : .411 5.78 5.89 5.97 38 52 54 Cotton, Lb : American Upland : .114 1.58 1.61 1.66 50 47 46 Extra Long Staple : .152 2.05 2.09 2.21 Peanuts, Lb : .0444 .613 .624 .645 42 45 45 Tobacco, By Type, Lb : Flue-Cured 11-14 : .251 3.52 3.58 3.65 VA Fire-Cured, 21 : .230 3.16 3.21 3.34 49 51 49 KY-TN Fire-Cured, 22-23 : .298 4.08 4.14 4.33 Burley, 31 : .260 3.60 3.67 3.78 51 50 49 Maryland, 32 : .218 3.03 3.10 3.17 Dark Air-Cured, 35-36 : .247 3.38 3.43 3.59 48 53 49 Sun-Cured, 37 : .206 2.77 2.82 2.99 58 56 53 PA Seedleaf, 41 : .161 2.21 2.22 2.34 Cigar Filler & Binder, : 42-44, 54-55 : .198 2.77 2.82 2.88 Puerto Rican Filler, 46 : .173 2.42 2.46 2.51 Cigar Binder, 51-52 : .373 4.81 4.89 5.42 : Designated Nonbasic : All Milk, Sold to : Plants, Per Cwt : 1.92 27.10 27.60 27.90 2/46 2/49 2/50 Honey, Extracted, Lb : 3/.0812 1.17 1.15 1.18 : Wool and Mohair : Wool, Lb : .282 3.87 4.01 4.10 Mohair, Lb : .708 10.00 10.10 10.30 : Other Nonbasic : Barley, Bu : .373 5.17 5.26 5.42 40 60 60 Cottonseed, Ton : 14.90 203.00 206.00 216.00 47 56 45 Dry Edible Beans, Cwt : 3.26 45.30 46.10 47.40 49 45 43 Flaxseed, Bu : .740 10.60 10.80 10.80 45 47 48 Oats, Bu : .229 3.21 3.27 3.33 38 58 58 Potatoes, Cwt : .865 11.60 11.80 12.60 42 53 50 Rye, Bu : .281 3.83 3.88 4.08 Sorghum Grain, Cwt : .642 8.93 9.09 9.33 41 62 63 Soybeans, Bu : .886 12.40 12.60 12.90 44 54 54 Sweetpotatoes, Cwt : 1.35 19.00 19.30 19.60 Apples, Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0286 .387 .394 .416 52 66 62 Citrus (equiv on-tree),box: Grapefruit : .671 9.96 10.10 9.75 22 22 23 Lemons : 1.23 16.30 16.60 17.90 30 10 8 Limes (FL) : 1.41 20.40 20.80 20.50 39 48 138 Oranges : .824 12.40 12.60 12.00 25 27 30 Tangerines : 1.94 27.40 27.90 28.20 63 46 47 Temples (FL) : .674 10.30 10.40 9.79 43 63 Beef Cattle, Cwt : 10.10 141.00 144.00 147.00 48 42 40 Calves, Cwt : 13.00 180.00 183.00 189.00 47 35 32 Hogs, Cwt : 6.89 97.40 99.10 100.00 38 44 42 Lambs, Cwt : 10.20 142.00 145.00 148.00 48 53 Sheep, Cwt : 4.09 56.60 57.70 59.40 58 45 16 Eggs, Doz : .0931 1.30 1.32 1.35 2/44 2/58 2/56 Turkeys, Live, Lb : .0586 .838 .853 .851 47 52 48 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Parity Prices Based on Data for January 1996, United States 1/ (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity : Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity Commodities : Prices : Prices : Commodities : Prices : Prices ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : : Dollars : : : Field Crops and : :Noncitrus Fruit : Misc Commodities : : Pears, Ton : Hops, Lb : .245 3.56 : Fresh 5/ : 49.90 725.00 Tobacco, Lb : : Dried, CA 7/ : 133.00 1930.00 Type 61 : 2.71 39.40 : Plums, CA, Ton : : : Fresh, Equiv : Noncitrus Fruit : : on-Tree : 58.20 846.00 Apples, Ton 7/ : : Prunes, Dried, : Processing : 18.00 262.00 : CA, Ton 7/ : 133.00 1930.00 Apricots, Ton : : Prunes and Plums,: Fresh 8/ : 161.00 2340.00 : Excl CA, Ton : Dried, CA : 310.00 4500.00 : Fresh 10/ : 55.90 812.00 Avocados, Ton 8/ : 171.00 2480.00 : Processing 7/ : Cherries : : Excl Dried : 18.90 275.00 Sweet, Ton : 140.00 2030.00 : : Tart, Lb : .0294 .427 :Tree Nuts 11/ : Cranberry, Bbl 6/: 7.10 103.00 : Almonds, Lb : .212 3.08 Dates, CA, Ton 8/: 137.00 1990.00 : Hazelnuts, Ton : 117.00 1700.00 Grapes, Ton : : Walnuts, Ton : 164.00 2380.00 Raisin Variety : 135.00 1960.00 : : Other, Dried : 49.90 725.00 :Vegetables, Cwt 12/: Nectarines : : Fresh : Fresh, Calif, : : Carrots 9/ : 1.67 24.30 Ton 8/ : 62.30 905.00 : Cauliflower 9/ : 4.11 59.70 Olives, CA : : Celery 9/ : 1.89 27.50 Canning, Ton 6/: 95.00 1380.00 : Honeydew Melons : 2.38 34.60 Peaches : : Lettuce : 2.14 31.10 Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0406 .590 : Onions 9/ : 1.80 26.20 Dried, CA, : : Tomatoes : 4.38 63.60 Ton : 137.00 1990.00 : : Processing 6/ : : : Excl Dried : : : Clingstone, : : : CA, Ton : 30.70 446.00 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January and July Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Average local market price, excluding incentive payments. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (except peaches), and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 7/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 8/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 9/ Includes some processing. 10/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 11/ Prices in-shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 12/ F.O.B. shipping point prices. Cotton, Upland: Twelve-Month Average Price and Monthly Marketings, U.S., January - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Month : Marketings 1/ : Average Price 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : (000) Bales Dollars per Pound : January : 2,058 0.787 February : 1,097 0.802 March : 522 0.826 April : 232 0.776 May : 206 0.762 June : 249 0.793 July : 180 0.801 August : 444 0.726 September : 747 0.752 October : 2,128 0.749 November : 2,677 0.756 December : 2,451 0.764 : Calendar : Year Average : 12,991 0.768 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Expanded marketings from monthly cotton price survey of buyers. 2/ Revised monthly prices. Calendar year average results from weighting monthly prices by monthly marketings. Rice: Five-Month Average Price and Monthly Marketings, U.S. August 1995 - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Month : Average Price : Marketings 1/ : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Cwt Cwt (000) : Aug : 7.64 9,935 Sep : 7.95* 12,010* Oct : 8.77 12,493* Nov : 9.12* 12,951* Dec : 9.36* 12,503 : 5-Months 2/ : 8.62 59,892 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Revised. 1/ Reported purchases from producers by private firms plus reported rough rice equivalent of rice shipped during the month for cooperative mills. 2/ Computed in accordance with procedures in the federal register notice published in vol. 44, No. 56, Issued Wednesday, March 21, 1979 and Federal Register Notice published in vol 47, no. 158, Monday, August 16, 1982. Cotton, Upland: Prices Received and Monthly Marketings by Month, State and U.S., Marketing Year Average by State and U. S., 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Pound : AL : 0.711 0.742 0.856 0.744 1/ 1/ AZ : 0.799 0.813 0.948 1/ 1.023 1.023 AR : 0.721 0.707 0.796 0.705 0.701 0.700 CA : 0.945 0.948 1.080 1.132 1.079 0.979 GA : 0.760 0.831 0.843 0.984 1/ 1/ LA : 0.740 0.707 0.718 0.705 0.705 0.700 MS : 0.721 0.786 0.710 0.704 0.738 0.702 TN : 0.762 0.806 0.726 0.754 0.701 0.705 TX : 0.764 0.798 0.701 0.696 0.733 0.706 : US : 0.787 0.802 0.826 0.776 0.762 0.793 : : Marketings, (000) Bales : US : 2,058 1,097 522 232 206 249 :------------------------------------------------------------------ : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : MYA 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Pound : AL : 1/ 1/ 0.763 0.699 0.695 0.748 0.702 AZ : 0.977 0.691 0.789 0.766 0.768 0.797 0.766 AR : 0.699 0.707 0.727 0.736 0.730 0.724 0.732 CA : 0.994 0.807 0.860 3/ 0.814 0.851 0.816 GA : 1/ 1/ 0.766 0.734 0.755 0.759 0.747 LA : 0.699 0.715 0.724 0.735 0.729 0.716 0.731 MS : 0.699 0.715 0.734 0.753 0.735 0.718 0.741 TN : 0.704 0.713 0.721 0.736 0.758 0.734 0.751 TX : 0.689 0.726 0.728 0.725 0.742 0.747 0.732 : US : 0.801 0.726 0.752 0.749 0.756 0.764 0.751 : : Marketings, (000) Bales : US : 180 444 747 2,128 2,677 2,451 12,991 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Sales insufficient to establish a price. 2/ Preliminary, based on August-November 1995 revised prices and marketings. 3/ Not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Cotton, Upland: Prices Received and Monthly Marketings by Month, State and U.S., Marketing Year Average by State and U. S., 1994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Pound : AL : 0.606 0.651 0.662 0.708 1/ 1/ AZ : 0.584 0.642 0.626 0.635 0.670 0.670 AR : 0.613 0.631 0.643 0.646 0.630 0.580 CA : 0.671 0.704 0.722 0.724 0.724 0.764 GA : 0.628 0.690 0.650 0.717 0.775 1/ LA : 0.614 0.647 0.646 0.659 0.637 0.586 MS : 0.606 0.641 0.657 0.641 0.633 0.580 TN : 0.607 0.640 0.655 0.686 0.662 0.582 TX : 0.603 0.600 0.605 0.588 0.606 0.550 : US : 0.627 0.657 0.666 0.675 0.690 0.633 : : Marketings, (000) Bales : US : 1,925 913 722 542 491 263 :------------------------------------------------------------------ : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : MYA 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Pound : AL : 1/ 1/ 1/ 0.628 0.615 0.715 0.691 AZ : 0.628 0.545 0.617 0.612 0.703 0.714 0.706 AR : 0.565 0.650 0.668 0.655 0.650 0.671 0.677 CA : 0.708 0.654 0.648 0.688 0.754 0.793 0.803 GA : 1/ 1/ 0.632 0.663 0.678 0.708 0.733 LA : 0.567 0.655 0.663 0.664 0.661 0.686 0.685 MS : 0.565 0.650 0.677 0.681 0.669 0.735 0.717 TN : 0.610 0.618 0.674 0.639 0.666 0.708 0.696 TX : 0.568 0.672 0.652 0.651 0.672 0.729 0.696 : US : 0.587 0.668 0.652 0.662 0.685 0.733 0.720 : : Marketings, (000) Bales : US : 193 910 837 2,699 4,279 4,925 18,699 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Sales insufficient to establish a price. 2/ Based on August 1994 - July 1995 monthly prices and marketings. Cottonseed: Prices Received by Month, State and U.S., Marketing Year Average by State and U.S., 1994-95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : MYA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars Per Ton : : 1995 1/ : AL : 87.00 92.00 94.00 89.00 AZ : 122.00 130.00 133.00 130.00 AR : 95.00 95.00 108.00 105.00 105.00 106.00 CA : 157.00 132.00 131.00 132.00 GA : 66.00 70.00 75.00 85.00 90.00 80.00 LA : 107.00 113.00 95.00 108.00 MS : 100.00 105.00 104.00 104.00 103.00 TN : 100.00 100.00 93.00 100.00 TX : 102.00 100.00 102.00 90.00 117.00 117.00 107.00 : US : 95.00 70.00 100.00 100.00 99.00 114.00 116.00 105.00 : : 1994 2/ : AL : 86.00 83.00 79.00 84.00 AZ : 130.00 129.00 129.00 129.00 129.00 129.00 AR : 94.00 95.00 100.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 94.00 CA : 140.00 141.00 147.00 143.00 GA : 105.00 100.00 67.00 67.00 70.00 68.00 LA : 90.00 97.00 90.00 92.00 MS : 90.00 95.00 95.00 95.00 93.00 TN : 90.00 90.00 88.00 90.00 TX : 117.00 86.00 108.00 104.00 105.00 103.00 102.00 : US : 126.00 97.00 86.00 101.00 96.00 107.00 103.00 101.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ MYA preliminary, based on August - November 1995 revised prices. 2/ MYA based on August 1994 - February 1995 final prices. Sweetpotatoes: Prices Received by Farmers, Marketing Year Average, by State and United States, 1994 and 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : 1994 : 1995 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : AL : 13.50 10.90 CA : 28.70 27.70 GA : 11.80 13.60 LA : 13.30 13.20 MD : 15.00 2/ MS : 12.70 15.30 NJ : 13.00 20.20 NC : 10.50 12.00 SC : 13.00 13.90 TX : 12.50 18.40 VA : 10.60 13.20 : US : 14.00 15.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Preliminary. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 1995. Peaches for Fresh Use: Monthly Average Prices Received, United States, May 1993 - September 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Year : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Pound : 1993 : .288 .220 .191 .190 .226 1994 : .193 .138 .177 .176 .239 1995 : .345 .205 .188 .270 .324 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Apples for Fresh Use: Monthly Average Prices Received, United States, July 1993 - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Jan 1/: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound : 1993 : .178 .244 .241 .211 .193 .186 .187 .178 .166 .155 .143 .135 1994 : .194 .290 .208 .192 .164 .192 .202 .189 .183 .169 .154 .156 1995 : .168 .237 .271 .261 .251 .259 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ January of the following year. Pears for Fresh Use: Monthly Average Prices Received, United States, July 1993 - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Jan 1/: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Ton : 1993 : 390 344 366 350 330 281 235 220 202 182 172 175 1994 : 148 170 278 248 271 253 274 301 363 399 419 557 1995 : 353 303 373 343 373 361 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ January of the following year. Grapes for Fresh Use: Monthly Average Prices Received, United States, May 1995 - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Ton : 1995 : 1200 745 838 838 660 760 700 870 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limes: Marketing Year Average Prices Received by Growers, Florida 1994-95 (Final) and 1995-96 (Preliminary) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1994-95 : 1995-96 Utilization :-------------------------------------------------------------- : F.O.B : Equiv : Equiv : F.0.B : Equiv : Equiv : Packed: P.H.D :On-tree : Packed: P.H.D. : On-tree ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per box : All : 14.47 8.65 13.19 7.34 Fresh : 28.30 17.10 11.10 26.20 15.00 9.00 Processing : 2.00 -3.00 2.91 -2.09 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Limes: Average Prices and Equivalent Returns, Florida, April 1994 - December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State, Month : : Equiv P.H.D. : Equiv On-Tree and : F.O.B. :---------------------------------------------------- Year : Packed : All : Fresh : Proc : All : Fresh : Proc ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per box : FL : All Limes : Apr 1994 : 42.00 30.80 30.80 24.80 24.80 May : 22.00 10.80 10.80 4.80 4.80 Jun : 22.00 9.16 10.80 2.00 3.35 4.80 -3.00 Jul : 25.00 11.40 13.80 2.00 5.60 7.80 -3.00 Aug : 32.00 16.10 20.80 2.00 10.35 14.80 -3.00 Sep : 36.00 20.78 24.80 2.00 14.95 18.80 -3.00 Oct : 30.00 16.15 18.80 2.00 10.31 12.80 -3.00 Nov : 30.00 17.40 18.80 2.00 11.48 12.80 -3.00 Dec : 30.00 15.84 18.80 2.00 10.01 12.80 -3.00 Jan 1995 : 28.00 16.80 16.80 10.80 10.80 Feb : 29.00 17.80 17.80 11.80 11.80 Mar : 42.00 30.80 30.80 24.80 24.80 Apr : 40.00 28.80 28.80 22.80 22.80 May : 35.00 23.80 23.80 17.80 17.80 Jun : 16.00 4.53 4.80 3.00 -1.32 -1.20 -2.00 Jul : 18.00 6.05 6.80 3.00 0.25 0.80 -2.00 Aug : 32.00 16.29 20.80 3.00 10.54 14.80 -2.00 Sep : 26.00 12.65 14.80 3.00 6.84 8.80 -2.00 Oct : 26.00 14.11 14.80 3.00 8.16 8.80 -2.00 Nov : 26.00 14.13 14.80 2.00 8.18 8.80 -3.00 Dec : 27.70 15.38 16.50 2.00 9.46 10.50 -3.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Parity Prices Parity prices based on data for January 1996 and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed, are presented in the table on page A-56 and A-57. Annual average prices for 1985 through 1995 for use in parity computations, and ten-year averages for 1985-94 and 1986-95 are shown on pages A-56 through A-62. Parity Prices shown on the following pages are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The major provisions of the amended Act relating to the calculation of parity prices are as follows: "(1) (A) The 'parity price' for any agricultural commodity, as of any date, shall be determined by multiplying the adjusted base price of such commodity as of such date by the parity index as of such date. "(B) The 'adjusted base price' of any agricultural commodity, as of any date, shall be (i) the average of the prices received by farmers for such commodity, at such time as the Secretary may select during each year of the ten-year period ending on the 31st of December last before such date, or during each marketing season beginning in such period if the Secretary determines use of a calendar year basis to be impracticable, divided by (ii) the ratio of the general level of prices received by farmers for agricultural commodities during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive. "(C) The 'parity index', as of any date, shall be the ratio of (i) the general level of prices for articles and services that farmers buy, wages paid hired farm labor, interest on farm indebtedness secured by farm real estate, and taxes on farm real estate, for the calendar month ending last before such date to (ii) the general level of such prices, wages, rates, and taxes during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive. "(D) The prices and indexes provided for herein, and the data used in computing them, shall be determined by the Secretary, whose determination shall be final." Section 301(a) (1) (F) outlines authority for the Secretary of Agriculture to make special adjustments in the method of computing parity prices for particular commodities if the method outlined in the Act results in parity prices seriously out of line with those of other commodities. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 1996 this is the 1986-95 average). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, Including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-14=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, U.S. parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. The indexes used in the computation of parity prices are published currently in "Agricultural Prices". For the purpose of illustrating the computation of parity prices, the calculation of the parity price for corn based on data for January 1995 is given below. The 120-month, January 1986-December 1995 average of prices received by farmers for corn was $2.73 per bushel, adjusted to allow for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support operations. The 120-month average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans, etc., was 665 (1910-14=100). Dividing $2.73 by 6.65 gives $.411 per bushel, the adjusted base price which is multiplied by 1453 percent, the Parity Index (1910-14=100), based on data for January 1996. This gives $5.97 per bushel, the parity price of corn during February 1996. The Parity Ratio The parity ratio (the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the products they sell divided by the Parity Index (1910-14=100) provides an indication of the per unit purchasing power of farm commodities generally in terms of the goods and services currently bought by farmers, in relation to purchasing power of farm products in the 1910-14 base period. Thus, a Parity Ratio less than 100 indicates that the average per unit purchasing power of all farm products is lower than during the 1910-14 period. The parity ratio is a measure of price relationships; not a measure of farm income, farmers' total purchasing power, or farmers' welfare. The latter depends upon a number of factors other than price relationships, such as changes in production efficiency and technology, quantities of farm products sold, and supplementary income, including that from off-farm jobs and federal programs. An adjusted parity ratio is computed and published which incorporates supplementary income for federal farm programs. A "preliminary adjusted parity ratio reflecting government payments" based on the forecast of direct government payments for the year is published each quarter in "Agricultural Prices". Prices Received by Farmers used to Calculate Parity Prices for Agricultural Commodities, United States, 1986-95 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Commodity and Unit : 1986 : 1987 : 1988 : 1989 : 1990 : 1991 : 1992 : : : : : : : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index of Prices : (1910-14=100) Received by Farmers : 554 563 627 659 660 632 626 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : : Calendar Year Average Prices 3/ Basic Commodities : Corn, Bu : 1.96 1.56 2.27 2.43 2.40 2.33 2.29 Cotton, Upland, Lb : .548 .596 .575 .595 .648 .655 .532 Cotton, Long Staple, Lb : .899 1.040 1.180 .971 1.060 .970 .788 Tobacco, Type 32, Lb : 1.065 1.110 1.508 1.624 1.811 1.602 1.470 Wheat, Bu : 2.71 2.55 3.33 3.88 2.98 2.74 3.41 Rice, Cwt : 5.00 4.60 7.82 7.03 6.90 7.34 7.03 : Designated Nonbasic Comm : All Milk, Cwt : 12.50 12.50 12.20 13.60 13.70 12.20 13.10 : Other Nonbasic Comm : Field Crops and Misc : Barley, Bu : 1.71 1.77 2.38 2.55 2.21 2.07 2.09 Dry Beans, Cwt : 17.90 17.70 22.40 29.70 27.40 17.60 17.60 Flaxseed, Bu : 4.29 3.21 5.85 7.34 6.86 4.09 3.75 Hay, Baled, Ton : 61.60 62.40 77.30 89.20 85.30 74.70 71.90 Oats, Bu : 1.13 1.51 2.26 1.87 1.27 1.15 1.36 Rye, Bu : 1.48 1.62 2.52 2.06 2.09 2.20 2.38 Sorghum, Cwt : 3.11 2.56 3.66 3.90 3.87 3.96 3.87 Soybeans, Bu : 5.00 5.08 7.21 6.63 5.82 5.60 5.56 Sweetpotatoes, Cwt : 10.70 11.60 13.00 16.40 9.70 13.30 12.20 : Fruit : Apples, Fresh, Lb 4/ : .199 .176 .164 .146 .167 .230 .248 : Livestock and Products : Beef Cattle, Cwt : 52.80 61.40 66.80 69.70 74.80 72.90 71.30 Calves, Cwt : 60.90 78.10 89.90 91.80 96.50 99.90 89.40 Eggs, Doz : .612 .531 .533 .700 .704 .660 .564 Hogs, Cwt : 50.10 50.80 42.50 43.20 54.00 48.80 42.00 Lambs, Cwt : 69.10 77.90 69.50 67.30 56.00 52.50 60.80 Sheep, Cwt : 26.30 30.40 27.10 27.00 23.80 20.40 26.90 Turkeys, Lb : .472 .444 .343 .369 .400 .384 .377 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes on page A-70. -- continued Prices Received by Farmers used to Calculate Parity Prices for Agricultural Commodities, United States, 1986-95 1/ (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : 1986-95 Average : : : :1985-94:-------------------- Commodity and Unit : 1993 : 1994 : 1995 :Average: As :For Parity : : : : :Computed:Purposes 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index of Prices : (1910-14=100) Received by Farmers : 642 634 646 618 624 665 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : : Calendar Year Average prices 3/ Basic Commodities : Corn, Bu : 2.22 2.41 2.56 2.24 2.24 2.73 Cotton, Upland, Lb : .538 .661 .775 .591 .612 .760 Cotton, Long Staple, Lb : .870 1.025 1.275 .972 1.008 1.010 Tobacco, Type 32, Lb : 1.430 1.481 1.443 1.439 1.454 Wheat, Bu : 3.21 3.52 4.10 3.15 3.24 4.11 Rice, Cwt : 5.98 8.22 7.58 6.78 6.75 11.30 : Designated Nonbasic Comm : All Milk, Cwt : 12.80 13.00 12.80 12.80 12.80 : Other Nonbasic Comm : Field Crops and Misc : Barley, Bu : 1.98 2.01 2.47 2.09 2.12 2.48 Dry Beans, Cwt : 20.70 24.60 21.90 21.40 21.70 Flaxseed, Bu : 4.25 4.49 5.04 5.01 4.92 Hay, Baled, Ton : 82.30 88.90 84.10 76.30 77.80 Oats, Bu : 1.40 1.29 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.52 Rye, Bu : 2.55 2.69 2.80 1.80 1.87 Sorghum, Cwt : 3.66 3.97 4.51 3.65 3.71 4.27 Soybeans, Bu : 6.04 6.11 5.85 5.85 5.89 5.89 Sweetpotatoes, Cwt : 15.10 14.00 15.00 8.90 9.00 : Fruit : Apples, Fresh, Lb 4/ : .183 .184 .208 .184 .190 : Livestock and Products : Beef Cattle, Cwt : 73.40 66.50 62.20 66.40 67.20 Calves, Cwt : 95.90 87.10 74.80 85.20 86.40 Eggs, Doz : .629 .610 .647 .612 .619 Hogs, Cwt : 45.20 39.50 41.80 46.00 45.80 Lambs, Cwt : 64.60 64.80 78.20 65.10 66.10 68.10 Sheep, Cwt : 29.50 31.60 28.70 26.80 27.20 Turkeys, Lb : .376 .390 .407 .396 .390 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes on page A-70. Prices Received by Farmers used to Calculate Parity Prices for Agricultural Commodities, United States, 1986-95 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : : : : : : : : : : Commodity and Unit : 1986 : 1987 : 1988 : 1989 : 1990 : 1991 : : : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars : : Marketing Year Average Prices 3/ Basic Commodities : Peanuts, Lb 18/ : .292 .280 .280 .280 .347 .283 Tobacco, Lb : Types 11-14 : 1.527 1.587 1.613 1.674 1.673 1.723 Type 21 : 1.278 1.315 1.482 1.537 1.602 1.526 KY-TN Fire-Cured, : Types 22-23 : 1.445 1.515 2.207 1.990 1.952 2.134 Burley, Type 31 : 1.565 1.563 1.610 1.672 1.753 1.788 Types 35-36 : 1.201 1.304 1.628 1.701 1.863 1.840 Sun-Cured, Type 37 : 1.242 1.025 1.239 1.351 1.456 1.434 PA Seedleaf, Type 41 : .660 .720 1.040 1.270 1.390 1.430 Cigar Filler & Binder: Types 42-44, 54-55 : .932 1.000 1.250 1.500 1.500 1.550 Puerto Rican Filler, : Type 46 7/ : .722 .747 .731 Types 51-52 : 1.775 1.700 1.700 1.800 2.500 2.600 : Designated Nonbasic Comm : Honey, Wholesale, Lb : Extracted 8/ : .511 .503 .500 .498 .537 .556 : Wool and Mohair 9/ : Wool, Lb : .668 .917 1.380 1.240 .800 .550 Mohair, Lb : 2.51 2.63 1.89 1.58 .93 1.28 : Other Nonbasic Comm : Field Crops and Misc : Cottonseed, Ton : 80.00 82.50 118.00 105.00 121.00 71.00 Hops, Lb : 1.780 1.510 1.400 1.380 1.480 1.680 Peppermint Oil, Lb : 10.70 11.60 15.90 13.10 13.90 13.30 Potatoes, Cwt : 5.03 4.38 6.02 7.36 6.08 4.96 Spearmint Oil, Lb : 11.40 12.10 12.80 13.90 14.90 13.90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Footnotes on page A-70. -- continued Prices Received by Farmers used to Calculate Parity Prices for Agricultural Commodities, United States, 1986-95 1/ (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : : : : : : : : : : 1985-94: 1986-95 Commodity and Unit : 1992 : 1993 : 1994 : 1995 : Average: Average : : : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars : : Marketing Year Average Prices 3/ Basic Commodities : Peanuts, Lb 18/ : .300 .304 .289 .293 .290 .295 Tobacco, Lb : Types 11-14 : 1.726 1.681 1.698 1.793 1.662 1.670 Type 21 : 1.615 1.719 1.612 1.638 1.493 1.532 KY-TN Fire-Cured, : Types 22-23 : 2.173 2.194 2.069 2.117 1.917 1.980 Burley, Type 31 : 1.815 1.816 1.841 1.853 1.702 1.728 Types 35-36 : 1.694 1.715 1.685 1.796 1.589 1.643 Sun-Cured, Type 37 : 1.380 1.521 1.476 1.555 1.312 1.368 PA Seedleaf, Type 41 : 1.150 .950 1.000 1.100 1.032 1.071 Cigar Filler & Binder: Types 42-44, 54-55 : 1.487 1.432 1.450 1.450 1.312 1.355 Puerto Rican Filler, : Type 46 7/ : .731 Types 51-52 : 2.800 3.000 3.060 3.850 2.271 2.479 : Designated Nonbasic Comm : Honey, Wholesale, Lb : Extracted 8/ : .550 .539 .512 6/ .536 : Wool and Mohair 9/ : Wool, Lb : .740 .510 .780 6/ .822 Mohair, Lb : .86 .82 2.56 6/ 1.85 : Other Nonbasic Comm : Field Crops and Misc : Cottonseed, Ton : 97.50 113.00 101.00 105.00 96.00 99.00 Hops, Lb : 1.740 1.760 1.810 1.740 1.660 1.630 Peppermint Oil, Lb : 12.80 13.30 14.60 13.70 12.90 13.30 Potatoes, Cwt : 5.52 6.18 5.58 6.35 5.50 5.75 Spearmint Oil, Lb : 12.80 12.30 12.50 12.40 12.80 12.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes on page A-70. Parity Price Equivalent for Manufacturing Grade Milk By direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, the parity price equivalent for manufacturing grade milk is determined as follows: (1) Based on data for the 10 calendar years immediately preceding, compute the ratio of (a) the average price received by farmers, f.o.b. plant, for all manufacturing grade milk to (b) the average price received by farmers, f.o.b plant, for all milk sold to plants and dealers. (2) The parity price for all milk sold to plantsis multiplied by the resulting ratio of (a) to (b) to determine the parity price equivalent for manufacturing milk. The parity price equivalent for manufacturing milk is not in itself a parity price but rather is an administrative determination based on the above price relationship. The ratio is computed in January of each year and is used throughout the calendar year. The ratio to be used during 1996 is 91.4, unchanged from 1995. The parity price for all milk sold to plants is $27.90 per cwt. This price multiplied by 91.4 percent, results in $25.50 per cwt as the parity price equivalent for manufacturing milk of average milkfat content. In 1995, the simple average of monthly fat tests for manufacturing grade milk was 3.78 percent. The fat test ranged from a low of 3.58 in July to a high of 3.95 percent in December. Manufacturing Grade Milk: Average Price Per Cwt Received by Farmers 1/, by Months, United States, January 1986-December 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : Year : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov :Dec : : : : : : : : : : : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : 1986 :11.60 11.50 11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.90 11.30 11.80 12.20 12.40 12.30 1987 :12.00 11.60 11.40 11.20 11.10 10.90 11.00 11.20 11.60 11.80 11.80 11.50 1988 :11.30 11.00 10.80 10.60 10.40 10.30 10.40 10.90 11.60 12.30 12.50 12.60 1989 :12.20 11.60 11.30 11.20 11.20 11.30 11.60 12.20 13.20 14.10 14.90 15.10 1990 :14.10 12.50 12.10 12.40 12.70 13.00 13.10 12.90 12.40 11.10 10.60 10.50 1991 :10.60 10.20 10.20 10.10 10.20 10.40 10.80 11.30 12.00 12.60 12.70 12.30 1992 :11.80 11.30 11.10 11.50 12.00 12.20 12.30 12.30 12.20 12.20 12.00 11.50 1993 :11.10 10.90 11.20 12.00 12.30 11.90 11.20 11.00 11.90 12.40 12.70 12.50 1994 :12.30 12.20 12.40 12.50 11.40 11.00 11.10 11.40 11.90 12.20 12.00 11.50 1995 :11.40 11.60 11.70 11.20 11.00 11.10 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.70 13.00 13.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Before hauling costs are deducted and including premiums paid to farmers. 2/ Preliminary. Average price January 1986 - December 1995 a. Manufacturing grade milk 11.70 b. All milk sold at wholesale to plants and dealers 12.80 c. Ratio a/b. 91.4 Parity price equivalent for manufacturing grade milk - United States a. January 1995 24.77 b. December 1995 25.23 c. January 1996 25.50 Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Farm Products : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 617 630 638 627 629 635 630 634 629 617 611 613 626 1993: 617 623 632 661 656 641 640 648 646 638 650 655 642 1994: 664 662 664 650 643 636 617 619 616 603 605 626 634 1995: 622 617 628 631 639 636 644 649 664 663 674 686 646 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 97 99 100 99 99 100 99 100 99 97 96 96 98 1993: 97 98 99 104 103 101 101 102 102 100 102 103 101 1994: 105 104 105 102 101 100 97 97 97 95 95 98 100 1995: 98 97 99 99 101 100 101 102 105 104 106 108 102 : : : All Crops : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 497 512 534 510 498 509 495 497 494 477 471 476 498 1993: 473 477 477 527 510 489 502 514 511 503 522 535 503 1994: 544 543 539 520 529 534 506 501 505 489 494 522 519 1995: 506 499 526 555 575 559 560 561 567 561 578 584 553 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 101 104 108 103 101 103 100 101 100 97 95 97 101 1993: 96 97 97 107 103 99 102 104 104 102 106 109 102 1994: 110 110 109 105 107 108 103 101 102 99 100 106 105 1995: 103 101 107 113 117 113 114 114 115 114 117 118 112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Food Grains : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 375 395 388 379 379 365 337 321 337 336 341 346 358 1993: 349 337 330 325 316 300 301 310 320 336 369 390 332 1994: 387 402 411 396 382 348 327 345 374 385 382 387 377 1995: 382 368 360 358 379 407 435 448 471 490 498 511 426 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 118 124 122 119 119 115 106 101 106 106 107 109 113 1993: 110 106 104 102 99 94 95 98 101 106 116 123 105 1994: 122 126 129 125 120 109 103 109 118 121 120 122 119 1995: 120 116 113 113 119 128 137 141 148 154 157 161 134 : : : Feed Grains and Hay : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 368 373 376 375 385 375 354 341 334 319 313 315 352 1993: 323 324 337 348 354 345 354 358 351 359 382 410 354 1994: 417 427 421 416 413 406 368 354 352 331 322 344 381 1995: 347 355 364 373 387 396 409 411 416 435 446 470 401 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 103 104 105 105 108 105 99 95 93 89 87 88 98 1993: 90 91 94 97 99 97 99 100 98 100 107 115 99 1994: 117 119 118 116 115 113 103 99 98 92 90 96 106 1995: 97 99 102 104 108 111 114 115 116 122 125 131 112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 437 421 425 449 450 490 476 445 446 456 445 459 450 1993: 448 455 476 466 460 453 454 443 434 443 451 478 455 1994: 530 555 563 571 583 535 496 565 551 560 579 620 559 1995: 665 678 698 656 644 670 677 614 636 633 639 646 655 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 85 82 83 88 88 96 93 87 87 89 87 90 88 1993: 87 89 93 91 90 88 89 86 85 86 88 93 89 1994: 103 108 110 111 114 104 97 110 108 109 113 121 109 1995: 130 132 136 128 126 131 132 120 124 124 125 126 128 : : : Tobacco 2/ : : 1910-14=100 : 1992:1552 1670 1517 1374 1361 1439 1587 1583 1591 1587 1526 1993:1574 1739 1604 1370 1370 1383 1496 1517 1574 1578 1521 1994:1596 1752 1478 1478 1309 1391 1539 1570 1609 1596 1532 1995:1630 1709 1491 1326 1530 1530 1591 1574 1604 1604 1559 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 103 110 100 91 90 95 105 105 105 105 101 1993: 104 115 106 91 91 91 99 100 104 104 101 1994: 105 116 98 98 86 92 102 104 106 105 101 1995: 108 113 99 88 101 101 105 104 106 106 103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. 2/ Missing data indicate insufficient sales volume to establish a price. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Oil-Bearing Crops : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 537 543 552 552 572 578 545 527 534 518 530 539 544 1993: 546 545 553 560 568 577 641 639 598 582 620 652 590 1994: 658 658 661 645 663 660 580 547 541 519 531 534 600 1995: 534 527 539 543 543 556 577 570 569 586 618 653 568 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 98 99 101 101 105 106 100 96 98 95 97 98 100 1993: 100 100 101 102 104 105 117 117 109 106 113 119 108 1994: 120 120 121 118 121 121 106 100 99 95 97 98 110 1995: 98 96 98 99 99 102 105 104 104 107 113 119 104 : : : Fruit and Nuts : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 734 743 759 723 686 700 645 711 705 667 640 558 689 1993: 500 501 481 511 566 679 708 789 781 746 734 600 633 1994: 547 548 588 605 638 669 701 718 711 657 573 499 621 1995: 503 491 518 564 693 715 750 850 858 846 748 654 683 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 105 106 109 104 98 100 92 102 101 96 92 80 99 1993: 72 72 69 73 81 97 101 113 112 107 105 86 91 1994: 78 78 84 87 91 96 100 103 102 94 82 72 89 1995: 72 70 74 81 99 102 107 122 123 121 107 94 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Commercial Vegetables : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 648 789 961 706 623 631 679 757 771 836 731 812 745 1993: 793 833 723 1099 840 671 702 732 747 635 683 827 774 1994: 755 730 616 582 653 697 658 638 696 784 819 1091 727 1995: 792 722 983 1155 1055 813 624 653 770 674 679 623 795 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 97 118 144 106 93 94 102 113 115 125 109 121 111 1993: 119 125 108 164 126 100 105 109 112 95 102 124 116 1994: 113 109 92 87 98 104 98 95 104 117 123 163 109 1995: 118 108 147 173 158 122 93 98 115 101 102 93 119 : : : Potatoes and Dry Beans : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 363 364 404 443 393 408 573 561 454 428 465 472 444 1993: 477 477 528 601 599 540 621 532 474 469 593 562 539 1994: 565 580 670 599 591 595 661 567 469 448 460 462 556 1995: 466 450 484 505 529 613 725 595 498 477 553 548 537 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 72 72 80 88 78 81 113 111 90 85 92 93 88 1993: 94 94 104 119 118 107 123 105 94 93 117 111 107 1994: 112 115 132 118 117 118 131 112 93 89 91 91 110 1995: 92 89 96 100 105 121 143 118 98 94 109 108 106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Other Crops : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 502 1993: 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 510 1994: 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 517 1995: 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 525 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 1993: 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 1994: 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 1995: 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 105 106 106 106 : : : Food Commodities : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 96 99 100 98 98 99 99 101 100 98 98 97 99 1993: 98 99 100 105 104 101 101 103 103 101 102 102 102 1994: 102 102 103 100 99 98 96 97 96 94 94 96 98 1995: 95 94 97 98 99 98 99 100 102 101 101 103 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Livestock and Products : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 719 737 729 734 748 749 754 760 751 750 744 740 743 1993: 755 760 778 784 791 785 766 769 766 756 755 746 768 1994: 754 765 775 768 742 718 709 721 700 687 690 693 727 1995: 712 722 713 691 679 688 695 707 717 705 722 738 707 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 94 96 95 96 97 98 98 99 98 98 97 96 97 1993: 98 99 101 102 103 102 100 100 100 99 98 97 100 1994: 98 100 101 100 97 94 92 94 91 89 90 90 95 1995: 93 94 93 90 88 90 91 92 93 92 94 96 92 : : : Meat Animals : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 921 976 971 980 992 982 976 987 972 974 955 960 971 1993:1009 1030 1056 1054 1058 1037 1005 1014 1002 975 957 936 1011 1994: 967 990 997 986 933 884 883 913 854 836 839 841 910 1995: 906 930 902 861 835 860 861 865 865 840 834 854 868 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 91 96 96 96 98 97 96 97 96 96 94 94 96 1993: 99 101 104 104 104 102 99 100 99 96 94 92 100 1994: 95 97 98 97 92 87 87 90 84 82 83 83 90 1995: 89 91 89 85 82 85 85 85 85 83 82 84 85 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Indexes of Prices Received by Farmers, by Months and Annual Average, United States, 1992-1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : : : : : : : Year: Jan: Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec :Avg : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dairy Products : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 823 793 768 774 787 811 823 830 830 823 805 787 805 1993: 768 750 750 774 793 799 787 762 787 805 836 830 787 1994: 836 823 830 823 787 774 750 762 787 799 805 787 797 1995: 774 774 780 762 762 744 744 762 787 823 854 854 785 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 103 99 96 96 98 101 103 103 103 103 100 98 100 1993: 96 93 93 96 99 100 98 95 98 100 104 103 98 1994: 104 103 103 103 98 96 93 95 98 100 100 98 99 1995: 96 96 97 95 95 93 93 95 98 103 106 106 98 : : : Poultry and Eggs : : 1910-14=100 : 1992: 262 258 258 258 271 270 280 283 277 280 291 281 272 1993: 278 278 294 298 299 300 295 305 299 299 301 295 295 1994: 289 294 302 300 310 308 304 300 301 294 290 288 298 1995: 285 282 284 281 277 282 295 314 324 317 339 331 301 : : 1990-92=100 : 1992: 93 92 92 92 96 96 100 101 98 100 103 100 97 1993: 99 99 105 106 106 107 105 108 106 106 107 105 105 1994: 103 104 107 107 110 110 108 107 107 104 103 103 106 1995: 101 100 101 100 99 100 105 112 115 113 120 118 107 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Simple average required for parity regulations. Weighted 1990-92 average equals 100. Reliability of Prices Received by Farmers Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey Procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of 2600 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total U.S. production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total marketings. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and Estimation Procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a U.S. price based on expanded marketings. Recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: For most items, the current month's price represents a 3-5 day period around the mid-month. Previous month's prices represent actual dollars received for quantities sold during the entire month. Revisions are published in monthly issues of "Agricultural Prices" and in the annual summary published in July. A schedule of monthly revisions is published in the December issue of "Agricultural Prices" and in the July annual summary. Reliability: U.S. price estimates generally have a sampling error of less than one half percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of prices received estimates for major grain commodities, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown in the table on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the 5-month corn price is 0.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current 5-month price of $2.47 per bushel will not be above or below the final 5-month price by more than 0.2 percent, or about half of a cent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence interval) that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent, or about three-fourths of a penny. Reliability of Five-Month Prices Received Estimates 1983 - 1992 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Root Mean Square Error :: 10-Year Record of :-----------------------:: Differences Between : :90% Confidence :: Preliminary and Final Commodity : : Level ::-------------------------------------- :Percent:---------------:: Dollars : No. of Years : : : ::-------------------------------------- : :Percent:Dollars:: : : : Below : Above : : : :: Avg : Min : Max : Final : Final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Corn : .2 .3 .008 .001 .000 .010 0 1 Wheat : .1 .2 .007 .002 .000 -.010 2 0 Sorghum : .2 .3 .007 .002 .000 -.010 1 1 Barley : .5 .9 .020 .006 .000 .030 1 2 Oats : 1.4 2.5 .035 .010 .000 .060 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Five-month prices received estimates represent weighted average prices for the first five months of the marketing year. For corn and sorghum the five month period is September-January. For wheat, barley, and oats the five month period is June-October. Prices Paid The January Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) was 111 (1990-92=100), unchanged from October 1995 but up 2.8 percent from January 1995. Production Index: The farm production, goods, and services index for January 1996, at 111, was up 0.9 percent from last October and 3.7 percent from January 1995. Since October 1995, price increases for feed, fertilizer, and farm machinery were partially offset by lower prices for livestock purchased. Feed: At 121, the feed index increased 8.0 percent from October and 25 percent from January last year. Since October, prices for all feed items in the index were up sharply except hay and forage prices which were down slightly. Higher prices for feed grains, complete feeds, and concentrates led the increase. Fertilizer: The fertilizer index, at 116, was up 1.8 percent since October and 0.9 percent from January last year. Prices were higher since October for surveyed items with nitrogen prices the primary contributor to the rise. Machinery: The January index was 118, up 0.9 percent from October 1995 and 6.3 percent from January 1995. Prices for all major machinery categories were higher compared to October last year. Rising self-propelled machinery prices contributed most to the increase in the index since October. Autos and Trucks: At 125, the January index increased 0.8 percent from October 1995 and 4.2 percent from January a year ago. Prices rose during the past quarter for both automobiles and trucks, but truck prices led the increase. Ag Chemicals: The January agricultural chemicals index rose 0.9 percent from October 1995 and 1.8 percent from January last year to 116. Since October, higher prices for herbicides and fungicides were partially offset by lower insecticide prices. Livestock and Poultry: The index for livestock and poultry purchases, at 74, dropped 7.5 percent from last quarter and 20 percent from January last year. Prices were lower since October 1995 for all livestock items in the index. Sharply lower feeder cattle and calf prices led the decline. Fuels: The fuel index, at 88, was unchanged from October 1995, but was 4.8 percent higher than January last year. Compared with October, higher diesel fuel prices offset lower gasoline prices. Consumer Price Index: The November 1995 Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U) before seasonal adjustment was 153.6 (1982-84=100). The October index was 153.7. For the 12-month period ending in November, the overall index increased 2.6 percent. (No index was available for December because the federal government shutdown did not permit data collection). Index Numbers of Prices Paid by Farmers and Related Parity Ratios United States, January 1996, With Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14 = 100 : 1990-92 = 100 Indexes :---------------------------------------------- And : 1995 :1996 : 1995 :1996 Ratios :---------------------------------------------- : ANN : : ANN : : AVG JAN OCT : JAN : AVG JAN OCT : JAN -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid by Farmers for : : Commodities & Services, : : Interest, Taxes, & Wage : : Rates (PPITW) :1420 *1422 *1439 1453 : 109 108 *111 111 Production :1038 *1036 *1056 1071 : 108 *107 *110 111 Feed : 506 *474 *550 593 : 103 *97 *112 121 Livestock and Poultry :1065 *1172 1015 936 : 84 92 80 74 Seeds :1091 1091 1091 1091 : 110 110 110 110 Fertilizer : 427 *421 *415 423 : 117 *115 *114 116 Agricultural Chemicals : 708 *708 *709 711 : 115 *114 *115 116 Fuels : 683 *645 *687 685 : 88 * 84 * 88 88 Supplies & Repairs : 792 *788 *804 803 : 112 111 *114 113 Autos & Trucks :3214 *3182 *3275 3304 : 121 120 *124 125 Farm Machinery :2892 *2774 *2907 2935 : 116 *111 *117 118 Building Materials :1546 *1536 *1554 1550 : 114 113 115 115 Farm Services & Rent :1397 *1402 *1434 1457 : -- -- -- -- Farm Services : -- -- -- -- : 117 *116 *119 118 Rent : -- -- -- -- : 116 *116 *116 119 Interest 1/ :2578 *2578 *2578 2540 : 102 *103 *103 101 Taxes 2/ :3123 *3123 *3123 3243 : 117 *117 *117 121 Wage Rates :4224 *4348 *4232 4232 : 113 116 *114 114 Production, Interest, Taxes, : : & Wage Rates (PITW) :1447 *1442 *1470 1485 : 108 107 *109 110 Family Living-CPI 3/ :1438 *1428 *1451 1450 : 113 112 114 114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Ratio 4/ : 46 44 *46 48 : Parity Ratio Adjusted 5/ : 47 *45 *48 49 : PPITW Adjusted for : : Productivity 6/ :971 *979 *979 984 : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Sector (PPITW) : : 108 112 113 113 Livestock Sector (PPITW) : : 105 106 108 109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Farm Sector (Production) : : 102 97 100 102 Non-Farm Sector (Production) : : 108 112 115 115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Prices Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U Received to PPITW (1910-14=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.020 for 1996 and the revised factor is 1.034 for 1995. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights For Selected Production Input Sub-Components United States, January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Relative Weights : Input Indexes : :----------------------------- Index :5-Year Moving Average: 1995 : 1996 :--------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 : Ann Avg : Jan : Oct : Jan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- percent -- -- (1990-92=100) -- : Production Items : 66.3 66.1 108 *107 *110 111 : Feed : 11.5 11.2 103 *97 *112 121 Complete Feeds : 5.0 4.9 100 *101 *106 111 Feed Grains : 2.1 2.1 107 93 *121 139 Hay/Forages : 1.3 1.2 107 109 *106 105 Concentrates : 1.8 1.8 99 *88 *116 130 Supplements : 1.3 1.2 107 *89 *126 135 Livestock & Poultry : 8.4 8.3 84 92 80 74 Feeder Cattle : 6.5 6.4 82 93 77 70 Milk Cow Replacements : .7 .7 100 102 97 94 Feeder Pigs : .7 .7 69 61 73 67 Poultry : .5 .5 103 *103 103 103 Seeds : 2.7 2.7 110 110 110 110 Field Crops : 2.4 2.4 109 110 109 109 Grasses/Legumes : .3 .3 118 114 119 119 Fertilizer : 4.7 4.6 117 *115 *114 116 Mixed Fertilizer : 2.1 2.0 112 *103 *114 114 Nitrogen : 2.0 1.9 127 *132 118 122 Potash & Potassium : .6 .5 104 *103 104 107 Agricultural Chemicals : 3.4 3.4 115 *114 *115 116 Herbicides : 2.1 2.1 113 *112 114 114 Insecticides : .8 .8 120 *120 *119 119 Fungicides/Other : .5 .5 117 *118 *117 117 Fuels : 2.9 2.9 88 *84 *88 88 Diesel : 1.6 1.6 84 *79 89 91 LP Gas : .3 .3 94 *89 *94 95 Gasoline : 1.0 1.0 92 91 *86 82 Farm Supplies & Repairs : 5.4 5.4 112 111 *114 113 Supplies : 1.8 1.8 110 108 *111 111 Repairs : 3.6 3.6 113 *113 *115 115 Autos and Trucks : 1.4 1.4 121 120 *124 125 Autos : .2 .2 118 118 117 118 Trucks : 1.2 1.2 122 120 125 126 Farm Machinery : 4.5 4.5 116 111 *117 118 Self-Propelled : 1.8 1.8 118 *111 *118 120 Tractors : 1.0 1.0 112 *110 *111 112 Other Machinery : 1.7 1.7 116 110 *119 119 Building Materials : 2.4 2.5 114 113 115 115 Farm Services : 11.1 11.2 117 *116 *119 118 Custom Rates : 1.1 1.1 104 104 104 111 Other Services : 10.0 10.1 118 *117 *121 119 Rent : 7.8 8.0 116 *116 *116 119 Cash : 3.5 3.6 119 *123 *123 129 Share : 4.3 4.4 106 *110 *110 111 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Feed Price Ratios: With Comparisons, United States, January 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1995 : 1996 Feed Price Ratio 1/ :---------------------------- : Jan : Dec : Jan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broiler-Feed: Pounds of Broiler Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight. : 5.3 4.6 4.6 Market Egg Feed: Pounds of Laying Feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs. : 9.7 10.4 9.8 : Hog-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight. : 16.8 *14.2 13.0 Milk-Feed: Pounds of 16% Mixed Dairy Feed equal : in value to 1 pound of Whole Milk. : 2.73 2.55 2.46 : Steer Heifer-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of Steer & Heifers, : live weight. : 32.6 *21.1 19.6 Turkey-Feed: Pounds of Turkey Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of Turkey, live weight. : 6.7 5.7 5.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commerical prepared feeds are based on current U.S. prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. * Revised. Feeder Livestock and Poultry: Prices Paid, With Comparisons United States, January 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1995 : 1996 ITEM : Unit :----------------------------------------- : : Jan : Oct : Jan ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars Broiler Chicks 1/ : Per 100 : Egg-Type Chicks 1/ : " : Feeders and Stockers : : Cattle and Calves : Cwt : 78.60 65.00 59.10 Pigs : " : 56.00 67.50 61.50 Turkey Poults 1/ : Each : ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Quarterly prices discontinued January 1994. Annual average data are published in April. * Revised. Feeder Pigs: Prices Paid, 16-Major States, November 1995 1/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Dollars Per Cwt : : State : Dollars Per Cwt ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- GA : 64.50 : : MO : 57.00 IL : 74.00 : : NE : 74.00 IN : 74.50 : : NC : 81.50 IA : 75.00 : : OH : 58.00 KS : 68.50 : : PA : 80.50 KY : 47.50 : : SD : 72.50 MI : 74.00 : : TN : 57.00 MN : 78.50 : : WI : 68.00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid by Farmers Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey Procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each April to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the 5 business days centered around the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for, agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and Estimation Procedures: The annual April Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a nonprobability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and U.S. level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and U.S. levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measures in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the quarterly (January, April, July, and October) and annual issues of "Agricultural Prices". The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Reliability: Current methods of summarization in April are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the U.S. relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any nonsampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these nonsampling errors. Program Change: Effective January 1, 1995, the National Agricultural Statistics Service updated the weights and changed the construction of its prices paid and received by farmers indexes. A Federal Register Notice dated October 28, 1994 discussed these program modifications. A 1990-92 reference and base period replaced the 1977 reference and 1971-73 base weight period. Five-year moving average weights replaced the current fixed 1971-73 base period weights. The 1910-14=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 1990-92=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights (adjusted for seasonal marketing patterns for the prices received indexes). Index Prices Received U.S. Prices and Indexes Page Page Narrative............... A-2 Cows, Beef............. A-20 Price Indexes........... A-3 Cows, Milk............. A-23 Prices Received Eggs................... A-22 U.S. Summary.......... A-7-8 Flaxseed............... A-16 Selected Commodities.. A-14 Fruit, Citrus.......... A-18 Upland Cotton and Rice Hay.................... A-17 Prices and Marketings. A-17 All Hogs............... A-21 Parity Prices........... A-24-25 Lambs.................. A-22 Reliability Statement... A-80-81 Milk................... A-23 Oats................... A-15 Peanuts................ A-16 Monthly State Prices Potatoes............... A-19 Sheep.................. A-22 Apples.................. A-17 Sorghum, Grain......... A-15 Barley.................. A-15 Soybeans............... A-15 Barrows and Gilts....... A-21 Sows................... A-21 Beans, Dry Edible....... A-16 Sunflower.............. A-16 Beef Cattle............. A-20 Steers and Heifers..... A-20 Broilers................ A-22 Tobacco................ A-16 Calves.................. A-20 Turkeys................ A-22 Corn.................... A-15 Wheat.................. A-14 Cotton.................. A-17 Cottonseed.............. A-17 Special Features Apples: Prices Received, Monthly, July 1993-December 1995; Peaches, May 1993-September 1995; Pears, July 1993-December 1995; Grapes, May 1995-December 1995; ................................... A-46 Cotton: Average Prices Received, U.S., January 1995-December 1995 ... A-26 Field Crops: Revised Monthly and Marketing Year Averages, by State, 1994-95 and U.S., 1990-95 ......................................... A-27-44 Index of Prices Received, All Groups, Monthly and Annual, 1992-95.... A-72-79 Limes: Marketing Year Average and Monthly Prices Received, Florida, Final, 1994-95 and Preliminary 1995-96 .................. A-47 Oilseeds, Special: Price Per Cwt, United States, 1993-1995 .......... A-27 Potatoes: Prices Received by Farmers, Monthly and Marketing Year Average by State and U.S., 1995; .................................. A-45 Rice: 5-Month Marketing Year Average Prices Received, U.S., August 1995-December 1995 ......................................... A-26 Sweetpotatoes: Marketing Year Average Prices Received 1994 and 1995 ..................................................... A-46 Vegetables, Fresh Market: Revised Monthly Prices Received, 1993-95 .. A-48-55 Parity Prices Authority for Parity Prices, Method of Computation, and Prices ..... A-56-60 Annual Average Prices Received for Parity Computations, U.S., by Years, 1986-95 ................................................ A-61-70 Parity Price Equivalent for Manufacturing Grade Milk ............... A-71 Index Prices Paid Page Narrative ..................................................... B-1 Indexes and Parity Ratios ..................................... B-2-3 Charts ..................................................... B-4-6 Feed Ratios .................................................. B-7 Reliability Statement ......................................... B-17 U.S. Average Prices: Feeder Livestock and Poultry .............................. B-7 State Average Prices: Feeder Pigs ............................................... B-7 Special Features: Index of Prices Paid Quarterly and Annual Averages, 1992-95 .... B-8-15 Prices Paid Program Schedule .................................. B-16 Index of Prices Paid, 1910-14=100 and 1990-92=100: PPITW, PITW, Production Items, 1992-95 ........................ B-8 Component Items, Interest, Taxes, Wage Rates, Farm and Non Farm Origin, ............................................... B-9-15 Ratios,by Months and Annual Averages, 1992-95 .................. B-14 Report Features The next "Agricultural Prices" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on February 29, 1996. Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Economic Statistics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Economic Statistics Branch Robert W. Milton, Chief (202) 720-3570 Commodity Prices Section (Prices Received) Herb Vanderberry, Head - Prices Received Indexes (202) 720-5446 James Hand - Potatoes, Hogs, Sheep & Lambs, Milk, Wool (202) 690-3236 Gail Hanneman - Grains, Oilseeds, Hay (202) 690-0270 Joel Moore - Cattle, Cotton, Poultry (202) 690-3234 Howard Hill - Fruits, Peanuts, Tobacco, Sugar Crops (202) 720-7235 Kirby Cavett - Vegetables (202) 690-3237 Farm Inputs Section (Prices Paid) Douglas Kleweno, Head (202) 720-4214 Daryl Brinkman - Prices Paid Indexes, Feed, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Seeds (202) 690-3226 Jim Williams - Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Fuels, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios, Grazing Fees, Autos & Trucks (202) 690-3225 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. SUBSCRIBE TODAY!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are now available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and select: 1. Worldwide Web: http://www.usda.gov/nass/ OR 2. For Gopher/Telenet/FTP access: HOST=usda.mannlib.cornell.edu OR 3. For a subscription direct to your e-mail address, send an e-mail messa usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu and in the body of the message t the word: list PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 1-800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada) Other areas, please call l-703-834-0125 FAX: 1-703-834-0110 (Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) ASSISTANCE For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about products or services, contact the NASS INFORMATION HOTLINE 1-800-727-9540, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., or e-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV.