HDR1012000120011230961500Agricultural Prices Released December 30, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Prices" call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV. The "Agricultural Prices" U.S. Summary is available on AutoFax, (202) 720-2000, report 6050. Prices Received Index Drops 2 Points The All Farm Products Index of Prices Received in December was 108 based on 1990-92=100, down 2 points (1.8 percent) from November. Price declines from November for wheat, corn, oranges, lettuce, cattle, and milk more than offset price increases for cottonseed, strawberries, broilers, and eggs. The seasonal changes in the mix of commodities farmers sell also affect the overall index level. However, these changes were essentially offsetting in December. Compared with December 1995, the All Farm Products Index was unchanged. Price increases from December 1995 for hay, soybeans, grapes, hogs, eggs, and broilers were offset by price decreases for corn, wheat, cotton, potatoes, and sorghum. Prices Paid Index Down 1 Point The December Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) was 114 percent of the 1990-92 average. The index rose 2 points (1.8 percent) from December 1995. Since November 1996, lower prices for complete feeds and feed grains were partially offset by higher fertilizer, auto and truck, and agricultural chemical prices. Prices were slightly higher for farm machinery and livestock purchased groups. Index Summary Table ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 Index :----------------------------------------------------- 1990-92=100 : Nov : Dec : Nov : Dec ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Prices Received : 106 : 108 : 110 : 108 : : : : Prices Paid 1/ : 111 : 112 : 115 : 114 : : : : Ratio 2/ : 95 : 96 : 96 : 95 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices paid indexes (1990-92=100) published monthly beginning January 1996. Indexes for 1995 were constructed for historical comparison. 2/ Ratio of index of prices received by farmers to index of prices paid. Pr 1 (12-96) Prices Received by Farmers The December All Farm Products Index was 108 percent of its 1990-92 base, down 1.8 percent from November and unchanged from December 1995. All Crops: The December index was 112, down 3.4 percent from November and 5.1 percent below December 1995. From November, price declines for feed grains, food grains, and vegetables more than offset price increases for oilseeds. Feed Grains & Hay: The December index was 113, down 3.4 percent from last month and 14 percent below December 1995. Corn prices, at $2.56 per bushel, declined 10 cents from November and were 51 cents below the December 1995 price. The third largest production on record and increased marketings caused prices to fall. Prices received for barley and sorghum also declined from last month. Hay prices were above last month. Oil-Bearing Crops: The December index, at 124, was up 4.2 percent from both November and December 1995. Soybean prices, at $6.92 per bushel, increased 2 cents from November. Expected tighter supplies at the end of the marketing year has been the major factor in the price increase. Prices for peanuts and cottonseed were also up from last month. Food Grains: The December index, at 135, was down 2.9 percent from the previous month and 16 percent below December 1995. The December all wheat price, at $4.02 per bushel, was down 12 cents from November and 86 cents below the December 1995 price. Projected increases in global production caused domestic prices to fall. Fruit and Nuts: The December all fruit and nuts index, at 105, decreased 16 percent from the previous month but was 13 percent above December 1995. Lower prices for oranges, lemons, and apples contributed most to the decrease. Cotton: The December index, at 115, was unchanged from November but 8.0 percent below December 1995. The December cotton price, at 69.8 cents per pound, was up 0.1 cent from November but 5.9 cents below December 1995. Livestock & Products: The December index, at 103, was up 1.0 percent from November and 7.3 percent above a year earlier. Broiler and egg prices were up while cattle, milk, and turkey prices were down. Hog prices were unchanged. Meat Animals: The December index, at 89, was 1.1 percent below November but 6.0 percent above a year ago. The December beef cattle price, at $60.70 per cwt, was $2.50 below November but 10 cents above a year ago. The December hog price, at $54.40 per cwt, was unchanged from November, and was $10.90 above last year. Fed cattle supplies are up 3 percent while domestic demand for beef weakened seasonally. Weekly hog slaughter is running 5 percent below a year ago. Dairy Products: The December index, at 109, was 5.2 percent below November, but 2.8 percent above last year. The December all milk price, at $14.20 per cwt, was 80 cents below November. Cheese and butter prices continue to weaken. Poultry and Eggs: The December index, at 130, was 2.4 percent above November and 10 percent above a year ago. Broilers increased 0.7 cents to 41.6 cents per pound. Eggs increased 5.0 cents to 87.7 cents per dozen. Turkeys decreased 1.8 cents to 43.6 cents per pound. There is continued strong export demand for all poultry and egg products. Index Numbers of Prices Received by Farmers, United States, December 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14=100 : 1990-92=100 1/ :------------------------------------------------------ Index : : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 :Average:---------------------------------------------- :1990-92: Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Farm Products : 639 685 *697 685 108 110 108 : All Crops : 500 583 574 554 118 116 112 Food Grains : 325 511 *441 429 161 *139 135 Feed Grains & Hay : 363 470 *417 405 131 *117 113 Cotton : 517 640 *589 590 125 *115 115 Tobacco : 1263 1604 *1670 1674 106 110 111 Oil-Bearing Crops : 554 653 *651 677 119 *119 124 Fruit & Nuts : 716 652 870 733 93 125 105 Commercial Vegetables : 698 623 *734 606 93 *110 91 Potatoes & Dry Beans : 540 548 *459 429 108 *91 85 Other Crops : 493 525 532 532 106 108 108 : Livestock & Products : 768 738 *785 786 96 *102 103 Meat Animals : 1021 854 *916 910 84 *90 89 Dairy Products : 799 854 *922 873 106 *115 109 Poultry & Eggs : 282 331 358 366 118 127 130 : Food Commodities : 102 *108 106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ 1990-92=100 reference replaced 1977=100 in January 1995. Selected Index Numbers for Prices Received and Paid by Farmers, 1990-92=100, by Months, United States, 1995 and 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Index of Prices Received : Index of Prices Paid :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Livestock : : Month : All Farm : All : and : All : Production : Products : Crops : Products : Items : Items :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan : 98 108 103 122 93 94 109 113 108 113 Feb : 97 106 101 122 94 93 109 113 108 113 Mar : 99 109 107 129 93 93 109 114 108 114 Apr : 99 108 112 129 90 93 109 114 108 114 May : 100 111 117 131 88 96 109 115 109 115 Jun : 100 118 113 141 90 99 110 115 109 115 Jul : 101 118 114 136 91 103 110 115 109 116 Aug : 103 116 114 130 92 103 110 115 109 116 Sep : 104 116 115 125 94 106 110 115 109 116 Oct : 104 112 114 119 92 103 111 115 110 114 Nov : 106 110 117 116 94 102 111 115 111 114 Dec : 108 108 118 112 96 103 112 114 112 114 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received by Farmers, United States, December 1996, with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Dec : Nov : Dec : : : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Field Crops : : : : Barley, All : Bu : 2.12 3.15 2.65 2.48 Feed : Bu : 1.90 2.94 2.33 2.19 Malting : Bu : 2.43 3.31 3.02 2.91 Beans, Dry Edible : Cwt : 19.10 20.60 25.20 23.40 Corn : Bu : 2.30 3.07 2.66 2.56 Cotton, Upland : Lb : .606 .757 .697 .698 Cottonseed : Ton : 96.00 116.00 114.00 133.00 : : Flaxseed : Bu : 4.27 5.03 6.50 6.68 Hay, All, Baled 1/ : Ton : 76.30 81.30 95.40 96.00 Alfalfa 1/ : Ton : 77.20 85.70 100.00 102.00 Other 1/ : Ton : 60.00 68.00 76.60 77.50 Oats : Bu : 1.22 1.91 1.83 1.84 Peanuts, In-Shell : Lb : .304 .286 .250 .266 Potatoes : Cwt : 5.82 6.29 4.55 4.32 : : Rice, Rough : Cwt : 7.07 9.36 9.53 9.24 Sorghum Grain : Cwt : 3.75 5.66 4.08 3.84 Soybeans : Bu : 5.61 6.76 6.90 6.92 Sunflower 2/ : Cwt : 9.50 10.70 11.90 11.50 Tobacco : Lb : 1.740 1.845 1.920 1.925 : : Wheat, All : Bu : 2.96 4.88 4.14 4.02 Winter : Bu : 2.93 4.87 4.05 3.98 Durum : Bu : 2.86 5.75 4.56 4.60 Other Spring : Bu : 3.11 4.73 4.11 3.92 Hard Red : Bu : 2.95 4.81 4.14 Soft Red : Bu : 2.87 4.67 3.72 White : Bu : 3.24 4.85 3.88 : : Fruit : : : : Citrus-Equiv on-tree : : Grapefruit : Box : 5.77 1.71 2.52 2.26 Lemons : Box : 10.10 2.90 8.01 6.60 Limes : Box : 10.15 8.83 3.50 2.57 Oranges : Box : 5.79 3.55 4.07 3.54 Tangelos : Box : 5.82 3.53 3.95 2.76 Tangerines : Box : 15.11 11.06 5.59 7.57 Temples : Box : 6.23 : : Non-citrus : : Apples, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .212 .240 .241 .235 Grapes, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 506.00 680.00 1430.00 Peaches, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .216 Pears, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 370.00 324.00 596.00 568.00 Strawberries, Fresh: Lb : .560 1.44 1.84 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Mid-month price. 2/ KS, MN, ND and SD average. 3/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (pears only) and WA (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states. -- continued Prices Received by Farmers, United States, December 1996, with Comparisons (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Dec : Nov : Dec : : : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Vegetables, Fresh 1/ : : : : Asparagus : Cwt : 79.80 Broccoli : Cwt : 22.50 26.90 30.60 26.80 Cantaloupes : Cwt : 23.10 Carrots : Cwt : 13.20 15.40 16.30 18.20 Cauliflower : Cwt : 26.80 34.10 29.90 37.00 Celery : Cwt : 11.60 11.40 12.40 10.80 Corn, Sweet : Cwt : 15.70 24.80 17.70 19.20 Cucumbers 2/ : Cwt : 13.60 20.70 18.00 Lettuce : Cwt : 11.90 11.60 18.20 8.51 Onions : Cwt : 12.80 9.80 10.80 10.50 Snap Beans 2/ : Cwt : 53.40 42.80 42.40 Tomatoes : Cwt : 32.30 24.90 29.90 28.00 : : Livestock : : : : Calves : Cwt : 94.30 63.30 61.20 60.70 Cattle, All Beef : Cwt : 72.90 60.60 63.20 60.70 Cows : Cwt : 49.60 30.40 28.00 27.60 Steers & Heifers : Cwt : 77.10 64.70 68.70 65.50 Milk Cows 3/ : Head : 1130.00 : : Hogs, All : Cwt : 47.70 43.50 54.40 54.40 Barrows & Gilts : Cwt : 48.40 44.30 54.60 54.70 Sows : Cwt : 39.50 31.60 51.00 48.80 : : Lambs : Cwt : 56.20 76.50 84.50 Sheep : Cwt : 23.40 26.00 29.70 : : Dairy and Poultry : : : : Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 13.06 13.90 15.00 5/14.20 Fluid Grade : Cwt : 13.10 14.00 15.10 5/14.30 Mfg Grade : Cwt : 11.80 12.90 12.50 5/11.90 : : Broilers, Live 6/ : Lb : .317 .363 .409 .416 Eggs, All 7/ : Doz : .643 .810 .827 .877 Market 7/8/ : Doz : .546 .718 .740 .800 Turkeys, Live 6/7/ : Lb : .380 .440 .454 .436 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted for Seasonal : : Variation : : Eggs, All : Doz : .545 .771 .861 .835 Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 9.71 13.63 14.42 13.92 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ F.O.B. shipping point. 2/ Monthly estimates began January 1995. 3/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for Jan, Apr, Jul, and Oct. 4/ Before deductions for hauling and government witholding, but includes bulk tank, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 5/ Fat test percent: all milk 3.82, fluid milk 3.81, mfg grade 3.97. 6/ Equivalent liveweight returns to producers for most States. 7/ Mid-month price. 8/ Includes eggs sold retail by the producer. Wheat: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Winter Wheat : Durum Wheat : Oth Spring Wheat State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Bushel : AR : 3.94 3.80 3.94 3.80 CA : 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ CO : 4.16 4.02 4.16 4.02 4.20 4.05 ID : 3.99 3.81 3.93 3.75 4.10 3.90 IL : 3.59 3.65 3.59 3.65 IN : 3.24 3.60 3.24 3.60 KS : 4.17 4.19 4.17 4.19 MI : 3.56 3.60 3.56 3.60 MN : 4.31 3.91 4.43 3.60 4.22 4.50 4.31 3.90 MO : 3.81 3.80 3.81 3.80 MT : 4.25 4.20 4.15 4.20 4.74 4.70 4.26 4.15 NE : 4.17 4.05 4.17 4.05 ND : 4.22 4.14 3.35 3.60 4.55 4.60 3.97 3.85 OH : 3.67 3.80 3.67 3.80 OK : 4.14 4.12 4.14 4.12 OR : 3.93 3.85 3.93 3.85 SD : 3.89 3.83 3.94 3.86 3.85 4.40 3.83 3.78 TX : 4.07 4.15 4.07 4.15 WA : 3.92 3.87 3.89 3.85 4.13 4.09 : US : 4.14 4.02 4.05 3.98 4.56 4.60 4.11 3.92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. Prices Received for Selected Agricultural Commodities, by Months, United States, 1995 and 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Corn : Soybeans :Beef Cattle 1/: All Hogs Month:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 :1996 2/:1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/: 1995 :1996 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- Dollars per Bushel --------- ---- Dollars per Cwt ----- : Jan : 3.69 4.83 2.19 3.09 5.47 6.78 67.60 59.10 36.80 42.30 Feb : 3.61 4.98 2.23 3.37 5.40 7.00 68.80 57.90 39.10 46.40 Mar : 3.52 5.07 2.30 3.51 5.51 7.00 66.90 56.70 37.80 48.60 Apr : 3.48 5.32 2.36 3.85 5.55 7.43 63.30 54.80 35.60 49.70 May : 3.67 5.75 2.42 4.14 5.56 7.69 60.80 54.60 37.10 56.70 Jun : 3.84 5.26 2.51 4.20 5.68 7.41 60.90 56.10 42.20 56.20 Jul : 4.10 4.73 2.63 4.43 5.90 7.62 59.50 58.90 46.30 58.70 Aug : 4.26 4.58 2.63 4.30 5.83 7.82 59.40 60.30 48.60 59.70 Sep : 4.53 4.37 2.69 3.56 5.98 7.79 59.10 63.70 48.40 54.70 Oct : 4.72 4.18 2.79 2.89 6.16 6.95 58.80 63.10 45.70 55.60 Nov : 4.81 4.14 2.87 2.66 6.40 6.90 60.70 63.20 39.90 54.40 Dec : 4.88 4.02 3.07 2.56 6.76 6.92 60.60 60.70 43.50 54.40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows, steers and heifers. 2/ Current month prices are mid-month; prices for previous months are for the entire month. Grains: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Barley 1/ : Corn : Oats : Soybeans : Sorghum Grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/: Nov 2/: Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------------- Dollars per Bushel ---------------- Dollars per Cwt : AL : AR : 7.25 7.10 4.60 4.22 CA : 3.04 4/ CO : 3.00 2.96 2.91 2.47 GA : 3.22 3.15 6.71 6.76 ID : 3.15 2.87 IL : 2.73 2.70 2.46 2.35 6.94 7.00 4.00 3.95 IN : 2.69 2.65 6.90 6.96 IA : 2.61 2.45 1.94 1.94 6.80 6.73 KS : 2.76 2.51 6.67 6.77 3.96 3.72 KY : 2.79 2.75 7.06 7.10 LA : 7.11 6.89 MI : 2.56 2.50 2.21 2.15 6.80 6.90 MN : 2.32 1.97 2.53 2.30 1.77 1.70 6.69 6.60 MS : 7.13 6.97 MO : 2.59 2.60 6.67 6.80 3.77 3.85 MT : 3.17 2.98 1.54 1.70 NE : 2.68 2.60 2.46 2.00 6.79 6.90 4.27 4.00 NC : 3.17 3.00 6.85 6.79 ND : 2.33 2.23 1.70 1.70 OH : 2.68 2.70 2.45 2.40 6.86 7.00 OK : 4.49 3.91 OR : 2.31 2.40 2.06 2.05 PA : 2.81 2.87 2.10 2.09 SD : 2.65 2.37 2.30 2.23 1.62 1.69 6.49 6.55 TN : 7.01 7.05 TX : 2.95 2.77 4.28 4.04 UT : 2.96 2.66 WA : 2.43 2.44 WI : 2.70 2.50 1.80 1.70 WY : 3.28 3.15 : US : 2.65 2.48 2.66 2.56 1.83 1.84 6.90 6.92 4.08 3.84 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The Three-State (MN, ND and SD) Feed Barley price for December 1996 is $1.96. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Malting and Feed Barley: Prices Received Selected States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Malting Barley : Feed Barley State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov : Dec : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Bushel : ID : 3.31 3.20 2.46 2.37 MN : 1/ 2.40 2.33 1.90 MT : 3.54 3.40 2.32 2.35 ND : 2.46 2.50 2.22 2.00 SD : 2.72 2.50 2.50 1.87 WY : 1/ 1/ 2.85 2.30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Price not publish to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Field Crops: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dry Edible : : : : : Beans : Sunflower : Flaxseed : Tobacco : Peanuts 4/5/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 3/: Nov 1/: Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- Dollars per Cwt ---- Dollars per Bu --- Dollars per Pound --- : AL : .237 7/ CA : 37.70 38.70 CO : 23.20 22.70 FL : .269 .236 GA : .264 7/ ID : 24.10 24.00 IN : 1.920 1.920 KS : 7/ 7/ KY : 1.925 1.930 MD : MI : 22.90 20.50 MN : 26.10 24.00 13.30 11.30 MO : 1.920 1.920 NE : 20.70 20.00 NC : 1.920 1.920 .204 .197 ND : 20.90 20.20 12.40 12.50 6.49 6.70 OH : 1.925 1.925 OK : SC : SD : 10.50 9.90 7/ 6.50 TN : 1.915 1.915 TX : .268 .312 VA : 1.920 1.920 .200 .225 WV : 1.920 1.920 : US : 25.20 23.40 11.90 11.50 6.50 6.68 1.920 1.925 .250 .266 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Based on sales through first half of month. 4/ In-shell. 5/ Includes additional loan peanuts at loan value. 6/ Sales volume insufficient to establish a state price, but all sales included in U.S. price. 7/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. Tobacco: Prices Received, by Area and Type, December 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dec : Nov : Dec Class by Type : Type : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars per Pound : : Fire-cured : : VA Belt : 21 : 1.635 1.780 Total Fire-cured : 21-23: 1.635 1.780 : : Light Air-cured : : Burley : 31 : 1.850 1.920 1.920 Total Light Air-cured : 31-32: 1.850 1.920 1.920 : : Dark Air-cured : : One Sucker Belt : 35 : 1.865 2.015 Green River Belt : 36 : 1.810 1.990 KY-TN Dark Air-cured: 35-36: 1.845 2.010 : : Sun cured -Belt : : VA : 37 : 1.540 1.765 : : Total Dark Air-cured : 35-37: 1.840 2.005 : : US : 11-37: 1.845 1.920 1.925 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Field Crops and Apples: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : December : Cotton, Upland :------------------------------------------------- State : : Cotton- : Hay, Baled 3/ : Apples :-------------------: seed :----------------------------: Fresh : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : : All : Alfalfa : Other : Use 1/4/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound -------- Dollars per Ton ------- Dol/Lb : AL : .697 .733 109.00 AZ : .687 .750 156.00 121.00 123.00 90.00 AR : .695 .724 100.00 CA : .772 .778 174.00 117.00 118.00 84.00 .310 CO : 98.00 99.00 88.00 GA : .731 .721 95.00 ID : 94.00 94.00 83.00 IL : 107.00 112.00 87.00 IA : 106.00 111.00 73.00 KS : 87.00 90.00 70.00 KY : 78.00 112.00 72.00 LA : .655 .694 125.00 MI : 117.00 120.00 100.00 .180 MN : 87.00 91.00 73.00 MS : .681 .660 102.00 MO : 68.00 102.00 61.00 MT : 84.00 85.00 72.00 NE : 66.00 69.00 49.00 NV : 102.00 104.00 84.00 NM : 130.00 134.00 98.00 NY : 91.00 103.00 79.00 .174 NC : .746 .700 105.00 ND : 47.00 51.00 37.00 OH : 150.00 180.00 100.00 .287 OK : 98.00 120.00 65.00 OR : 103.00 107.00 76.00 PA : 123.00 140.00 113.00 .210 SD : 75.00 84.00 53.00 TN : .694 .666 100.00 TX : .650 .656 131.00 82.00 141.00 79.00 UT : 77.00 78.00 46.00 VA : .245 WA : 110.00 108.00 140.00 .238 WI : 79.00 80.00 70.00 WY : 78.00 78.00 70.00 : US : .697 .698 133.00 96.00 102.00 77.50 .235 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on sales during the first half of the month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY, and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. Upland Cotton and Rice: Prices Received and Marketings, United States, December 1996, with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : Unit : Oct 1996 1/ : Nov 1996 1/ :Dec 1996 2/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Cotton, Upland : : Average Price : Dollars/Pound : .715 .697 .698 Marketings 3/ : 1,000 Bales : 1902 3096 NA : : Rice : : Average Price : Dollars/Cwt : 9.54 9.53 9.24 Marketings 4/ : 1,000 Cwt : 11806 12346 NA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on purchases for the first half of the month. 3/ Expanded data from sample of about 56 percent of buyers. 4/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. Citrus Fruit: Prices and Equivalent Returns, by Utilization, by State and United States, December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Equivalent Returns Commodity, : F.O.B. :----------------------------------------------- State : Packed : Packinghouse-door : On-tree and Area : Fresh :----------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh :Process ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Box 1/ Grapefruit : AZ : 14.00 8.56 8.56 6.62 6.62 CA 2/ : 13.20 5.29 7.76 -0.28 3.35 5.82 -2.22 FL : 12.30 4.20 5.86 0.86 1.91 3.86 -2.01 White Seedless : 12.70 4.37 6.30 1.20 2.10 4.30 -1.50 Colored Seedless: 12.20 4.18 5.80 0.80 1.88 3.80 -2.10 TX : 14.10 4.54 5.40 1.50 3.40 4.25 0.40 : CA-AZ 2/ : 13.60 6.71 8.18 -0.28 4.77 6.24 -2.22 : US : 12.70 4.29 5.75 0.96 2.26 3.97 -1.61 : Lemons : AZ : 29.70 12.47 21.26 1.08 8.83 17.62 -2.56 CA : 28.20 8.38 19.76 1.08 4.74 16.12 -2.56 : US : 29.00 10.24 20.58 1.08 6.60 16.94 -2.56 : Limes : FL : 22.00 8.29 10.80 2.00 2.57 4.80 -3.00 : Oranges : AZ : Navel and Misc : 17.90 8.40 11.88 -0.48 6.42 9.90 -2.46 CA : Navel and Misc : 16.40 8.68 10.38 -0.48 6.70 8.40 -2.46 FL : Early and Mids : 12.50 5.33 6.10 5.25 3.33 4.10 3.25 TX : Early and Mids : 14.70 5.08 6.00 1.85 3.79 4.70 0.60 : CA-AZ : Navel and Misc : 16.40 8.67 10.43 -0.48 6.69 8.45 -2.46 : US : 14.00 5.53 7.56 5.17 3.54 5.61 3.18 : Tangelos : FL : 13.30 5.69 6.90 4.50 2.76 4.45 1.10 : Tangerines : AZ : 21.60 12.52 15.70 0.02 10.44 13.62 -2.06 CA : 24.20 13.38 18.30 -0.32 11.30 16.22 -2.40 FL : 22.00 10.94 13.90 4.60 7.26 10.60 0.10 : US : 22.10 11.12 14.21 4.29 7.57 11.02 -0.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Approximate net contents per box are as follows: Grapefruit - AZ and CA 67 lbs, FL 85 lbs, TX 80 lbs; Lemons - 76 lbs; Limes - 88 lbs; Oranges - AZ and CA 75 lbs, FL 90 lbs, TX 85 lbs; Tangelos - 90 lbs; Tangerines - AZ and CA 75 lbs, FL 95 lbs. 2/ California Desert Valley and Other Areas Grapefruit estimates combined with All Grapefruit beginning in 1995-96. Potatoes: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : :: : : State : Nov : Dec :: State : Nov : Dec : : :: : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt :: : Dollars per Cwt : :: : AL : :: NC : AZ : :: ND - All 1/ : 4.55 4.85 CA - All : 8.75 8.85 :: - Fresh 2/ : 4.80 NA - Winter : 19.80 23.50 :: - Processing : 4.00 NA - Spring : :: OH : 6.10 7.00 - Summer : :: OR : 4.55 4.20 - Fall : 5.05 4.95 :: PA : 6.85 7.30 CO - All 1/ : 2.25 1.95 :: TX : - Fresh 2/ : 2.04 NA :: VA : FL : :: WA - All : 4.65 4.65 ID - All 1/ : 3.95 3.60 :: - Processing : 4.80 NA - Fresh 2/ : 3.00 NA :: WI - All 1/ : 4.05 4.40 - Processing : 4.60 NA :: - Fresh 2/ : 3.25 NA ME : 4.35 4.70 :: - Processing : 4.80 NA MI : 5.50 5.35 :: : MN : 4.55 4.50 :: US - All 1/ : 4.55 4.32 NY : 6.75 6.70 :: - Fresh 2/ : 4.18 NA : :: - Processing : 4.76 NA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Average price of potatoes sold for all uses, including table stock, processing, seed and livestock feed. 2/ Fresh market prices only, includes table stock prices. Cattle: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cows 1/ : Steers & Heifers: Beef Cattle 4/ : Calves State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : AZ : 27.00 26.50 65.00 64.00 59.70 59.90 60.50 59.00 AR : 29.00 28.10 56.30 57.60 41.30 41.40 47.00 48.20 CA : 29.00 30.00 57.00 58.00 43.60 44.60 55.00 56.00 CO : 29.90 30.00 68.90 66.40 65.80 63.50 63.50 66.60 FL : 27.00 28.20 48.00 46.50 32.70 33.50 55.20 56.80 GA : 26.70 27.70 47.70 48.10 33.00 33.80 51.50 51.30 ID : 26.20 25.70 60.10 59.00 48.90 49.70 57.00 58.00 IL : 27.90 26.00 70.30 67.70 69.50 66.90 91.00 90.00 IA : 27.50 26.00 69.90 66.10 57.20 54.10 55.10 55.20 KS : 27.50 28.60 69.20 64.80 67.90 63.70 62.00 61.00 KY : 28.00 28.00 49.00 50.00 44.00 44.70 46.00 47.00 LA : 26.40 27.00 49.00 51.00 34.50 34.70 52.00 54.00 MI : 29.20 29.00 56.40 55.50 51.00 50.20 48.00 47.00 MN : 26.70 26.10 67.10 65.20 65.10 63.20 46.10 45.50 MO : 27.20 27.90 57.20 56.30 50.90 50.30 56.10 55.60 MT : 32.40 32.40 61.50 62.10 58.90 55.90 62.50 64.40 NE : 27.50 27.30 73.20 67.80 71.40 66.20 65.40 59.40 NM : 33.50 34.00 56.10 55.60 46.20 45.70 57.00 56.20 ND : 27.60 28.00 59.80 59.00 48.50 46.60 60.20 60.00 OH : 27.00 26.00 62.20 60.00 58.70 56.60 44.00 45.00 OK : 26.00 27.70 61.20 62.30 52.40 53.70 60.80 62.00 OR : 30.00 31.00 55.00 55.00 47.50 47.80 54.00 54.00 PA : 29.10 28.50 68.30 66.50 58.10 56.60 62.90 65.00 SD : 26.80 24.10 68.30 66.60 60.80 55.60 68.20 72.40 TN : 25.00 24.70 51.70 51.50 41.00 40.80 49.20 50.10 TX : 26.70 27.50 66.10 65.50 62.20 61.70 59.00 59.10 VA : 25.70 27.00 49.20 49.20 43.10 39.70 45.40 45.90 WI : 29.70 26.80 63.70 60.20 44.00 40.80 92.90 92.40 WY : 31.20 30.50 62.90 62.00 55.00 52.60 63.30 65.00 : US : 28.00 27.60 68.70 65.50 63.20 60.70 61.20 60.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ "Cows" and "steers and heifers" combined. Hogs: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Sows : Barrows and Gilts : All Hogs State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : GA : 48.20 48.50 51.10 52.20 50.80 51.80 IL : 50.20 47.10 53.20 54.80 53.00 54.20 IN : 53.90 50.60 52.70 53.20 52.80 52.90 IA : 53.60 51.20 55.60 54.60 55.60 54.50 KS : 51.80 48.30 54.00 53.30 53.80 52.70 KY : 49.00 48.00 54.00 54.00 53.80 53.80 MI : 47.30 46.50 56.00 55.00 54.50 54.30 MN : 53.10 50.10 56.10 57.00 56.00 56.70 MO : 50.60 49.00 52.60 54.10 52.50 53.70 NE : 53.10 52.10 56.10 56.30 56.10 56.20 NC : 53.00 51.00 55.50 54.50 55.50 54.50 OH : 48.70 46.00 53.70 53.00 53.40 52.70 PA : 48.00 47.40 53.00 54.50 52.30 53.40 SC : 47.50 47.80 51.10 51.00 50.90 50.80 SD : 45.10 42.10 56.40 56.90 54.90 55.30 TN : 51.80 48.80 52.10 52.20 52.10 51.90 TX : 42.10 43.00 50.10 51.60 49.00 50.40 VA : 46.00 45.70 53.10 54.60 53.00 54.40 WI : 45.60 42.90 53.20 53.70 52.20 52.30 : US : 51.00 48.80 54.60 54.70 54.40 54.40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month 2/ Mid-month. Sheep and Poultry: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : November : December :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Sheep : Lambs : Turkeys : Broilers: Eggs : 1/ : 1/ : 2/3/ : 1/4/ : 2/5/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- Dollars per Cwt ---- Dollars per Pound Dol/Doz : AL : .425 .800 AZ : AR : .46 .420 .830 CA : 28.50 84.00 .49 .405 .860 CO : 31.60 84.20 CT : .830 DE : .410 FL : .800 GA : .425 .826 ID : 25.50 80.00 IN : .43 .830 IA : 25.30 80.00 .45 .743 KS : 29.00 81.00 ME : .820 MD : .410 MI : .820 MN : 24.90 80.70 .42 .750 MS : .420 .853 MO : .42 .757 MT : 31.40 88.40 NE : 31.70 79.00 NM : NY : .830 NC : .42 .390 .752 OH : 27.90 81.60 .753 OR : 22.00 82.00 PA : .44 .400 .750 SC : .837 SD : 30.50 91.20 TX : 36.50 82.40 .430 .870 UT : 26.00 83.00 VA : .41 .410 WA : .815 WY : 29.90 89.10 : US : 29.70 84.50 .436 .416 .800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ IN, IA, MN and PA are actual liveweight prices. All other State prices are equivalent liveweight returns to producers (see footnote 4 for formula). 4/ Equivalent liveweight returns to producers. Derived from ready-to-cook (RTC) prices using the following formula: (RTC price minus processing cost) * (dressing percentage) = equivalent liveweight price. 5/ Market (table) eggs. Includes eggs sold retail by the producer. Milk and Milk Cows: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : November : December :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Fluid Grade : Manufacturing : All Milk : All Milk : : Milk 1/ : Grade Milk : 2/ : 2/3/ : Milk :---------------------------------------------------------------:Cows 4/ : Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Head : AL : 18.10 3.63 18.10 3.63 16.50 3.60 AR : 17.50 3.72 14.70 3.90 17.50 3.72 16.50 3.75 CA : 14.00 3.80 12.50 4.15 13.94 3.81 13.30 3.89 CO : 14.90 3.78 14.90 3.78 14.40 3.82 FL : 20.10 3.51 20.10 3.51 18.80 3.53 GA : 17.70 3.69 17.70 3.69 16.50 3.67 ID : 12.80 3.71 12.80 3.99 12.80 3.73 12.10 3.77 IL : 14.80 3.88 13.50 3.68 14.70 3.87 14.20 3.90 IN : 16.20 3.83 13.00 3.88 16.00 3.83 14.60 3.82 IA : 14.10 3.89 12.20 4.01 13.90 3.90 13.60 3.91 KS : 14.30 3.82 12.70 3.95 14.30 3.82 13.50 3.85 KY : 17.10 3.70 12.90 3.91 17.00 3.70 15.80 3.76 LA : 17.70 3.62 17.70 3.62 17.00 3.55 MD : 16.50 3.78 16.50 3.78 15.20 3.78 MI : 15.90 3.80 10.90 3.93 15.90 3.80 14.90 3.84 MN : 13.70 3.86 11.80 3.95 13.49 3.87 12.90 3.87 MS : 17.70 3.62 17.70 3.62 16.50 3.65 MO : 16.20 3.79 12.50 4.02 16.00 3.80 15.60 3.81 NE : 14.40 3.92 12.00 4.00 14.20 3.93 13.00 3.91 NM : 13.70 3.60 13.70 3.60 13.40 3.63 NY : 15.50 3.78 15.50 3.78 14.40 3.77 NC : 18.60 3.70 11.50 4.07 18.50 3.70 17.20 3.74 ND : 14.50 3.85 13.00 3.91 13.90 3.88 13.40 3.85 OH : 16.10 3.82 11.90 3.89 15.70 3.83 14.60 3.86 OK : 16.90 3.69 16.90 3.69 15.70 3.70 OR : 14.50 3.74 13.60 4.15 14.50 3.74 13.20 3.75 PA : 16.70 3.76 11.50 4.04 16.60 3.76 16.20 3.78 TN : 17.30 3.67 14.10 3.90 17.30 3.67 16.10 3.71 TX : 16.40 3.67 16.40 3.67 16.00 3.66 UT : 14.00 3.76 13.20 3.81 13.90 3.77 13.70 3.78 VT : 16.30 3.87 16.30 3.87 15.70 3.86 VA : 16.70 3.62 13.50 3.67 16.70 3.62 16.10 3.65 WA : 14.50 3.74 14.50 3.74 13.00 3.80 WI : 13.94 3.91 12.84 4.04 13.85 3.92 13.00 3.89 : US : 15.10 3.79 12.50 3.98 15.00 3.80 14.20 3.82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Including milk diverted to manufacturing. 2/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 3/ Preliminary. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices published Jan, Apr, Jul and Oct. Parity Price Equivalent for Manufacturing Milk 1/: United States, November and December 1996, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Dec 1995 : Nov 1996 : Dec 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity Equivalent.........Dol per Cwt : 25.23 26.41 26.35 Average Price F.O.B.......Dol per Cwt : 12.90 12.50 2/11.90 Average Fat Test of Milk..Percent : 3.94 3.98 2/3.97 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The parity price equivalent during 1996 is 91.5 percent of the parity price of all milk sold to plants, compared with 91.5 percent in 1995. For additional details, see January 1996 issue of "Agricultural Prices". 2/ Preliminary. United States Parity Prices for Farm Products and Average Prices Received as Percent of Parity Prices Based on Data for December 1996, with Comparisons 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity Prices :Prices as Percent :Adjusted: Based on Data for : of Parity Commodity and Unit : Base :------------------------------------------ : Prices : Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec : : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 : 1995: 1996: 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- Dollars ---------- ---- Percents ---- Basic Commodities : All Wheat, Bu : .618 8.69 9.31 9.27 56 44 43 Rice, Cwt : 1.70 24.30 25.60 25.50 39 37 36 Corn, Bu : .411 5.89 6.19 6.17 52 43 41 Cotton, Lb : American Upland : .114 1.61 1.72 1.71 47 41 41 Extra Long Staple : .152 2.09 2.29 2.28 Peanuts, Lb : .0444 .624 .669 .666 46 37 40 Tobacco, By Type, Lb : Flue-Cured 11-14 : .251 3.58 3.78 3.77 VA Fire-Cured, 21 : .230 3.21 3.47 3.45 51 52 KY-TN Fire-Cured, 22-23 : .298 4.14 4.49 4.47 Burley, 31 : .260 3.67 3.92 3.90 50 49 49 Maryland, 32 : .218 3.10 3.29 3.27 Dark Air-Cured, 35-36 : .247 3.43 3.72 3.71 54 54 Sun-Cured, 37 : .206 2.82 3.10 3.09 55 PA Seedleaf, 41 : .161 2.22 2.43 2.42 Cigar Filler & Binder, : 42-44, 54-55 .198 2.82 2.98 2.97 Puerto Rican Filler, 46 : .173 2.46 2.61 2.60 Cigar Binder, 51-52 : .373 4.89 5.62 5.60 : Designated Nonbasic : All Milk, Sold to : Plants, Per Cwt : 1.92 27.60 28.90 28.80 2/49 2/50 2/48 Honey, Extracted, Lb : 3/.0812 1.15 1.22 1.22 : Wool and Mohair : Wool, Lb : .282 4.01 4.25 4.23 Mohair, Lb : .708 10.10 10.70 10.60 : Other Nonbasic : Barley, Bu : .373 5.26 5.62 5.60 60 47 44 Cottonseed, Ton : 14.90 206.00 225.00 224.00 56 51 59 Dry Edible Beans, Cwt : 3.26 46.10 49.10 48.90 45 51 48 Flaxseed, Bu : .740 10.80 11.20 11.10 47 58 60 Oats, Bu : .229 3.27 3.45 3.44 58 53 53 Potatoes, Cwt : .865 11.80 13.00 13.00 53 35 33 Rye, Bu : .281 3.88 4.23 4.22 Sorghum Grain, Cwt : .642 9.09 9.67 9.63 62 42 40 Soybeans, Bu : .886 12.60 13.40 13.30 54 51 52 Sweetpotatoes, Cwt : 1.35 19.30 20.30 20.30 Apples, Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0286 .394 .431 .429 61 56 55 Citrus (equiv on-tree),box: Grapefruit : .671 10.10 10.10 10.10 17 25 22 Lemons : 1.23 16.60 18.50 18.50 17 43 36 Limes (FL) : 1.41 20.80 21.20 21.20 42 17 12 Oranges : .824 12.60 12.40 12.40 28 33 29 Tangerines : 1.94 27.90 29.20 29.10 40 19 26 Temples (FL) : .674 10.40 10.20 10.10 Beef Cattle, Cwt : 10.10 144.00 152.00 152.00 42 42 40 Calves, Cwt : 13.00 183.00 196.00 195.00 35 31 31 Hogs, Cwt : 6.89 99.10 104.00 103.00 44 52 53 Lambs, Cwt : 10.20 145.00 154.00 153.00 53 55 Sheep, Cwt : 4.09 57.70 61.60 61.40 45 48 Eggs, Doz : .0931 1.32 1.40 1.40 2/58 2/62 2/60 Turkeys, Live, Lb : .0586 .853 .883 .879 52 51 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Parity Prices Based on Data for December 1996, United States 1/ (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity : Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity Commodities : Prices : Prices : Commodities : Prices : Prices ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : : Dollars : : : Field Crops and : :Noncitrus Fruit : Misc Commodities : : Pears, Ton : Hops, Lb : .245 3.68 : Fresh 5/ : 49.90 749.00 Spearmint Oil, Lb: 1.94 29.20 : Dried, CA 7/ : 133.00 2000.00 Tobacco, Lb : : Plums, CA, Ton : Type 61 : 2.71 40.70 : Fresh, Equiv : : : on-Tree : 58.20 873.00 Noncitrus Fruit : : Prunes, Dried, : Apples, Ton 7/ : : CA, Ton 7/ : 133.00 2000.00 Processing : 18.00 270.00 : Prunes and Plums,: Apricots, Ton : : Excl CA, Ton : Fresh 8/ : 161.00 2420.00 : Fresh 10/ : 55.90 839.00 Dried, CA : 310.00 4650.00 : Processing 7/ : Avocados, Ton 8/ : 171.00 2570.00 : Excl Dried : 18.90 284.00 Cherries : : : Sweet, Ton : 140.00 2100.00 :Tree Nuts 11/ : Tart, Lb : .0294 .441 : Almonds, Lb : .212 3.18 Cranberry, Bbl 6/: 7.10 107.00 : Hazelnuts, Ton : 117.00 1760.00 Dates, CA, Ton 8/: 137.00 2060.00 : Pistachio, Lb : .174 2.62 Grapes, Ton : : Walnuts, Ton : 164.00 2460.00 Raisin Variety : 135.00 2030.00 : : Other, Dried : 49.90 749.00 :Vegetables, Cwt 12/: Kiwifruit, Ton : 85.10 1280.00 : Fresh : Nectarines : : Carrots 9/ : 1.67 25.10 Fresh, Calif, : : Cauliflower 9/ : 4.11 61.70 Ton 8/ : 62.30 935.00 : Celery 9/ : 1.89 28.40 Olives, CA : : Honeydew Melons : 2.38 35.70 Canning, Ton 6/: 95.00 1430.00 : Lettuce : 2.14 32.10 Papayas (HA) Lb : .0388 .585 : Onions 9/ : 1.80 27.00 Peaches : : Tomatoes : 4.38 65.70 Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0406 .609 : : Dried, CA, : : : Ton : 137.00 2060.00 : : Processing 6/ : : : Excl Dried : : : Clingstone, : : : CA, Ton : 30.70 461.00 : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Average local market price, excluding incentive payments. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (except peaches), and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 7/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 8/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 9/ Includes some processing. 10/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 11/ Prices in-shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 12/ F.O.B. shipping point prices. Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1996 I. Prices Received by Farmers Month Published A. Annual or Marketing Year Average Prices: Citrus: Grapefruit, 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96 ............. Sep Oranges, 1993-94, 1994-95, and 1995-96 ............... Sep Tangerines, 1993-94, 1994-95, and 1995-96 ............ Sep Cotton, by kind, 1994 and 1994 ......................... May and Oct Cottonseed, by State, 1995 ............................. May and Oct Cranberries, by State and U.S., 1988-95 ................ Apr and Aug Field Crops, by State, 1993-94 and U.S., 1990-95 ....... Apr Limes, Florida, 1994-95 and 1995-96 .................... Jan Meat Animals, by State, 1994-95 and U.S., 1990-95 ...... Feb Milk Retail, by State, and U.S., 1990-95 ............... Apr Milk, Sold to Plants, by Grade, Price and Fat Test by State, 1994-95 and U.S., 1990-95 ..................... Apr Mohair, by State and U.S., 1995 ........................ Mar Non-citrus Fruit, 1992-95, by State .................... Feb Potatoes, by State and U.S., 1994 and Preliminary 1995 . Jan 1994 and Revised 1995 ................................ Sep Poultry and Eggs, by State, 1994-95 and U.S., 1990-95 .. Apr Rice, 1993-95 .......................................... Nov Sweetpotatoes, by State and U.S., 1994 and Preliminary 1995............................. Jan 1994 and Revised 1995 ................................ Jun Sugar Crops, United States, 1995 ....................... Jul Tobacco, by Type, State and U.S., 1994-95 .............. May Wool, by State and U.S., 1995 .......................... Mar B. Monthly and Quarterly Prices - Revised: Apples, by State and U.S., July 1994 - May 1996 ........ Feb and Jul Broilers, by State and U.S., 1990-95 ................... Apr Citrus: Grapefruit, 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96 ............. Sep Oranges, 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96 ................ Sep Tangerines, 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96 ............. Sep Cotton, Upland and Cottonseed, August 1995 - July 1996 . Oct Cotton, Upland, Farm Marketings, Aug 1995 - July 1996 .. Aug Eggs, by State, 1995 and U.S., 1990-95 ................. Apr Field Crops, by State 1994-95 and U.S., 1990-95 ........ Jan and Apr Meat Animals, by State, 1995 and U.S., 1990-95 ......... Feb Milk, Sold to Plants, by Grade: Price and Fat Test, by State, 1995 and U.S., 1990-95 . Apr Milk Cows, by State, 1995, and U.S., 1990-95 ........... Feb Peaches, U.S. May 1994 - October 1995 .................. Jan Pears, U.S., January 1994 - June 1996 .................. Jan and Jul Potatoes, by State, 1995 and U.S., 1994-95 ............. Jan and Sep Tobacco, Types 11-37, by Type, State and U.S., Jul 1994 - Jun 1995 .................................. May Turkeys, by State, 1994-95 and U.S., 1989-95 ........... Apr Vegetables, by State, 1993-95 and U.S., 1990-95 ........ Jan Wool, by State and U.S., 1995 .......................... Mar Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1995 (Cont) C. Index Numbers - Revised: Month Published Index of Prices Received by Farmers, U.S., by month Jan, Apr and year, 1992-95 .................................... Jul and Oct D. Eggs and Milk Prices, Adjusted for Seasonal Variation, Revised: Seasonally Adjusted Prices, U.S., 1992-95, and as a Percentage of Parity, 1992-95 ........................ Apr Seasonal Adjustment Factors, July 1996 - June 1997 ................................ Jul E. Parity Prices: Method of Computing .................................... Jan Average Prices for Parity Computations, U.S., 1986-95 .. Jan Manufacturing Milk: Method of Computing Parity Price Equivalent .......... Jan Average Price Received, U.S., January 1986 - December 1995 ...................................... Jan II. Five-Month U.S. Average Prices: Corn and Sorghum Grain, September 1995 - Jan 1996 (1995 Crop) ................................. Feb Rice, August - December 1995 (1995 Crop) ................. Jan III. Twelve-Month U.S. Average Prices: Upland Cotton, January - December 1995 ................... Jan Wheat, Barley, Oats, June 1995 - May 1996 (1995 Crop)..... Jun Corn and Sorghum Grain, Sep 1995 - Aug 1996 (1995 Crop)... Sep IV. Selected Field Crops: Value of Production, U.S.,1994-95.. Apr Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1996 V. Prices Paid by Farmers Month Published A. Indexes 1910-14=100 PPITW, PITW, Production Items, Component Items, Interest, Taxes and Wage Rates, Family Living, Farm and Non-Farm Origin, Crop Sector, Adjusted for Productivity, Ratio, Parity Ratio and Adjusted Parity Ratio Annual Average (1992-96) ................. Jan Apr,Jul,Oct By Month (1992-96) ....................... Jan Apr,Jul,Oct U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly 1990-92=100 PPITW, PITW, Production Items, Component Items, Interest, Taxes and Wage Rates, Family Living Farm and Non-Farm Origin, Crop Sector, Adjusted for Productivity, Ratio, Parity Ratio and Adjusted Parity Ratio Annual Average (1992-96) .................. Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct By Month (1992-96 ........................ Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly B. Prices Farm Machinery, U.S. ......................... Apr Feed by Regions and U.S. ................... Apr Feed, Annual Average, U.S. 1991-96 ............ Dec Feeder Livestock, U.S. ........................ Monthly Feeder Livestock, Annual Average, U.S., 1991-1996 ................................ Dec Fertilizer Materials, Mixed Fertilizer and Agricultural Limestone, by Region and U.S. .......................... Apr Field Seeds, Retail ......................... Apr Fuels, by Regions and U.S. .................. Apr Pesticide Materials, U.S. .................... Apr C. Feed-Price Ratios U.S. by Months and Annual Average, Jan 1993- May 1996 May U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly D. Prices Paid Program Prices Paid Survey Months, Month Published and Geographic Levels of Estimates ............... Jan Prices Paid Regions, and States Included ...... Jan E. Grazing Fee Rates Private Non-Irrigated Grazing Fee Rates by State, and Region 1995-96 ............................ Jul, Dec Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production (1964-68=100) Dec Other Data Used to Compute Public Lands Grazing Fee Rates Dec Other Hay Prices Received, Selected Eastern Regions Feb Reliability of Prices Received by Farmers Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey Procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of 2600 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total U.S. production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total marketings. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and Estimation Procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a U.S. price based on expanded marketings. Recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: For most items, the current month's price represents a 3-5 day period around the mid-month. Previous month's prices represent actual dollars received for quantities sold during the entire month. Revisions are published in monthly issues of "Agricultural Prices" and in the annual summary published in July. A schedule of monthly revisions is published in the December issue of "Agricultural Prices" and in the July annual summary. Reliability: U.S. price estimates generally have a sampling error of less than one half percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of prices received estimates for major grain commodities, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown in the table on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the 5-month corn price is 0.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current 5-month price of $2.47 per bushel will not be above or below the final 5-month price by more than 0.2 percent, or about half of a cent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence interval) that the difference will not exceed 0.3 percent, or about three-fourths of a penny. Reliability of Five-Month Prices Received Estimates 1983 - 1992 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Root Mean Square Error :: 10-Year Record of :-----------------------:: Differences Between : :90% Confidence :: Preliminary and Final Commodity : : Level ::-------------------------------------- :Percent:---------------:: Dollars : No. of Years : : : ::-------------------------------------- : :Percent:Dollars:: : : : Below : Above : : : :: Avg : Min : Max : Final : Final ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Corn : .2 .3 .008 .001 .000 .010 0 1 Wheat : .1 .2 .007 .002 .000 -.010 2 0 Sorghum : .2 .3 .007 .002 .000 -.010 1 1 Barley : .5 .9 .020 .006 .000 .030 1 2 Oats : 1.4 2.5 .035 .010 .000 .060 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Five-month prices received estimates represent weighted average prices for the first five months of the marketing year. For corn and sorghum the five month period is September-January. For wheat, barley, and oats the five month period is June-October. Prices Paid The December Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) was 114 (1990-92=100), down 0.9 percent from September but up 1.8 percent from December 1995. Production Index: The farm production, goods, and services index for December 1996, at 114, was unchanged from a month earlier but was up 1.8 percent from last December. Since November, lower feed prices were offset by higher fertilizer, agricultural chemical, and auto and truck prices. Prices were slighly higher for farm machinery and livestock purchased groups. Feed: At 113, the December feed index declined 3.4 percent from November 1996. Lower complete feed and feed grain prices pushed the December index lower. Only hay and forage prices were up from last month. The index was 6.6 percent lower than December a year ago. Fertilizer: At 127, the fertilizer index rose 0.8 percent from November and 3.3 percent from December a year ago. Since last month, higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash material prices were partially offset by lower mixed fertilizer prices. Agricultural Chemicals: The chemical index, at 119, was up 0.8 percent from November. The index was 1.7 percent above last year. Agricultural chemical prices compared to last month were slightly higher for all product categories. Livestock and Poultry: The index for livestock and poultry purchases, at 82, was unchanged from last month, but was up 3.8 percent from last year. Since last month, feeder cattle and calf prices rose $.20 to $63.90 per cwt and December feeder pig prices rose $3.00 to $105.00 per cwt. Farm Machinery: The farm machinery index, at 127, was unchanged from November. Since last December, the index rose 1.6 percent. Slight price increases in December for tractor and other machinery items were offset by lower prices for self-propelled harvesting equipment. Fuels: The fuels index, at 110, was unchanged from last month but increased 16 percent from December 1995. Higher December prices for gasoline and bulk LP gas were offset by lower diesel prices. Consumer Price Index: The November 1996 Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.2 percent before seasonal adjustment to a level of 158.6 (1982-84=100). The October index was 158.3. For the 12-month period ended in November, the overall index increased 3.3 percent. Index Numbers of Prices Paid by Farmers and Related Parity Ratios United States, December 1996 With Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14 = 100 : 1990-92 = 100 Indexes :---------------------------------------------- and : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 Ratios :---------------------------------------------- : Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid by Farmers for : Commodities & Services, : Interest, Taxes, & Wage : Rates (PPITW) : 1475 *1504 1500 112 115 114 Production : 1091 *1102 1098 112 114 114 Feed : 590 *575 556 121 *117 113 Livestock and Poultry : 1010 1046 1052 79 82 82 Seeds : 1087 1160 1160 110 117 117 Fertilizer : 451 *461 465 123 *126 127 Agricultural Chemicals : 742 *751 754 117 118 119 Fuels : 730 *846 850 95 *110 110 Supplies & Repairs : 804 *819 819 113 115 115 Autos & Trucks : 3252 *3322 3356 122 *125 126 Farm Machinery : 3124 *3175 3179 125 *127 127 Building Material : 1553 *1584 1584 114 116 116 Farm Services & Rent : 1421 *1334 1338 Farm Services : 119 118 118 Rent : 116 119 119 Interest 1/ : 2578 2553 2553 103 102 102 Taxes 2/ : 3123 3243 3243 117 121 121 Wage Rates : 4251 4658 4658 114 120 120 Production, Interest, Taxes, : & Wage Rates (PITW) : 1506 *1494 1490 112 *113 113 Family Living-CPI 3/ : 1458 *1510 1510 114 *118 118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ratio (Received\Paid) : 96 96 95 Parity Ratio 4/ : 47 *46 46 Parity Ratio Adjusted 5/ : 48 *47 47 PPITW Adjusted for : Productivity 6/ : 999 *1052 1052 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Sector (PPITW) : 114 117 117 Livestock Sector (PPITW) : 111 112 112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Farm Sector (Production) : 104 104 102 Non-Farm Sector (Production) : 117 119 119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), for the previous month converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-14=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.020 for 1996 and the revised factor is 1.034 for 1995. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Selected Production Input Sub-Components United States, December 1996 With Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Input Indexes : Relative Weights :----------------------------- Index : 5-Year Moving Average : 1995 : 1996 :----------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 : Dec : Nov : Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- Percent --- ---- (1990-92=100) ---- : Production Items : 66.3 66.1 112 114 114 : Feed : 11.5 11.2 121 *117 113 Complete Feeds : 5.0 4.9 118 *119 114 Feed Grains : 2.1 2.1 134 *113 109 Hay/Forages : 1.3 1.2 105 121 123 Concentrates : 1.8 1.8 118 *118 116 Supplements : 1.3 1.2 131 *112 106 Livestock & Poultry : 8.4 8.3 79 82 82 Feeder Cattle : 6.5 6.4 76 75 76 Milk Cow Replacements : .7 .7 97 100 100 Feeder Pigs : .7 .7 73 111 114 Poultry : .5 .5 105 104 104 Seeds : 2.7 2.7 110 117 117 Field Crops : 2.4 2.4 109 117 117 Grasses/Legumes : .3 .3 119 120 120 Fertilizer : 4.7 4.6 123 *126 127 Mixed Fertilizer : 2.1 2.0 119 123 122 Nitrogen : 2.0 1.9 133 *137 139 Potash & Potassium : .6 .5 107 *102 104 Agricultural Chemicals : 3.4 3.4 117 118 119 Herbicides : 2.1 2.1 116 117 118 Insecticides : .8 .8 121 123 123 Fungicides/Other : .5 .5 115 114 115 Fuels : 2.9 2.9 95 *110 110 Diesel : 1.6 1.6 97 *107 103 LP Gas : .3 .3 96 *140 155 Gasoline : 1.0 1.0 90 *104 107 Farm Supplies & Repairs : 5.4 5.4 113 115 115 Supplies : 1.8 1.8 112 113 113 Repairs : 3.6 3.6 114 116 116 Autos & Trucks : 1.4 1.4 122 *125 126 Autos : .2 .2 119 *121 121 Trucks : 1.2 1.2 123 *126 127 Farm Machinery : 4.5 4.5 125 *127 127 Self-Propelled : 1.8 1.8 130 131 131 Tractors : 1.0 1.0 119 *120 121 Other Machinery : 1.7 1.7 122 125 126 Building Materials : 2.4 2.5 114 116 116 Farm Services : 11.1 11.2 119 118 118 Custom Rates : 1.1 1.1 104 113 113 Other Services : 10.0 10.1 120 *119 119 Rent : 7.8 8.0 116 119 119 Cash : 3.5 3.6 123 129 129 Share : 4.3 4.4 110 111 111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Feed Price Ratios: With Comparisons, United States, December 1996 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 Feed Price Ratio 1/ :--------------------------- : Dec : Nov : Dec ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-Feed: Pounds of Broiler Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of broiler, live eight : 4.6 *5.4 5.6 Market Egg Feed: Pounds of Laying Feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs : 10.6 *11.5 12.7 : Hog-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight : 14.2 *20.5 21.3 Milk-Feed: Pounds of 16% Mixed Dairy Feed equal : in value to 1 pound of Whole Milk : 2.55 *2.78 2.66 : Steer & Heifer-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of Steer & Heifers, : live weight : 21.1 *25.8 25.6 Turkey-Feed: Pounds of Turkey Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of Turkey, live weight : 5.7 *6.4 6.3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current U.S. prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat.* Revised. Feeder Livestock and Poultry: Prices Paid, With Comparisons United States, December 1996 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1995 : 1996 ITEM : Unit :---------------------------------------- : : Dec : Nov : Dec ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars Feeders and Stockers : : Cattle and Calves : Cwt : 64.10 63.70 63.90 Pigs : " : 67.50 102.00 105.00 Broiler Chicks 1/ : Per 100 : Egg-Type Chicks 1/ : " : Turkey Poults 1/ : Each : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Annual average poultry prices. Quarterly poultry prices discontinued January 1994. Feed: Annual Average Prices Paid, United States, 1991-94 and April 1995-96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Unit : 1991 : 1992 : 1993 : 1994 : 1995 1/:1996 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars Alfalfa Meal : Cwt : 11.20 11.00 11.30 12.00 11.80 12.30 Alfalfa Pellets 2/ : : 11.40 12.10 12.00 12.40 Bran : " : 10.70 10.80 11.00 11.20 11.20 13.00 Beef Cattle Conc. : : 32-36% Protein : Ton :248 251 264 275 251 316 Corn Meal : Cwt : 7.42 7.49 7.22 7.96 7.80 10.60 Cottonseed Meal, 41% : " : 14.00 14.00 14.90 15.30 14.20 16.80 Dairy Feed : : 14% Protein : Ton :168 168 168 170 162 216 16% Protein : " :176 178 180 184 174 225 18% Protein : " :186 189 187 193 183 238 20% Protein : " :187 190 189 196 186 239 32% Protein Conc. : " :279 282 294 301 276 333 Hog Feed : : 14-18% Protein : " :209 208 202 214 210 252 38-42% Protein Conc. : " :300 303 315 316 292 351 : : Molasses, Liquid : " : 9.66 9.94 10.40 10.80 11.80 11.80 Poultry Feed : : Broiler Grower : Ton :208 208 209 214 195 265 Chick Starter : " :221 228 226 231 212 280 Laying Feed : " :195 200 202 210 195 258 Turkey Grower : " :235 241 248 258 242 312 : : Soybean Meal, 44% : Cwt : 12.80 13.00 13.70 13.90 12.40 15.60 Stock Salt : 50 Lb: 3.58 3.61 3.56 3.72 3.76 3.82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Index (1990-92=100) : :------------------------------------------------ Feed Price Index : Pct : 103 99 99 105 104 128 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ April survey only, quarterly surveys discontinued January 1995. 2/ Survey item added January 1993. Feeder Livestock : Annual Average Prices Paid, United States, 1991-1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Unit : 1991 : 1992 : 1993 : 1994 : 1995 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars Broiler Chicks : 100 : 18.10 18.30 18.60 19.30 19.70 1/ Egg-Type Chicks : " : 51.20 54.60 53.80 49.70 50.70 1/ Feeders and Stockers : : Cattle and Calves : Cwt : 86.80 82.30 89.00 80.50 67.00 59.40 Pigs : " : 99.90 66.80 86.40 66.90 65.60 77.30 Turkey Poults : Each : 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.06 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Index (1990=92=100) : :----------------------------------------------- Feeder Livestock Index : Pct : 102 96 104 95 82 76 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Quarterly prices discontinued January 1994. Annual average data are published in April. ***************************************************************************** * The data presented in the folling tables are calculated and published * * for use by the Forest Service, USDA and the Bureau of Land Management, * * USDI in computing Public Land Grazing Fees. * ***************************************************************************** Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production (1964-68=100 1/: 499 1/ The Index of Prices Paid by Farmers and ranchers for Beef Cattle Production input items is for the period of November 1995 through October 1996. The components of this index include the production indexes of Fuels & Energy, Farm & Motor Supplies, Building & Fencing Materials, Interest, Farm Wage Rates, and Farm Services. These components are weighted to the overall index value by their importance in the cost of producing beef cattle, the weights are unchanged from a year earlier. Cattle: Prices Received, Selected States, 1996 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : Beef Cattle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Cwt : 9 Great Plains States 2/ : 61.54 11 Western States 3/ : 55.49 16 Western States 4/ : 60.64 17 Western States 5/ : 60.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Average for November 1995 through October 1996, except NV,UT, and WA which are marketing year averages. 2/ CO, KS, NE, NM, ND, OK, SD, TX, and WY. 3/ AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, OR, UT, WA, AND WY. 4/ Eleven Western States plus KS, NE, ND, OK, and SD. 5/ Sixteen Western States plus TX. Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle by Selected States and Regions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Survey Average Rates 1/ :----------------------------------------------------- State : Animal Unit 2/ : Cow-Calf : Per Head :----------------------------------------------------- : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Month : AZ : 5.75 6.50 7.50 8.00 7.50 7.00 CA : 10.50 10.10 12.80 12.20 11.10 11.90 CO : 10.30 11.40 12.00 13.20 10.50 10.70 : ID : 10.10 10.20 12.20 12.20 10.40 10.40 KS : 10.50 12.00 12.00 14.00 10.50 11.00 MT : 11.90 11.80 13.70 13.20 12.80 11.70 : NE : 17.60 18.00 21.00 21.40 16.80 18.00 NV : 8.80 8.80 12.00 11.50 8.80 9.30 NM : 8.74 8.87 10.40 11.30 9.94 9.37 : ND : 10.30 10.60 11.50 12.50 10.20 10.30 OK : 7.00 7.00 8.06 8.50 8.00 8.00 OR : 10.20 10.00 11.50 10.80 10.10 9.45 : SD : 13.90 13.20 16.30 15.00 14.00 14.80 TX : 9.10 8.00 10.80 9.20 8.00 8.50 UT : 9.50 9.75 10.00 11.00 11.80 11.00 : WA : 8.50 8.70 9.70 9.00 9.90 10.30 WY : 11.30 11.00 13.00 13.00 11.50 11.10 : : 17-State 3/ : 10.60 10.50 12.40 12.20 10.50 10.80 : 16-State 4/ : 11.20 11.40 13.10 13.40 11.50 11.80 : 11-State 5/ : 10.30 10.40 12.10 12.10 11.00 10.70 : 9-State 6/ : 10.60 10.50 12.50 12.30 10.30 10.80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The average rates are estimates (rates over $10.00 are round to then nearest dime) based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non- irrigated grazing land from the June Agricultural Survey. 2/ Includes animal unit plus cow-calf rates. Cow-calf rate converted to animal unit (AUM) using (1 aum=cow-calf *0.833). 3/ Seventeen State: All States. 4/ Sixteen State: All States except Texas. 5/ Eleven State: AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, OR, UT, WA, WY. 6/ Nine State: CO, KS, NE, NM, ND, OK, SD, TX, WY. Prices Paid by Farmers Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey Procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each April to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the 5 business days centered around the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for, agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and Estimation Procedures: The annual April Paid Survey is summarized as a nonprobability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and U.S. level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and U.S. levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of "Agricultural Prices". The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely in April when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization in April are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the U.S. relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any nonsampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these nonsampling errors. Program Change: Effective January 1, 1995, the National Agricultural Statistics Service updated the weights and changed the construction of its prices paid and received by farmers indexes. A Federal Register Notice dated October 28, 1994 discussed these program modifications. A 1990-92 reference and base period replaced the 1977 reference and 1971-73 base weight period. Five-year moving average weights replaced the current fixed 1971-73 base period weights. The 1910-14=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 1990-92=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights (adjusted for seasonal marketing patterns for the prices received indexes). Index Prices Received U.S. Prices and Indexes Page Page Narrative................ A-2 Cows, Beef............. A-18 Price Indexes............ A-3 Cows, Milk............. A-21 Prices Received Eggs................... A-20 U.S. Summary........... A-6-7 Flaxseed............... A-14 Selected Commodities... A-12 Fruit, Citrus.......... A-16 Upland Cotton and Rice Hay.................... A-15 Prices and Marketings.. A-15 All Hogs............... A-19 Parity Prices............ A-22-23 Lambs.................. A-20 Reliability Statement.... A-27-28 Milk................... A-21 Oats................... A-13 Monthly State Prices Peanuts................ A-14 Potatoes............... A-17 Apples................... A-15 Sheep.................. A-20 Barley................... A-13 Sorghum, Grain......... A-13 Barrows and Gilts........ A-19 Soybeans............... A-13 Beans, Dry Edible........ A-14 Sows................... A-19 Beef Cattle.............. A-18 Steers and Heifers..... A-18 Broilers................. A-20 Sunflower.............. A-14 Calves................... A-18 Tobacco................ A-14 Corn..................... A-13 Turkeys................ A-20 Cotton................... A-15 Wheat.................. A-12 Cottonseed............... A-15 Special Features Priced Received: Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1996 ......... A-24-25 Index Prices Paid Page Narrative................................................ B-1 Indexes and Parity Ratios........................ ....... B-2-3 Charts................................................... B-4-6 Feed Ratios.............................................. B-7 Reliability Statement.................................... B-14 U.S. Average Prices: Feeder Livestock and Poultry ......................... B-7 Special Features Feed: Annual Average, U.S., 1991-96 ................... B-8 Feeder Livestock: Annual Averages, U.S., 1991-96 ...... B-8 Grazing Fees: Data provided to the Forest Service, USDA and Bureau of Land Mangement, USDI to compute Grazing Fees B-9-10 Periodic Publications Features of Monthly Price Reports for 1996 ............................................. A-26 Report Features Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Estimates Division of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Crops Branch C. Ray Halley, Chief (202) 720-2127 Field Crops Section Bill Dowdy, Head (202) 720-3843 Kevin Barnes - Oilseeds (202) 720-7369 Dan Kerestes - Corn (202) 720-9526 Roger Latham - Cotton (202) 720-5944 Joel Moore - Barley, Hay, Sorghum (202) 690-3234 Greg Preston - Oats (202) 720-7621 Barbara Rater - Peanuts, Rice, Tobacco (202) 720-7688 Vaughn Siegenthaler - Wheat (202) 720-8068 Fruit and Vegetable Section Vince Matthews, Head (202) 720-3843 Arvin Budge - Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Howard Hill - Grapes, Strawberries (202) 720-7235 Dave Mueller - Vegetables (202) 720-2157 Linda Simpson - Apples, Dry Beans, Peaches, Pears (202) 690-0270 Blair Smith - Citrus (202) 720-5412 Commodity Prices Coordinator Charles Van Lahr (202) 720-5446 Kirby Cavett - Prices Received Indexes (202) 690-3237 Livestock and Economic Branch Robert W. Milton, Chief (202) 720-3570 Livestock Section Doyle Fuchs, Head (202) 720-4447 Dean Groskurth - Cattle (202) 720-3040 James Hand - Sheep, Lambs (202) 690-3236 Kevin Hintzman - Milk (202) 720-4448 Mike Pallesen - Hogs (202) 720-3106 Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section Alfonzo Drain, Head (202) 720-6351 Dan Boostrum - Eggs (202) 720-3244 James Brewster - Turkeys (202) 720-8784 Tom Krutchen - Broilers, Honey (202) 690-4870 Farm Inputs Section (Prices Paid) Douglas Kleweno, Head (202) 720-4214 Daryl Brinkman - Prices Paid Indexes, Feed, Fertilizer, Agricultural Chemicals, Seeds (202) 690-3226 Jim Williams - Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Fuels, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios, Grazing Fees, Autos & Trucks (202) 690-3225 The next "Agricultural Prices" report will be released at 3:00 p.m. ET on January 31, 1997. 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