Agricultural Prices National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released December 30, 1998, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Prices" or other assistance, see page B-16. Prices Received Index Drops 2 Points The All Farm Products Index of Prices Received in December was 98 based on 1990-92=100, down 2 points (2.0 percent) from November. Price decreases from November for cattle, hogs, broilers, and soybeans more than offset price increases for corn, milk, tomatoes, and eggs. The seasonal changes in the mix of commodities farmers sell also affect the overall index level; however, these changes were essentially offsetting in December. Compared with December 1997, the All Farm Products Index was 7 points (6.7 percent) lower. Price decreases from December 1997 for hogs, corn, cattle, and soybeans more than offset price increases for milk, broilers, oranges, and tomatoes. Prices Paid Index Unchanged The December Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) was 114 percent of the 1990-92 average. The index was unchanged from November 1998 but 3 points (2.6 percent) below December 1997. Since November, lower prices for fuels, fertilizer, livestock, and chemicals offset higher prices for feed and autos and trucks. Index Summary Table ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 Index :----------------------------------------------------- 1990-92=100 : Nov : Dec : Nov : Dec ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Prices Received : 107 : 105 : 100 : 98 : : : : Prices Paid : 117 : 117 : 114 : 114 : : : : Ratio 1/ : 91 : 90 : 88 : 86 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Ratio of index of prices received by farmers to index of prices paid. Pr 1 (12-98) Prices Received by Farmers The December All Farm Products Index was 98 percent of its 1990-92 base, down 2.0 percent from November and down 6.7 percent from December 1997. All Crops: The December index was 100, down 2.0 percent from November and 9.9 percent below December 1997. From November, price decreases for fruit and nuts, cotton, oilseeds, and vegetables more than offset price increases for feed grains and hay and potatoes and dry beans. Food Grains: The December index, at 102, was down 2.9 percent from the previous month and 14 percent below December 1997. The December all wheat price, at $2.90 per bushel, was down 7 cents from November and 54 cents below December 1997. Feed Grains & Hay: The December index was 88, up 2.3 percent from last month but 21 percent below December 1997. The corn price, at $1.96 per bushel, was up 3 cents from November but 56 cents below the December 1997 price. The all hay price, at $78.40 per ton, was down $3.00 from last month and $16.80 below December 1997. Oil-Bearing Crops: The December index, at 100, was down 1.0 percent from November and 16 percent below December 1997. Soybean prices, at $5.27 per bushel, decreased 13 cents from November and were $1.45 below December 1997. Fruit and Nuts: The December fruit and nuts index, at 95, was down 20 percent from the previous month but up 8.0 percent from December 1997. Lower prices for oranges, apples, lemons, and grapes accounted for most of the decrease from November. Commercial Vegetables: The December index, at 109, was down 1.8 percent from last month and 18 percent below December 1997. Lower prices from last month for celery, snap beans, cauliflower, and broccoli more than offset higher prices for tomatoes, lettuce, and onions. Livestock and Products: The December index, at 96, was down 1.0 percent from both last month and December 1997. Compared with a year ago, prices were down for hogs, cattle, eggs, and calves but up for all milk, broilers, and turkeys. Meat Animals: The December index, at 65, was down 10 percent from last month and 25 percent below a year ago. The December hog price, at $14.70 per cwt, was down $4.00 from November and $26.90 below a year ago. The last time prices were lower was November 1964, at $14.30 per cwt. November hog slaughter was up 14 percent from a year ago. The December beef cattle price of $55.80 was down $2.30 from last month and $7.10 below December 1997. Poultry and Eggs: The December index, at 120, was 3.2 percent below November but 12 percent above a year ago. The December broiler price at 39.0 cents per pound was down 2.5 cents from November, a seasonal decline. Market egg prices increased 1.9 cents to 62.9 cents per dozen. November market egg production was up 2 percent. Turkey prices decreased 2.9 cents to 41.1 cents per pound, following the seasonal decline toward the end of the holiday season but domestic demand remains strong seasonally. Dairy Products: The December index, at 139, was up 1.5 percent from November and was 23 percent above December 1997. The December all milk price, at $18.10 per cwt, was up 20 cents from November, and up $3.30 from last year. This is a record price for all milk. November milk production was up 3.0 percent from last year. Prices increased for fluid milk and cheese during December. Index Numbers of Prices Received, United States, December 1998, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14=100 : 1990-92=100 :------------------------------------------------------ Index : : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 :Average:---------------------------------------------- :1990-92: Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Farm Products : 639 665 *633 623 105 100 98 : All Crops : 500 546 *501 492 111 102 100 Food Grains : 325 378 *335 325 119 *105 102 Feed Grains & Hay : 363 399 *308 313 112 *86 88 Cotton : 517 539 *550 538 105 107 105 Tobacco : 1263 1670 *1657 1665 110 *109 110 Oil-Bearing Crops : 554 653 *551 546 119 101 100 Fruit & Nuts : 716 615 831 666 88 119 95 Commercial Vegetables : 698 888 *740 726 133 *111 109 Potatoes & Dry Beans : 540 476 *450 469 94 89 93 Other Crops : 493 532 532 532 108 108 108 : Livestock & Products : 768 747 745 738 97 97 96 Meat Animals : 1021 881 *727 664 87 72 65 Dairy Products : 799 910 1100 1112 113 137 139 Poultry & Eggs : 282 300 349 336 107 124 120 : Food Commodities : 103 101 98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Selected Index Numbers for Prices Received and Paid, 1990-92=100, by Months, United States, 1997 and 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Index of Prices Received : Index of Prices Paid :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Livestock : : Month : All Farm : All : and : All : Production : Products : Crops : Products : Items : Items :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan : 107 103 115 110 98 94 116 117 115 116 Feb : 105 101 113 109 98 94 116 117 116 115 Mar : 108 102 118 111 99 95 117 116 116 114 Apr : 106 104 116 115 99 95 117 116 117 114 May : 108 103 117 113 100 95 118 116 118 114 Jun : 107 102 119 107 97 98 117 115 117 113 Jul : 107 102 114 108 99 96 117 115 117 112 Aug : 107 101 116 104 99 98 117 114 117 111 Sep : 107 99 114 101 99 97 117 113 117 110 Oct : 107 99 114 100 97 98 117 114 116 110 Nov : 107 100 114 102 98 97 117 114 117 110 Dec : 105 98 111 100 97 96 117 114 116 110 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received, United States, December 1998, with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Dec : Nov : Dec : : : 1997 : 1998 : 1998 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Field Crops : : : : Barley, All : Bu : 2.12 2.43 2.02 1.96 Feed : Bu : 1.90 2.03 1.47 1.51 Malting : Bu : 2.43 2.75 2.44 2.33 Beans, Dry Edible : Cwt : 19.10 20.30 20.80 21.30 Corn : Bu : 2.30 2.52 1.93 1.96 Cotton, Upland : Lb : .606 .638 .651 .636 Cottonseed : Ton : 96.00 122.00 133.00 138.00 : : Flaxseed : Bu : 4.27 5.72 4.97 4.90 Hay, All, Baled 1/ : Ton : 76.30 95.20 81.40 78.40 Alfalfa 1/ : Ton : 77.20 102.00 85.00 81.40 Other 1/ : Ton : 60.00 76.10 69.30 69.40 Oats : Bu : 1.22 1.57 1.10 1.07 Peanuts, In-Shell : Lb : .304 .307 .215 .215 Potatoes : Cwt : 5.82 5.29 4.81 5.08 : : Rice, Rough : Cwt : 7.07 9.67 8.98 9.19 Sorghum Grain : Cwt : 3.75 3.94 3.05 3.06 Soybeans : Bu : 5.61 6.72 5.40 5.27 Sunflower 2/ : Cwt : 9.50 11.10 10.50 10.40 Tobacco : Lb : 1.740 1.920 1.905 1.915 : : Wheat, All : Bu : 2.96 3.44 2.97 2.90 Winter : Bu : 2.93 3.24 2.78 2.73 Durum : Bu : 2.86 5.16 3.17 3.05 Other Spring : Bu : 3.11 3.51 3.26 3.20 Hard Red Winter : Bu : 2.84 Soft Red Winter : Bu : 2.87 3.15 2.37 Hard Red Spring : Bu : 3.32 White : Bu : 3.24 3.26 2.64 : : Fruit : : : : Citrus-Equiv on-tree : : Grapefruit : Box : 5.77 1.94 3.19 2.70 Lemons : Box : 10.10 2.60 15.24 7.44 Limes : Box : 10.15 12.17 4.39 4.92 Oranges : Box : 5.79 2.81 5.87 4.74 Tangelos : Box : 5.82 1.47 5.00 5.45 Tangerines : Box : 15.11 7.85 10.42 11.30 Temples : Box : 6.23 : : Non-citrus : : Apples, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .212 .233 .179 .152 Grapes, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 506.00 890.00 740.00 Peaches, Fresh 3/ : Lb : .216 Pears, Fresh 3/ : Ton : 370.00 305.00 398.00 354.00 Strawberries, Fresh: Lb : .560 1.84 1.16 .980 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Mid-month price. 2/ KS, MN, ND and SD average. 3/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (pears only) and WA (apples, peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states. -- continued Prices Received, United States, December 1998, with Comparisons (continued) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Entire Month : Preliminary : : Average :---------------------------------- Commodity : Unit : 1990-92 : Dec : Nov : Dec : : : 1997 : 1998 : 1998 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars : : Vegetables, Fresh 1/ : : : : Asparagus : Cwt : 79.80 148.00 Broccoli : Cwt : 22.50 30.20 25.90 19.60 Cantaloupes : Cwt : 13.70 15.50 Carrots : Cwt : 13.20 16.80 11.70 10.90 Cauliflower : Cwt : 26.80 28.90 33.40 22.10 Celery : Cwt : 11.60 19.10 11.60 7.43 Corn, Sweet : Cwt : 15.70 19.90 21.80 16.90 Cucumbers 2/ : Cwt : 19.50 18.20 15.30 Lettuce : Cwt : 11.90 21.30 9.82 11.10 Onions : Cwt : 12.80 11.00 13.90 15.50 Snap Beans 2/ : Cwt : 48.20 60.90 38.90 Tomatoes : Cwt : 32.30 48.80 42.90 47.70 : : Livestock : : : : Calves : Cwt : 94.30 83.30 77.50 79.50 Cattle, All Beef : Cwt : 72.90 62.90 58.10 55.80 Cows : Cwt : 49.60 33.00 29.70 29.70 Steers & Heifers : Cwt : 77.10 66.80 62.30 59.40 Milk Cows 3/ : Head : 1130.00 : : Hogs, All : Cwt : 47.70 41.60 18.70 14.70 Barrows & Gilts : Cwt : 48.40 42.00 18.90 14.90 Sows : Cwt : 39.50 33.30 15.20 11.30 : : Lambs : Cwt : 56.20 83.90 62.20 Sheep : Cwt : 23.40 37.70 26.80 : : Dairy and Poultry : : : : Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 13.06 14.80 17.90 5/18.10 Fluid Grade : Cwt : 13.10 14.80 17.90 5/18.20 Mfg Grade : Cwt : 11.80 13.60 17.30 5/17.30 : : Broilers, Live 6/ : Lb : .317 .321 .415 .390 Eggs, All 7/ : Doz : .643 .787 .728 .758 Market 7/ : Doz : .546 .680 .610 .629 Turkeys, Live 6/7/ : Lb : .380 .387 .440 .411 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adjusted for Seasonal : : Variation : : Eggs, All : Doz : .545 .750 .751 .702 Milk, All 4/ : Cwt : 9.71 14.51 17.05 17.92 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ F.O.B. shipping point. 2/ Monthly estimates began January 1995. 3/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for Jan, Apr, Jul, and Oct. 4/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 5/ Fat test percent: all milk 3.80, fluid milk 3.80, mfg grade 3.94. 6/ Liveweight equivalent price. 7/ Mid-month price. Wheat: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Winter Wheat : Durum Wheat : Oth Spring Wheat State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Bushel : AR : 2.42 2.52 2.42 2.52 CA : 3/ 3/ 3.65 3/ 4/ 4/ CO : 2.67 2.69 2.68 2.69 2.78 2.90 ID : 2.63 2.56 2.55 2.45 2.73 2.70 IL : 2.33 2.35 2.33 2.35 IN : 2.60 2.23 2.60 2.23 KS : 2.78 2.80 2.78 2.80 MI : 2.56 2.40 2.56 2.40 MN : 3.31 3.30 2.28 2.50 4/ 4/ 3.31 3.30 MO : 2.47 2.35 2.47 2.35 MT : 3.35 3.33 3.09 2.90 3.76 3.70 3.45 3.50 NE : 2.77 2.75 2.77 2.75 ND : 3.22 3.11 2.61 2.40 3.03 2.90 3.25 3.15 OH : 2.35 2.30 2.35 2.30 OK : 2.80 2.69 2.80 2.69 OR : 2.78 2.78 2.78 2.76 2.79 2.90 SD : 3.11 3.01 2.90 2.76 3/ 3.10 3.29 3.22 TX : 2.71 2.72 2.71 2.72 WA : 2.85 2.83 2.79 2.81 3.15 3.03 : US : 2.97 2.90 2.78 2.73 3.17 3.05 3.26 3.20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. 4/ Insufficient sales to establish a price. Prices Received for Selected Agricultural Commodities, by Months, United States, 1997 and 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All Wheat : Corn : Soybeans :Beef Cattle 1/: All Hogs Month:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 :1998 2/:1997 :1998 2/: 1997 :1998 2/: 1997 :1998 2/: 1997 :1998 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- Dollars per Bushel --------- ---- Dollars per Cwt ----- : Jan : 4.02 3.32 2.69 2.56 7.13 6.69 61.40 62.50 53.80 36.00 Feb : 3.89 3.27 2.65 2.55 7.38 6.57 61.90 60.40 52.80 35.70 Mar : 3.93 3.33 2.79 2.55 7.97 6.40 64.80 61.30 49.40 34.80 Apr : 4.10 3.18 2.80 2.41 8.23 6.26 64.80 63.00 53.80 35.60 May : 4.08 3.06 2.69 2.34 8.40 6.26 65.10 63.00 58.20 42.20 Jun : 3.52 2.77 2.56 2.28 8.16 6.16 62.30 61.80 57.80 42.20 Jul : 3.23 2.56 2.42 2.19 7.52 6.14 62.80 58.40 58.90 36.70 Aug : 3.56 2.39 2.50 1.89 7.25 5.43 63.90 57.40 55.30 35.10 Sep : 3.66 2.41 2.52 1.83 6.72 5.25 63.60 56.10 50.40 29.50 Oct : 3.58 2.79 2.54 1.91 6.49 5.18 63.30 58.00 47.30 27.40 Nov : 3.54 2.97 2.51 1.93 6.86 5.40 63.30 58.10 45.10 18.70 Dec : 3.44 2.90 2.52 1.96 6.72 5.27 62.90 55.80 41.60 14.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows, steers and heifers. 2/ Current month prices are mid-month; prices for previous months are for the entire month. Grains: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Barley 1/ : Corn : Oats : Soybeans : Sorghum Grain State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/:Nov 2/:Dec 3/: Nov 2/: Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ----------------- Dollars per Bushel ---------------- Dollars per Cwt : AL : AR : 5.71 5.40 3.72 3.71 CA : 4/ 4/ CO : 2.64 2.71 2.03 1.94 GA : 2.52 2.57 5.40 5.29 ID : 2.41 2.24 IL : 2.03 2.05 1.52 1.50 5.46 5.45 3.41 3.50 IN : 2.06 2.09 5.49 5.40 IA : 1.92 1.91 1.36 1.35 5.39 5.19 KS : 1.98 1.95 5.46 5.20 2.95 2.95 KY : 2.29 2.25 5.63 5.55 LA : 5.18 5.52 MI : 1.88 1.95 1.61 1.50 5.29 5.25 MN : 1.54 1.56 1.74 1.75 .92 1.00 5.18 5.00 MS : 5.69 5.45 MO : 1.93 2.00 5.39 5.25 2.99 3.05 MT : 2.29 2.22 1.37 1.30 NE : 1.91 1.90 1.20 1.20 5.21 5.10 2.99 2.98 NC : 2.28 2.30 5.38 5.30 ND : 1.70 1.57 .88 .85 OH : 1.96 2.05 1.32 1.35 5.40 5.45 OK : 3.18 3.18 OR : 1.69 1.85 1.43 1.45 PA : 2.33 2.40 1.30 1.40 SD : 4/ 1.40 1.57 1.58 1.05 1.05 4.96 5.05 TN : 2.48 2.50 5.65 5.60 TX : 2.21 2.21 5/ 5/ 3.70 3.51 UT : 1.79 1.77 WA : 1.60 1.77 WI : 1.87 1.80 1.10 1.05 5.43 5.30 WY : 2.80 2.89 : US : 2.02 1.96 1.93 1.96 1.10 1.07 5.40 5.27 3.05 3.06 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The Three-State (MN, ND and SD) Feed Barley price for December 1998 is $1.23. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual firms. 5/ Insufficient sales to establish a price. Malting and Feed Barley: Prices Received Selected States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Malting Barley : Feed Barley State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov : Dec : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Bushel : ID : 2.56 2.50 1.67 1.75 MN : 2.45 2.60 1.22 1.20 MT : 2.92 2.80 1.36 1.35 ND : 1.87 1.70 1.27 1.25 SD : 1/ 1.40 1/ 1.20 WY : 1/ 1/ 1.63 1.55 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Field Crops: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dry Edible : : : : : Beans : Sunflower : Flaxseed : Tobacco : Peanuts 4/5/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 2/:Nov 1/:Dec 3/: Nov 1/: Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- Dollars per Cwt ---- Dollars per Bu --- Dollars per Pound --- : AL : .267 .236 CA : 31.90 37.80 CO : 17.80 16.40 FL : .202 .247 GA : .213 .273 ID : 17.80 18.00 IN : 1.905 1.910 KS : KY : 1.910 1.915 MD : MI : 24.00 25.00 MN : 21.00 22.00 12.50 13.40 MO : 1.905 1.910 NE : 18.10 17.90 NC : 1.840 1.910 .151 .159 ND : 16.90 16.70 10.60 10.50 4.97 4.90 OH : 1.900 1.910 OK : SC : SD : 9.80 9.56 7/ 4.92 TN : 1.925 1.915 TX : .227 .219 VA : 1.885 1.915 .154 .174 WV : : US : 20.80 21.30 10.50 10.40 4.97 4.90 1.905 1.915 .215 .215 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ Based on sales through first half of month. 4/ In-shell. 5/ Includes additional loan peanuts at loan value. 6/ Sales volume insufficient to establish a state price, but all sales included in U.S. price. 7/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual buyers. Tobacco: Prices Received, by Area and Type, December 1998, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dec : Nov : Dec Class by Type : Type : 1997 : 1998 : 1998 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars per Pound Fire-cured : : VA Belt : 21 : 2.120 2/ 1.975 Total Fire-cured : 21-23: 2.120 1.975 : : Light Air-Cured : : Burley : 31 : 1.915 1.915 1.915 Total Light Air-Cured : 31-32: 1.915 1.915 1.915 : : Dark Air-cured : : One Sucker Belt : 35 : 2.055 2/ 1.910 Green River Belt : 36 : 2.090 2/ 2.000 Sun-cured Belt : 37 : 1.900 2/ 1.675 Total Dark Air-cured : 35-37: 2.060 1.935 : : US 3/ : 11-37: 1.920 1.905 1.915 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Based on sales during the first half of the month. 2/ Markets opened in December 1998. 3/ November 1998 price includes Flue-cured (11-14) sales at 1.810 per pound. Field Crops and Apples: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : December : Cotton, Upland :------------------------------------------------- State : : Cotton- : Hay, Baled 3/ : Apples :-------------------: seed :----------------------------: Fresh : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : 5/ : All : Alfalfa : Other : Use 1/4/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound -------- Dollars per Ton ------- Dol/Lb : AL : .638 .610 112.00 AZ : .636 .648 152.00 72.00 73.00 66.00 AR : .638 .642 CA : .757 .758 179.00 94.00 97.00 49.00 .219 CO : 89.00 88.00 96.00 GA : .701 .695 104.00 ID : 78.00 80.00 60.00 IL : 87.00 91.00 69.00 IA : 87.00 88.00 65.00 KS : 70.00 72.00 62.00 KY : 76.00 105.00 68.00 LA : .576 .560 6/ MI : 86.00 90.00 70.00 .135 MN : 66.00 70.00 49.00 MS : .625 .611 MO : 67.00 101.00 60.00 MT : 69.00 70.00 61.00 NE : 48.00 48.00 44.00 NV : 100.00 101.00 95.00 NM : 115.00 118.00 92.00 NY : 102.00 118.00 88.00 .148 NC : .690 .667 114.00 ND : 50.00 57.00 38.00 OH : 99.00 110.00 65.00 .265 OK : 92.00 112.00 62.00 OR : 102.00 110.00 80.00 PA : 116.00 133.00 105.00 .230 SD : 53.00 60.00 35.00 TN : .627 .586 135.00 TX : .589 .566 132.00 81.00 162.00 76.00 UT : 74.00 75.00 51.00 VA : .180 WA : 94.00 88.00 130.00 .139 WI : 82.00 85.00 68.00 WY : 77.00 77.00 72.00 : US : .651 .636 138.00 78.40 81.40 69.40 .152 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on sales during the first half of the month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY, and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. 5/ Marketing year August-February. 6/ Price not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Upland Cotton and Rice: Prices Received and Marketings, United States, December 1998, with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : Unit : Oct 1998 1/ : Nov 1998 1/ :Dec 1998 2/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Cotton, Upland : : Average Price : Dollars/Pound : .664 .651 .636 Marketings 3/ : 1,000 Bales : 923 1643 NA : : Rice : : Average Price : Dollars/Cwt : 9.25 8.98 9.19 Marketings 4/ : 1,000 Cwt : 12379 11882 NA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Entire month. 2/ Based on purchases for the first half of the month. 3/ Expanded data from sample of about 60 percent of buyers. 4/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. Citrus Fruit: Prices and Equivalent Returns, by Utilization, by State and United States, December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Equivalent Returns Commodity : F.O.B. :----------------------------------------------- And : Packed : Packinghouse-door : On-tree State : Fresh :----------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh :Process ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Box 1/ Grapefruit : AZ : 14.30 8.86 8.86 6.92 6.92 CA : 15.30 5.26 9.86 -0.26 3.32 7.92 -2.20 FL : 13.40 4.18 5.54 1.69 2.07 3.68 -0.87 White Seedless : 16.40 4.73 7.80 1.90 2.51 5.85 -0.55 Colored Seedless: 12.90 4.10 5.20 1.60 2.01 3.35 -1.05 Other : 1.90 1.90 0.10 0.10 TX : 17.90 7.96 9.20 1.50 6.81 8.05 0.40 : CA-AZ : 14.80 6.39 9.41 -0.26 4.45 7.47 -2.20 : US : 14.10 4.68 6.15 1.67 2.70 4.41 -0.79 : Lemons : AZ : 22.10 11.14 13.66 2.08 7.50 10.02 -1.56 CA : 26.00 11.04 17.56 2.08 7.40 13.92 -1.56 : US : 24.30 11.08 15.86 2.08 7.44 12.22 -1.56 : Limes : FL : 22.00 9.92 11.50 2.00 4.92 6.50 -3.00 : Oranges : AZ : Navel and Misc : 21.00 12.54 14.98 0.66 10.56 13.00 -1.32 : CA : Navel and Misc : 18.80 11.96 12.78 0.66 9.98 10.80 -1.32 : FL : Early and Mids : 16.90 6.20 9.80 5.88 4.44 7.90 4.13 : TX : Early and Mids : 17.30 7.52 8.50 2.75 6.23 7.20 1.50 : CA-AZ : Navel and Misc : 18.90 11.99 12.86 0.66 10.01 10.88 -1.32 : US : 17.70 6.52 10.90 5.85 4.74 8.99 4.10 : Tangelos : FL : 16.50 7.93 9.00 6.50 5.45 6.60 3.90 : Tangerines : AZ : 21.70 14.77 15.80 0.66 12.69 13.72 -1.42 CA : 26.70 15.25 20.80 0.66 13.17 18.72 -1.42 FL : 25.00 14.23 16.40 7.50 10.93 13.20 3.90 : US : 24.90 14.38 16.82 6.47 11.30 13.83 3.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Net lbs. per box: Grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; Lemons-76: Limes-88; Oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; Tangelos-90; Tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. Potatoes: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : :: : : State : Nov : Dec :: State : Nov : Dec : : :: : : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt :: : Dollars per Cwt : :: : AL : :: NC : AZ : :: ND - All 1/ : 5.15 5.25 CA - All : 8.75 12.20 :: - Fresh 2/ : 5.40 NA - Winter : 18.10 20.10 :: - Processing : 4.75 NA - Spring : :: OH : 5.20 7.30 - Summer : :: OR : 5.30 5.25 - Fall : 7.10 6.70 :: PA : 6.35 6.65 CO - All 1/ : 3.95 3.65 :: TX : - Fresh 2/ : 4.05 NA :: VA : FL : :: WA - All : 4.20 4.55 ID - All 1/ : 4.20 4.00 :: - Processing : 3.85 NA - Fresh 2/ : 3.70 NA :: WI - All 1/ : 4.50 4.30 - Processing : 4.40 NA :: - Fresh 2/ : 4.30 NA ME : 5.90 6.15 :: - Processing : 4.65 NA MI : 6.35 6.50 :: : MN : 4.45 4.45 :: US - All 1/ : 4.81 5.08 NY : 9.35 9.60 :: - Fresh 2/ : 5.31 NA : :: - Processing : 4.50 NA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Average price of potatoes sold for all uses, including table stock, processing, seed and livestock feed. 2/ Fresh market prices only, includes table stock prices. Cattle: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cows 1/ : Steers & Heifers: Beef Cattle 4/ : Calves State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ : Nov 2/ : Dec 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : AZ : 26.90 30.40 61.70 61.10 61.00 60.80 74.40 73.00 AR : 26.20 25.90 59.90 61.20 46.80 47.80 70.30 72.80 CA : 29.50 29.50 61.00 60.50 46.00 44.40 72.50 72.00 CO : 30.40 29.90 65.50 62.60 61.60 60.00 79.50 83.40 FL : 30.00 30.30 57.20 60.60 37.60 37.60 69.70 74.00 GA : 29.00 30.20 54.50 57.10 36.70 38.80 68.40 72.30 ID : 27.70 28.70 61.30 60.90 50.20 51.90 74.00 75.00 IL : 28.70 28.50 58.80 59.00 58.20 58.40 95.00 95.00 IA : 29.80 29.30 60.70 59.10 59.20 57.60 68.80 67.00 KS : 27.30 27.90 62.80 57.90 61.70 57.00 81.00 77.00 KY : 30.00 30.00 61.00 62.00 53.60 54.30 66.00 69.00 LA : 29.60 31.00 58.80 62.00 40.10 40.90 70.90 75.00 MI : 29.80 29.50 53.50 53.00 44.00 43.60 45.00 53.00 MN : 31.00 31.00 59.20 59.00 54.20 54.00 60.60 66.00 MO : 29.00 29.20 64.80 64.10 57.30 56.80 71.50 76.20 MT : 30.10 30.30 71.00 72.00 60.40 57.80 76.40 78.30 NE : 29.50 29.10 62.20 58.00 61.10 57.10 76.60 73.00 NM : 31.60 32.00 68.10 67.50 52.40 51.50 76.90 77.50 ND : 28.30 29.10 67.10 67.90 57.00 53.90 74.30 74.50 OH : 28.70 30.00 59.30 58.00 56.20 55.20 55.20 55.00 OK : 29.00 30.10 68.20 67.70 58.90 58.70 79.80 80.70 OR : 30.50 31.20 62.10 63.30 52.60 53.70 70.20 70.70 PA : 31.30 32.00 58.40 58.50 51.30 51.60 82.10 82.80 SD : 29.50 29.60 68.20 70.40 61.20 63.10 80.80 81.90 TN : 27.80 28.00 59.70 61.00 46.90 47.80 65.70 69.00 TX : 28.40 28.10 63.10 62.20 59.60 58.80 79.40 81.30 VA : 26.30 25.90 57.30 56.70 53.30 50.50 63.20 67.20 WI : 30.40 29.80 56.60 55.10 41.40 40.40 96.60 102.00 WY : 31.90 32.00 71.70 69.50 60.20 58.30 78.90 81.30 : US : 29.70 29.70 62.30 59.40 58.10 55.80 77.50 79.50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 2/ Entire month. 3/ Mid-month. 4/ "Cows" and "steers and heifers" combined. Hogs: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Sows : Barrows and Gilts : All Hogs State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ : Nov 1/ : Dec 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Cwt : GA : 15.40 13.10 18.10 15.80 17.80 15.50 IL : 13.70 10.70 16.40 13.90 16.20 13.60 IN : 15.50 11.50 16.40 13.50 16.30 13.30 IA : 16.50 11.00 21.00 16.50 20.80 16.30 KS : 15.20 9.30 16.90 11.80 16.70 11.50 KY : 16.00 12.00 20.00 16.00 19.80 15.80 MI : 11.50 9.00 17.50 15.00 17.00 14.50 MN : 16.50 11.00 19.40 16.00 19.30 15.90 MO : 14.00 11.50 14.10 11.20 14.10 11.20 NE : 16.10 11.50 22.40 18.30 22.30 18.20 NC : 18.50 10.90 18.20 11.60 18.20 11.60 OH : 16.80 12.00 20.20 17.00 20.10 16.80 PA : 15.80 15.20 17.30 16.70 17.00 16.50 SC : 18.50 14.00 16.10 11.80 16.40 11.90 SD : 14.40 8.20 22.60 20.70 21.50 19.10 TN : 15.20 10.00 18.00 15.00 17.70 14.50 TX : 19.00 17.80 26.80 25.80 25.60 24.60 VA : 11.90 8.90 18.40 11.70 18.30 11.60 WI : 12.00 8.20 16.20 12.80 15.70 12.20 : US : 15.20 11.30 18.90 14.90 18.70 14.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month 2/ Mid-month. Sheep and Poultry: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : November : December :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Sheep : Lambs : Turkeys : Broilers: Eggs : 1/ : 1/ : 2/3/ : 1/4/ : 2/5/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : ---- Dollars per Cwt ---- Dollars per Pound Dol/Doz : AL : .400 .590 AZ : AR : .47 .380 .540 CA : 25.50 62.00 .45 .420 .710 CO : 26.70 62.60 CT : .640 DE : .395 FL : .600 GA : .390 .616 ID : 24.30 59.30 IN : .40 .670 IA : 29.80 56.90 .37 .528 KS : 24.00 63.00 ME : .790 MD : .395 MI : .600 MN : 20.50 58.30 .33 .550 MS : .380 .750 MO : .45 .502 MT : 25.50 68.60 NE : 27.80 54.70 NM : NY : .717 NC : .42 .380 .536 OH : 31.60 63.20 .656 OR : 29.00 61.30 PA : .42 .400 .610 SC : .547 SD : 28.50 67.60 TX : 32.50 63.70 .420 .651 UT : 21.00 59.00 VA : .42 .370 WA : .751 WY : 26.40 63.00 : US : 26.80 62.20 .411 .390 .629 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Entire month. 2/ Mid-month. 3/ IN, IA, MN and PA are actual liveweight prices. All other State prices are equivalent liveweight returns to producers (see footnote 4 for formula). 4/ Liveweight equivalent price. Derived from ready-to-cook (RTC) prices using the following formula: (RTC price minus processing cost) * (dressing percentage) = liveweight equivalent price. 5/ Market (table) eggs. Milk and Milk Cows: Prices Received, by States, November and December 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : November : December :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Fluid Grade : Manufacturing : All Milk : All Milk : : Milk 1/ : Grade Milk : 2/ : 2/3/ : Milk :---------------------------------------------------------------:Cows 4/ : Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: Price:Fat Test: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Cwt Pct Dol/Head : AL : 18.40 3.76 18.40 3.76 18.80 3.70 AZ : 16.30 3.67 16.30 3.67 16.80 3.67 AR : 17.20 3.70 17.20 3.70 18.30 3.70 CA : 17.80 3.75 18.00 4.15 17.80 3.75 17.50 3.80 CO : 17.40 3.72 17.40 3.72 18.30 3.75 FL : 20.70 3.62 20.70 3.62 21.00 3.62 GA : 18.50 3.77 18.50 3.77 19.30 3.75 ID : 17.90 3.74 18.20 3.90 17.90 3.75 18.10 3.76 IL : 17.20 3.85 18.20 3.78 17.30 3.85 17.60 3.87 IN : 16.80 3.84 15.20 3.95 16.70 3.85 17.60 3.84 IA : 17.30 3.84 16.60 3.90 17.20 3.84 17.30 3.85 KS : 17.00 3.82 16.70 3.89 17.00 3.82 17.60 3.84 KY : 17.50 3.75 15.40 3.87 17.50 3.75 18.20 3.75 LA : 18.10 3.54 18.10 3.54 18.70 3.44 MD : 17.80 3.85 17.80 3.85 18.50 3.80 MI : 17.60 3.83 17.20 3.90 17.60 3.83 18.30 3.83 MN : 18.70 3.86 17.50 3.94 18.60 3.87 18.80 3.85 MS : 18.10 3.69 18.10 3.69 19.00 3.63 MO : 17.90 3.80 17.00 3.94 17.90 3.81 17.90 3.83 NE : 16.70 3.85 16.60 3.90 16.70 3.85 17.70 3.88 NM : 16.80 3.65 16.80 3.65 16.80 3.66 NY : 17.60 3.79 17.60 3.79 18.20 3.80 NC : 19.90 3.80 17.40 4.29 19.90 3.80 19.90 3.82 ND : 17.70 3.85 15.20 3.89 16.80 3.87 16.90 3.85 OH : 17.50 3.88 16.10 3.86 17.40 3.88 18.30 3.90 OK : 17.80 3.74 17.80 3.74 18.70 3.76 OR : 17.30 3.76 16.80 4.20 17.30 3.76 17.60 3.78 PA : 18.00 3.81 17.40 3.84 18.00 3.81 19.10 3.80 TN : 17.90 3.77 16.00 3.96 17.90 3.77 18.30 3.81 TX : 18.00 3.71 18.00 3.71 18.00 3.76 UT : 16.90 3.79 17.10 3.84 16.90 3.80 17.00 3.78 VT : 17.80 3.84 17.80 3.84 18.20 3.85 VA : 18.10 3.72 13.10 3.73 18.00 3.72 18.80 3.74 WA : 17.30 3.76 17.30 3.76 17.40 3.81 WI : 18.52 3.87 18.03 3.99 18.49 3.88 18.50 3.85 : US : 17.90 3.79 17.30 3.95 17.90 3.79 18.10 3.80 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Including milk diverted to manufacturing. 2/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 3/ Preliminary. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices published Jan, Apr, Jul and Oct. Parity Price Equivalent for Manufacturing Milk 1/: United States, November and December 1998, with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Dec 1997 : Nov 1998 : Dec 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity Equivalent.........Dol per Cwt : 26.79 26.45 26.45 Average Price F.O.B.......Dol per Cwt : 13.60 17.30 2/17.30 Average Fat Test of Milk..Percent : 3.96 3.95 2/3.94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ The parity price equivalent during 1998 is 90.9 percent of the parity price of all milk sold to plants, compared with 90.8 percent in 1997. For additional details, see January 1998 issue of "Agricultural Prices". 2/ Preliminary. United States Parity Prices for Farm Products and Average Prices Received as Percent of Parity Prices Based on Data for December 1998, with Comparisons 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity Prices :Prices as Percent :Adjusted: Based on Data for : of Parity Commodity and Unit : Base :------------------------------------------ : Prices : Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec : : 1997 : 1998 : 1998 : 1997: 1998: 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- Dollars ---------- ---- Percents ---- Basic Commodities : All Wheat, Bu : .632 9.51 9.57 9.57 36 31 30 Rice, Cwt : 1.76 25.80 26.70 26.70 37 34 34 Corn, Bu : .429 6.38 6.50 6.50 39 30 30 Cotton, Lb : American Upland : .112 1.71 1.70 1.70 37 38 37 Extra Long Staple : .147 2.29 2.23 2.23 Peanuts, Lb : .0422 .656 .639 .639 47 34 34 Tobacco, By Type, Lb : Flue-Cured 11-14 : .249 3.82 3.77 3.77 48 VA Fire-Cured, 21 : .243 3.56 3.68 3.68 60 54 KY-TN Fire-Cured, 22-23 : .311 4.62 4.71 4.71 Burley, 31 : .262 3.95 3.97 3.97 48 48 48 Maryland, 32 : .217 3.43 3.29 3.29 Dark Air-Cured, 35-36 : .261 3.86 3.95 3.95 53 Sun-Cured, 37 : .218 3.19 3.30 3.30 60 51 PA Seedleaf, 41 : .186 2.69 2.82 2.82 Cigar Filler & Binder, : 42-44, 54-55 .213 3.17 3.23 3.23 Puerto Rican Filler, 46 : .173 2.64 2.62 2.62 Cigar Binder, 51-52 : .489 6.55 7.41 7.41 : Designated Nonbasic : All Milk, Sold to : Plants, Per Cwt : 1.92 29.50 29.10 29.10 2/49 2/59 2/62 Honey, Extracted, Lb : 3/.0859 1.31 1.30 1.30 : Wool and Mohair : Wool, Lb : .270 4.12 4.09 4.09 Mohair, Lb : .721 11.00 10.90 10.90 : Other Nonbasic : Barley, Bu : .386 5.81 5.85 5.85 42 35 34 Cottonseed, Ton : 15.70 233.00 238.00 238.00 52 56 58 Dry Edible Beans, Cwt : 3.29 50.10 49.80 49.80 41 42 43 Flaxseed, Bu : .782 11.40 11.80 11.80 50 42 42 Oats, Bu : .237 3.62 3.59 3.59 43 31 30 Potatoes, Cwt : .839 12.80 12.70 12.70 41 38 40 Rye, Bu : .325 4.62 4.92 4.92 Sorghum Grain, Cwt : .675 10.10 10.20 10.20 39 30 30 Soybeans, Bu : .924 13.70 14.00 14.00 49 39 38 Sweetpotatoes, Cwt : 1.61 19.10 24.40 24.40 Apples, Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0285 .443 .432 .432 53 42 35 Citrus (equiv on-tree),box: Grapefruit : .704 10.70 10.70 10.70 18 30 25 Lemons : 1.15 17.50 17.40 17.40 15 88 43 Limes (FL) : 1.21 19.80 18.30 18.30 61 24 27 Oranges : .900 13.70 13.60 13.60 21 43 35 Tangerines : 1.90 29.00 28.80 28.80 27 36 39 Temples (FL) : .755 11.50 11.40 11.40 Beef Cattle, Cwt : 9.90 152.00 150.00 150.00 41 39 37 Calves, Cwt : 12.60 194.00 191.00 191.00 43 41 42 Hogs, Cwt : 6.72 104.00 102.00 102.00 40 18 14 Lambs, Cwt : 10.10 153.00 153.00 153.00 55 41 Sheep, Cwt : 4.12 62.00 62.40 62.40 61 43 Eggs, Doz : .0946 1.43 1.43 1.43 2/52 2/53 2/49 Turkeys, Live, Lb : .0575 .874 .871 .871 44 51 47 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --continued Parity Prices Based on Data for December 1998, United States 1/ (continued) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity : Other Nonbasic : Adj Base : Parity Commodities : Prices : Prices : Commodities : Prices : Prices ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : : Dollars : : : Field Crops and : :Noncitrus Fruit : Misc Commodities : : Peaches, cont. : Hops, Lb : .236 3.58 : Processing 6/ : Spearmint Oil, Lb: 1.88 28.50 : Excl Dried : Tobacco, Lb : : Clingstone, : Type 61 : 2.58 39.10 : CA, Ton : 31.40 476.00 : : Pears, Ton : Noncitrus Fruit : : Fresh 5/ : 51.50 780.00 Apples, Ton 7/ : : Dried, CA 7/ : 142.00 2150.00 Processing : 18.30 277.00 : Plums, CA, Ton : Apricots, Ton : : Fresh, Equiv : Fresh 8/ : 140.00 2120.00 : on-Tree : 53.10 804.00 Dried, CA : 297.00 4500.00 : Prunes, Dried, : Avocados, Ton 8/ : 141.00 2140.00 : CA, Ton 7/ : 122.00 1850.00 Cherries : : Prunes and Plums,: Sweet, Ton : 153.00 2320.00 : Excl CA, Ton : Tart, Lb : .0363 .550 : Fresh 10/ : 58.20 882.00 Cranberry, Bbl 6/: 7.10 108.00 : Processing 7/ : Dates, CA, Ton 8/: 126.00 1910.00 : Excl Dried : 21.70 329.00 Grapes, Ton : : : Raisin Variety : 136.00 2060.00 :Tree Nuts 11/ : Other Dried : 55.00 833.00 : Almonds, Lb : .215 3.26 Kiwifruit, Ton : 75.80 1150.00 : Hazelnuts, Ton : 115.00 1740.00 Nectarines : : Pistachio, Lb : .168 2.55 Fresh, Calif, : : Walnuts, Ton : 148.00 2240.00 Ton 8/ : 61.40 930.00 : : Olives, CA : :Vegetables, Cwt 12/: Canning, Ton 6/: 93.70 1420.00 : Fresh : Papayas (HA) Lb : .0459 .695 : Carrots 9/ : 1.75 26.50 Peaches : : Cauliflower 9/ : 4.21 63.80 Fresh, Lb 5/ : .0399 .604 : Celery 9/ : 1.86 28.20 Dried, CA, : : Honeydew Melons : 2.45 37.10 Ton : 125.00 1890.00 : Lettuce : 2.14 32.40 : : Onions 9/ : 1.72 26.10 : : Tomatoes : 4.38 66.40 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Average local market price, excluding incentive payments. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for CA, NY (apples only), OR (except peaches), and WA. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 7/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 8/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 9/ Includes some processing. 10/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 11/ Prices in-shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 12/ F.O.B. shipping point prices. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey Procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of 2600 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total U.S. production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total marketings. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and Estimation Procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a U.S. price based on expanded marketings. Recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: For most items, the current month's price represents a 3-5 day period around the mid-month. Previous month's prices represent actual dollars received for quantities sold during the entire month. Revisions are published in monthly issues of "Agricultural Prices". Reliability: U.S. price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the U.S. relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any nonsampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these nonsampling errors. Prices Paid by Farmers The December Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW) was 114 (1990-92=100), the same as November 1998 but 2.6 percent below December 1997. Production Index: The farm production, goods, and services index for December 1998, at 110, was unchanged from last month but 5.2 percent below last year. Since November, higher prices for feeds were offset by lower fuel, fertilizer, and livestock prices. Feed: At 97, the feed index was 1.0 percent more than November but 20 percent less than last December. Since November, hay and forages was the only component of the index to decline. Complete feed and feed supplements contributed most to the index's increase. Livestock and Poultry: The index for livestock and poultry purchases at 85, was 1.2 percent lower than last month and 11 percent below last year. The December feeder cattle and calf component was down while all other components were unchanged. The feeder cattle and calf price, at $71.70 per cwt, was down $0.80 from November. Fertilizer: The fertilizer index, at 107, was down 0.9 percent from November and 7.8 percent less than December a year ago. Since November, nitrogen fertilizer and mixed fertilizer prices were down and more than offset the slightly higher price for phosphate and potash materials. Agricultural Chemicals: At 121, the chemical index was down 0.8 percent from both last month and December 1997. Higher prices in December for herbicides and other chemicals were more than offset by lower prices for insecticides. Fuels: The fuels index, at 80, was 3.6 percent below a month earlier and 25 percent below December 1997. Compared to last month, prices were lower for diesel fuel and gasoline but slightly higher for LP gas. Farm Machinery: The December farm machinery index was 133, unchanged from November but 2.3 percent above last December. Consumer Price Index: The November 1998 Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers before seasonal adjustment(CPI-U), at 164.0 (1982-84=100), was unchanged from October. For the 12-month period ending in November, the overall index has increased 1.5 percent. Index Numbers of Prices Paid by Farmers and Related Parity Ratios United States, December 1998 With Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-14 = 100 : 1990-92 = 100 Indexes :---------------------------------------------- and : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 Ratios :---------------------------------------------- : Dec : Nov : Dec : Dec : Nov : Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid by Farmers for : Commodities & Services, : Interest, Taxes, & Wage : Rates (PPITW) : 1558 *1516 1515 117 114 114 Production : 1127 1069 1069 116 110 110 Feed : 590 *468 474 121 *96 97 Livestock and Poultry : 1218 *1097 1088 95 *86 85 Seeds : 1186 1216 1216 120 123 123 Fertilizer : 423 *396 391 116 *108 107 Agricultural Chemicals : 753 *754 750 122 *122 121 Fuels : 822 *640 618 107 *83 80 Supplies & Repairs : 838 850 850 118 120 120 Autos & Trucks : 3160 *3160 3186 119 *119 120 Farm Machinery : 3257 *3337 3334 130 *133 133 Building Material : 1602 *1602 1601 118 118 118 Farm Services & Rent : 1407 *1418 1418 Farm Services : 116 116 116 Rent : 121 124 124 Interest 1/ : 2679 2702 2702 107 108 108 Taxes 2/ : 3093 3185 3185 115 119 119 Wage Rates : 4723 4911 4911 126 131 131 Production, Interest, Taxes, : & Wage Rates (PITW) : 1564 *1507 1506 116 112 112 Family Living-CPI 3/ : 1532 1558 1558 120 122 122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ratio (Received\Paid) : 90 88 86 Parity Ratio 4/ : 43 42 41 Parity Ratio Adjusted 5/ : 44 43 43 PPITW Adjusted for : Productivity 6/ : 1036 1043 1043 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Sector (PPITW) : 118 *118 118 Livestock Sector (PPITW) : 116 *110 110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Farm Sector (Production) : 112 *96 96 Non-Farm Sector (Production) : 118 *117 117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), for the previous month converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-14=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.037 for 1998 and the revised factor is 1.040 for 1997. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Selected Production Input Sub-Components United States, December 1998 With Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Input Indexes : Relative Weights :----------------------------- Index : 5-Year Moving Average : 1997 : 1998 :----------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : Dec : Nov : Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- Percent --- ----- (1990-92=100) ---- : Production Items : 66.8 67.0 116 110 110 : Feed : 11.4 11.6 121 *96 97 Feed Grains : 2.1 2.1 107 *82 83 Complete Feeds : 5.0 5.1 122 *103 106 Hay/Forages : 1.3 1.3 125 106 103 Concentrates : 1.8 1.8 136 *99 100 Supplements : 1.2 1.3 113 *74 77 Livestock & Poultry : 7.9 7.5 95 *86 85 Feeder Cattle : 6.2 5.9 96 *86 85 Feeder Pigs : .6 .6 77 53 53 Milk Cow Replacements : .6 .6 97 105 105 Poultry : .5 .4 106 106 106 Seeds : 2.7 2.8 120 123 123 Field Crops : 2.5 2.5 119 123 123 Grasses/Legumes : .2 .3 130 123 123 Fertilizer : 4.7 4.8 116 *108 107 Mixed Fertilizer : 2.1 2.1 116 *115 114 Nitrogen : 2.0 2.0 115 *98 95 Potash & Phosphate : .6 .7 113 118 118 Agricultural Chemicals : 3.6 3.7 122 *122 121 Herbicides : 2.3 2.4 119 *119 119 Insecticides : .8 .8 132 *136 133 Fungicides/Other : .5 .5 117 *114 114 Fuels : 2.8 2.7 107 *83 80 Diesel : 1.5 1.4 99 *78 76 Gasoline : 1.0 1.0 116 *91 85 LP Gas : .3 .3 111 82 83 Farm Supplies & Repairs : 5.7 5.4 118 120 120 Supplies : 1.9 1.8 114 *115 115 Repairs : 3.8 3.6 120 122 122 Autos & Trucks : 1.3 1.4 119 *119 120 Autos : .2 .2 113 *113 113 Trucks : 1.1 1.2 120 *120 121 Farm Machinery : 4.2 4.1 130 *133 133 Tractors : .9 .9 129 *131 131 Self-Propelled : 1.7 1.6 129 *133 132 Other Machinery : 1.6 1.6 132 *134 134 Building Materials : 2.6 2.7 118 118 118 Farm Services : 11.9 12.2 116 116 116 Custom Rates : 1.2 1.3 115 117 117 Other Services : 10.7 10.9 116 *115 115 Rent : 8.0 8.1 121 124 124 Cash : 3.6 3.6 135 140 140 Share : 4.4 4.5 111 111 111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Feed Price Ratios: United States, December 1998 With Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 Feed Price Ratio 1/ :--------------------------- : Dec : Nov : Dec ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Broiler-Feed: Pounds of Broiler Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight : 4.4 *7.2 6.8 Market Egg Feed: Pounds of Laying Feed equal in : value to 1 dozen market eggs : 11.0 *12.6 13.0 : Hog-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight : 16.5 *9.7 7.5 Milk-Feed: Pounds of 16% Mixed Dairy Feed equal : in value to 1 pound of Whole Milk : *2.80 *4.24 4.35 : Steer & Heifer-Corn: Bushels of Corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of Steer & Heifers, : live weight : 26.5 *32.3 30.3 Turkey-Feed: Pounds of Turkey Grower equal in : value to 1 pound of Turkey, live weight : 5.8 *8.3 7.8 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current U.S. prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. * Revised. Prices Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios: United States, December 1998 With Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : 1997 : 1998 Commodity : Unit :---------------------------------------------- : : Dec : Nov : Dec ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Broilers, Live : Lb : .321 .415 .390 Eggs, Market : Doz : .680 .610 .629 : : Hogs, All : Cwt : 41.60 *18.70 14.70 Milk, All : Cwt : 14.80 17.90 18.10 : : Steers and Heifers : Cwt : 66.80 *62.30 59.40 Turkeys, Live : Lb : .387 .440 .411 : : Corn : Bu : 2.52 *1.93 1.96 Hay, Alfalfa, Baled : Ton : 102.00 85.00 81.40 : : Soybeans : Bu : 6.72 *5.40 5.27 Wheat, All : Bu : 3.44 2.97 2.90 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Feeder Livestock and Poultry: Prices Paid, United States December 1998 With Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1997 : 1998 ITEM : Unit :-------------------------------------------- : : Dec : Nov : Dec ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars Feeder and Stocker : : Cattle and Calves : Cwt : 81.50 *72.50 71.70 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Feed: Annual Average Prices Paid, United States, 1993-94 and April 1995-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : Unit: 1993 : 1994 : 1995 1/: 1996 1/: 1997 1/: 1998 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Dollars Alfalfa Meal : Cwt : 11.30 12.00 11.80 12.30 13.60 13.80 Alfalfa Pellets : " : 11.40 12.10 12.00 12.40 13.40 13.60 Bran : " : 11.00 11.20 11.20 13.00 14.20 13.80 Beef Cattle Conc. : : 32-36% Protein : Ton : 264 275 251 316 325 292 Corn Meal : Cwt : 7.22 7.96 7.80 10.60 9.30 8.57 Cottonseed Meal, 41% : " : 14.90 15.30 14.20 16.80 17.20 16.00 Dairy Feed : : 14% Protein : Ton : 168 170 162 216 202 186 16% Protein : " : 180 184 174 225 215 194 18% Protein : " : 187 193 183 238 230 206 20% Protein : " : 189 196 186 239 238 207 32% Protein Conc. : " : 294 301 276 333 362 302 Hog Feed : : 14-18% Protein : " : 202 214 210 252 252 227 38-42% Protein Conc. : " : 315 316 292 351 389 317 : : Molasses, Liquid : Cwt : 10.40 10.80 11.80 11.80 12.20 11.90 Poultry Feed : : Broiler Grower : Ton : 209 214 195 265 270 257 Chick Starter : " : 226 231 212 280 284 268 Laying Feed : " : 202 210 195 258 251 224 Turkey Grower : " : 248 258 242 312 305 278 : : Soybean Meal, 44% : Cwt : 13.70 13.90 12.40 15.60 17.70 14.30 Stock Salt :50 Lb: 3.56 3.72 3.76 3.82 3.92 3.91 Trace Mineral Block 2/:50 Lb: 4.85 4.90 5.05 4.98 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Index (1990-92=100) : :------------------------------------------------- Feed Prices : : Paid Index 3/ : Pct : 102 106 103 129 123 105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ April survey only, quarterly surveys discontinued January 1995. 2/ Survey item added April 1995. 3/ Annual Average for all years. Feeder Livestock : Annual Average Prices Paid, United States, 1993-1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : Unit : 1993 : 1994 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Dollars Broiler Chicks : 100 : 18.60 19.30 18.60 18.60 19.70 1/ Egg-Type Chicks : " : 53.80 49.70 49.80 50.20 53.10 1/ Feeders and Stockers : : Cattle and Calves : Cwt : 89.00 80.40 67.70 59.40 76.90 74.20 Feeder Pigs : " : 86.60 66.90 64.00 77.10 99.80 59.20 Turkey Poults : Each : 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.10 1.08 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Index (1990=92=100) : :----------------------------------------------- Livestock and Poultry : : Prices Paid Index : Pct : 104 94 82 75 94 88 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Annual average data are published in April. * Revised. **************************************************************************** * The data presented in the folling tables are calculated and published * * for use by the Forest Service, USDA and the Bureau of Land Management, * * USDI in computing Public Land Grazing Fees. * **************************************************************************** 1998 Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production (1964-68=100) 1/: 514 1/ The Index of Prices Paid by Farmers and Ranchers for Beef Cattle Production input items is for the period of November 1997 through October 1998. The components of this index include the production indexes of Fuels & Energy, Farm & Motor Supplies, Building & Fencing Materials, Interest, Farm Wage Rates, and Farm Services. These components are weighted to the overall index value by their importance in the cost of producing beef cattle, the weights are unchanged from a year earlier. Cattle: Prices Received, Selected States, 1998 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : Beef Cattle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars Per Cwt : 9 Great Plains States 2/ : 62.75 11 Western States 3/ : 60.01 16 Western States 4/ : 62.15 17 Western States 5/ : 62.12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Average for November 1997 through October 1998, except NV, UT, and WA which are marketing year averages. 2/ CO, KS, NE, NM, ND, OK, SD, TX, and WY. 3/ AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, AND WY. 4/ Eleven Western States plus KS, NE, ND, OK, and SD. 5/ Sixteen Western States plus TX. Prices Paid by Farmers Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey Procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each April to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the 5 business days centered around the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for, agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and Estimation Procedures: The annual April Paid Survey is summarized as a nonprobability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and U.S. level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the State Statistical Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and U.S. levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of "Agricultural Prices". The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely in April when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization in April are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the U.S. relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any nonsampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these nonsampling errors. Program Change: Effective January 1, 1995, the National Agricultural Statistics Service updated the weights and changed the construction of its prices paid and received by farmers indexes. A Federal Register Notice dated October 28, 1994 discussed these program modifications. A 1990-92 reference and base period replaced the 1977 reference and 1971-73 base weight period. Five-year moving average weights replaced the current fixed 1971-73 base period weights. The 1910-14=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 1990-92=100 indexes. The new indexes were constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights (adjusted for seasonal marketing patterns for the prices received indexes). Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1998 I. Prices Received by Farmers Month Published A. Annual or Marketing Year Average Prices: Barley, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............... Aug Cattle, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............... Feb Chickens, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............. Apr Citrus Crops: Grapefruit, 1995-96, 1996-97 and 1997-98 ............. Sep Lemons, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ................ Sep Limes, Florida, 1996-97, and 1997-98 Preliminary ..... Jan Limes, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ................. Sep Oranges, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ............... Sep Tangelos, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 .............. Sep Tangerines, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ............ Sep Temples, 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ............... Sep Corn, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Nov Cotton, by Type, State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ......... Oct Cottonseed, by State, 1997-98 .......................... Oct Cranberries, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .......... Aug Dry Beans, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............ Nov Eggs, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Apr Flaxseed, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............. Nov Hay, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .................. Aug Hogs, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Feb Milk Retail, by State, 1996 and 1997 and U.S., 1992-97 . Apr Milk, Sold to Plants, by Grade, Price and Fat Test by State, 1996 and 1997 and U.S., 1992-97 ............ Apr Mohair, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............... Mar Non-citrus Fruit, 1995-97, by State .................... Feb Peanuts, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .............. Nov Potatoes, by State and U.S., Preliminary 1997 ..................................... Feb Revised 1997 ......................................... Sep Rye, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .................. Aug Sheep, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................ Feb Sorghum, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .............. Nov Soybeans, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............. Nov Sunflower, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............ Nov Sweetpotatoes, by State and U.S., 1996 and Preliminary 1997 ............................ Jan 1996 and Revised 1997 ................................ Jun Sugar Crops, United States, 1997 ....................... Jul Tobacco, by Type, State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ........ May Turkeys, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .............. Apr Wheat, by Type, State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .......... Aug Wool, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Mar B. Monthly Prices - Revised: Apples, U.S., July 1995 - December 1997 ................ Jan Apples, by State and U.S., July 1996 - August 1997 ..... Feb Apples, by State and U.S., July 1996 - June 1998 ....... Jul Barley, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Aug Cattle, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............... Feb Chickens, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ............. Apr Citrus Crops: Grapefruit, 1996-97 and 1997-98 ..................... Sep Lemons, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ........................ Sep Limes, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ......................... Sep Oranges, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ........................ Sep Tangelos, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ....................... Sep Tangerines, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ..................... Sep Temples, 1996-97, and 1997-98 ........................ Sep B. Monthly Prices - Revised: (continued) Month Published Corn, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Cotton, by Type, State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Oct Cottonseed, by State and U.S., Marketing Year 1997-98 .. Oct Dry Beans, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Eggs, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Apr Flaxseed, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Grapes, U.S., May 1996 - December 1997 ................. Jan Hay, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Aug Hogs, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................. Feb Milk, Sold to Plants, by Grade, Price and Fat Test by State, 1996 and 1997 and U.S., 1992-97 ............ Apr Milk Cows, by Quarter, by State, 1996, and U.S., 1992-97 .................................... Feb Peaches, U.S., May 1995 - September 1997 ............... Jan Peanuts, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Pears, U.S., July 1995 - December 1997 ................. Jan Pears, U.S., July 1995 - June 1998 ..................... Jul Potatoes, by State and U.S., Preliminary 1997 ..................................... Feb Revised 1997 ......................................... Sep Sheep, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 ................ Feb Sorghum, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Soybeans, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1995-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Sunflower, by State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Nov Tobacco, by Type, State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. May Turkeys, by State and U.S., 1996 and 1997 .............. Apr Vegetable Crops, by State, 1995-97, and U.S., 1992-97 .. Jan Wheat, by Type, State and U.S., Marketing Years, 1996-97 and 1997-98 .................................. Aug C. Index Numbers - Revised: Index of Prices Received by Farmers, U.S., by Month and Year, 1994 - 1997 ................................Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct D. Milk and Egg Prices, Adjusted for Seasonal Variation, Revised: Seasonally Adjusted Prices, U.S., 1994 - 1997 .......... Apr Seasonal Adjustment Factors, July 1998 - June 1999 ..... Jul E. Parity Prices: Method of Computing .................................... Jan Average Prices Used for Parity Computations, 1988-97 ... Jan Manufacturing Milk: Method of Computing Parity Price Equivalent .......... Jan Average Price Received, U.S., Jan 1987 - Dec 1997 .... Jan II. Five-Month U.S. Average Prices: Rice, August - December 1997 (1997 Crop) ................ Jan III. Twelve-Month U.S. Average Prices: Upland Cotton, January - December 1997 .................. Jan Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1998 V. Prices Paid by Farmers Month Published A. Indexes 1910-14=100 PPITW, PITW, Production Items, Component Items, Interest, Taxes and Wage Rates, Family Living, Farm and Non-Farm Origin, Crop and Livestock Sectors, Adjusted for Productivity, Ratio, Parity Ratio and Adjusted Parity Ratio Annual Average (1994-98) ..................... Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct By Month (1994-98) ........................... Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly 1990-92=100 PPITW, PITW, Production Items, Component and Subcomponent Items, Interest, Taxes and Wage Rates, Family Living Farm and Non-Farm Origin, Crop and Livestock Sectors, Adjusted for Productivity, Ratio, Parity Ratio and Adjusted Parity Ratio Annual Average (1994-98) ..................... Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct By Month (1994-98 ........................... Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly B. Prices Farm Machinery, U.S. ........................... Apr Feed, by Regions and U.S. ...................... Apr Feed, Annual Average,(1993-94), April (1995-98), U.S. Dec Feeder Livestock, U.S. ......................... Monthly Poultry, Chicks and Poults, Annual Average ..... Apr Feeder Livestock, Annual Average, U.S., 1993-1998 .................................... Dec Fertilizer Materials, Mixed Fertilizer and Agricultural Limestone, by Region and U.S. ... Apr Field Seeds, Retail U.S. ....................... Apr Fuels, by Regions and U.S. ..................... Apr Agricultural Chemicals, U.S. ................... Apr C. Feed-Price Ratios U.S. by Months and Annual Average, Jan 1995 - May 1998 May U.S. Current Month, Previous Month, Previous Year Monthly D. Prices Paid Program Prices Paid Survey Months, Month Published and Geographic Levels of Estimates ............... Jan Prices Paid Regions, and States Included ....... Jan E. Grazing Fee Rates Private Non-Irrigated Grazing Fee Rates by State, and Region.(Data for 1997-98 will be published in January 1999) Jan Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production (1964-68=100) Dec Other Data Used to Compute Public Lands Grazing Fee Rates Dec Other Hay Prices Received, Selected Eastern Regions Feb Index Prices Received U.S. Prices and Indexes Page Page Narrative................ A-2 Cows, Beef............. A-18 Price Indexes............ A-3 Cows, Milk............. A-21 Prices Received Eggs................... A-20 U.S. Summary........... A-6-7 Flaxseed............... A-14 Selected Commodities... A-12 Fruit, Citrus.......... A-16 Upland Cotton and Rice Hay.................... A-15 Prices and Marketings.. A-15 All Hogs............... A-19 Parity Prices............ A-22-23 Lambs.................. A-20 Reliability Statement.... A-24 Milk................... A-21 Oats................... A-13 Monthly State Prices Peanuts................ A-14 Potatoes............... A-17 Apples................... A-15 Sheep.................. A-20 Barley................... A-13 Sorghum, Grain......... A-13 Barrows and Gilts........ A-19 Soybeans............... A-13 Beans, Dry Edible........ A-14 Sows................... A-19 Beef Cattle.............. A-18 Steers and Heifers..... A-18 Broilers................. A-20 Sunflower.............. A-14 Calves................... A-18 Tobacco................ A-14 Corn..................... A-13 Turkeys................ A-20 Cotton................... A-15 Wheat.................. A-12 Cottonseed............... A-15 Special Features Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1998 ............ B-11-12 Index Prices Paid Page Narrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Indexes and Parity Ratios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2-3 Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4-6 Feed Price Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 Commodity Prices Used in Feed Price Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 Reliability Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10 U.S. Average Prices: Feeder Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 Special Features Feed: Annual Average Price, U.S., 1993-95, April 96-98 . . . . . . . B-8 Feeder Livestock: Annual Averages, U.S., 1993-98 . . . . . . . . . . B-8 Prices Paid Index for Beef Cattle Production . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9 Cattle: Prices Received, Selected States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9 Periodic Features of the Monthly Price Reports for 1998 . . . . . . B-13 Report Features Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Estimates Division of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Crops Branch C. Ray Halley, Chief (202) 720-2127 Field Crops Section Bill Dowdy, Head (202) 720-3843 Rhonda Brandt - Corn (202) 720-9526 Herman Ellison - Barley, Peanuts, Rice (202) 720-7688 Doug Hartwig - Hay, Sorghum (202) 720-3234 Roger Latham - Cotton (202) 720-5944 Mark E. Miller - Oats (202) 720-7621 Jerry Ramirez - Oilseeds (202) 690-7369 Vaughn Siegenthaler - Wheat (202) 720-8068 Fruit and Vegetable Section Dean Groskurth, Head (202) 720-3843 Arvin Budge - Potatoes (202) 720-4285 Dave DeWalt - Citrus (202) 720-5412 Howard Hill - Grapes (202) 720-7235 Linda Simpson - Dry Beans, Peaches, Pears (202) 690-0270 Biz Wallingsford - Vegetables, Strawberries (202) 720-2157 Debbie Williams - Apples, Tobacco (202) 720-4288 Commodity Prices Coordinator Charles Van Lahr (202) 720-5446 Kirby Cavett - Prices Received Indexes (202) 690-3237 Livestock and Economic Branch Robert W. Milton, Chief (202) 720-3570 Livestock Section Dan Kerestes, Head (202) 720-4447 James Hand - Sheep, Lambs, Milk (202) 690-3236 Greg Matli - Hogs (202) 720-3106 Greg Thessen - Cattle (202) 720-3040 Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section Alfonzo Drain, Head (202) 720-6351 Dan Boostrum - Eggs (202) 720-3244 Tom Krutchen - Broilers, Honey (202) 690-4870 John Lange - Turkeys (202) 720-8784 Farm Inputs Section (Prices Paid) Mark Harris, Head (202) 720-4214 Kim Nielsen - Prices Paid Indexes, Feed, Fertilizer, Agricultural Chemicals, Seeds (202) 690-3347 Jim Williams - Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Fuels, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios, Grazing Fees, Autos & Trucks (202) 690-3225 The next "Agricultural Prices" report will be released at 3:00 p.m. ET on January 29, 1999. 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To get program and registration details, access the Forum web site at www.usda.gov/oce, send e-mail to agforum@oce.usda.gov or call (202) 314-3462. Register today; rates go up after February 1. February 22-23, 1999 Arlington, Virginia Size Up Your Future. Agricultural Outlook Forum 1999 Farm and Commodity Outlook Long-term Prospects to 2008 New Risk Management Tools Price Discovery Issues Farm Marketing Innovations Focus on China and Latin America First Look at the New Ag Census Impact of Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Programs Agricultural Outlook Forum 1999