Cr Pr 2-2 (6-08) Crop Production National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released June 10, 2008, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Crop Production" call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Winter Wheat Production Up 2 Percent From May All Orange Production Unchanged From May Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.82 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast and 20 percent above 2007. Based on June 1 conditions, the U.S. yield is forecast at 45.3 bushels per acre, up 1.0 bushel from last month and 3.1 bushels more than last year. Grain area totals 40.2 million acres, unchanged from May 1. Hard Red production is up 2 percent from a month ago to 1.03 billion bushels. Soft Red is up 4 percent from last month and now totals 572 million bushels. White production totals 216 million bushels, up slightly from last month. Of the White production total, 23.2 million bushels are Hard White and 193 million bushels are Soft White. The U.S. all orange forecast for the 2007-08 season is 10.1 million tons, unchanged from the May 1 forecast but 33 percent higher than the 2006-07 final utilization of 7.63 million tons. Florida's all orange forecast, at 169 million boxes (7.58 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but 31 percent higher than last season's final utilization of 129 million boxes. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 83.5 million boxes (3.76 million tons), unchanged from the May 1 forecast but 27 percent above last season. Florida's Valencia forecast, at 85.0 million boxes (3.83 million tons), is unchanged from the last forecast but 34 percent higher than 2006-07. The monthly row count survey indicated that about 74 percent of the Valencia orange rows had been harvested. If the production forecast for all oranges is achieved, it will be the highest since 2003-04, prior to the two hurricane seasons. Arizona, California, and Texas orange production forecasts are carried forward from May 1. Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2007-08 season is 1.67 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, up 1 percent from both last month and last season and is a new record high. The early-mid portion is final at 1.55 gallons per box, down slightly from last season's final of 1.56 gallons per box. The Valencia portion increased from 1.76 gallons per box to 1.80 gallons per box, surpassing last season's record final of 1.77 gallons per box. All yield projections include the assumption that the processing methods this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. This report was approved on June 10, 2008. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Charles F. Conner Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Carol C. House Contents Page Grains & Hay Wheat, By Class.........................................................5 Wheat, Durum............................................................5 Wheat, Winter...........................................................4 Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops Sugarbeets.............................................................10 Sugarcane..............................................................11 Noncitrus Fruits & Tree Nuts Apricots................................................................8 Cherries, Sweet.........................................................6 Papayas.................................................................8 Peaches.................................................................6 Pears...................................................................8 Prunes..................................................................8 Maple Syrup............................................................12 Citrus Fruits Grapefruit...............................................................7 Lemons...................................................................7 Oranges..................................................................7 Tangelos.................................................................7 Tangerines...............................................................7 Temples..................................................................7 Potatoes & Miscellaneous Crops Sweet Potatoes.........................................................14 Hops....................................................................9 Crop Comments.................................................................25 Crop Summary..................................................................15 Information Contacts..........................................................32 Reliability of Acreage Data in this Report....................................30 Weather Maps..................................................................21 Weather Summary...............................................................23 Winter Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State and United States, 2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Harvested : Yield : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2008 : : : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 :-------------------: 2007 : 2008 : : : : May 1 : Jun 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Acres ------- Bushels ------- --- 1,000 Bushels --- : AR : 700 840 41.0 53.0 56.0 28,700 47,040 CA : 240 320 80.0 70.0 75.0 19,200 24,000 CO : 2,350 2,100 40.0 32.0 30.0 94,000 63,000 DE : 55 78 68.0 66.0 70.0 3,740 5,460 GA : 230 350 40.0 54.0 55.0 9,200 19,250 ID : 710 840 73.0 72.0 73.0 51,830 61,320 IL : 890 1,160 57.0 63.0 68.0 50,730 78,880 IN : 370 530 57.0 66.0 67.0 21,090 35,510 KS : 8,600 9,400 33.0 38.0 38.0 283,800 357,200 KY : 250 450 49.0 66.0 69.0 12,250 31,050 MD : 170 215 68.0 64.0 66.0 11,560 14,190 MI : 540 710 65.0 69.0 69.0 35,100 48,990 MS : 330 425 56.0 57.0 57.0 18,480 24,225 MO : 880 1,120 43.0 52.0 54.0 37,840 60,480 MT : 2,190 2,600 38.0 34.0 35.0 83,220 91,000 NE : 1,960 1,850 43.0 44.0 43.0 84,280 79,550 NY : 85 120 52.0 55.0 55.0 4,420 6,600 NC : 500 700 40.0 51.0 53.0 20,000 37,100 OH : 730 1,000 63.0 64.0 67.0 45,990 67,000 OK : 3,500 4,500 28.0 33.0 35.0 98,000 157,500 OR : 735 760 55.0 60.0 60.0 40,425 45,600 PA : 155 190 58.0 58.0 58.0 8,990 11,020 SC : 135 170 31.0 50.0 54.0 4,185 9,180 SD : 1,980 1,750 48.0 44.0 47.0 95,040 82,250 TN : 260 490 41.0 58.0 60.0 10,660 29,400 TX : 3,800 3,400 37.0 29.0 30.0 140,600 102,000 VA : 205 250 64.0 64.0 66.0 13,120 16,500 WA : 1,690 1,720 64.0 63.0 63.0 108,160 108,360 WI : 270 300 69.0 68.0 68.0 18,630 20,400 : Oth : Sts 1/: 1,442 1,824 43.5 44.0 45.7 62,749 83,309 : US : 35,952 40,162 42.2 44.3 45.3 1,515,989 1,817,364 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include AL, AZ, FL, IA, LA, MN, NV, NJ, NM, ND, UT, WV, and WY. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2008 Summary." Durum Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State and United States, 2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Harvested : Yield : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------ State : : : : 2008 : : : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 :-------------------: 2007 : 2008 : : : : May 1 : Jun 1 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Acres -------- Bushels ------- 1,000 Bushels : AZ : 79 145 100.0 95.0 100.0 7,900 14,500 CA : 75 155 95.0 100.0 110.0 7,125 17,050 MT : 475 24.0 11,400 ND : 1,460 30.0 43,800 : Oth : Sts 2/: 23 63.5 1,461 : US : 2,112 33.9 71,686 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Area harvested for the U.S. and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 30, 2008. Yield and production will be published in "Crop Production" released July 11, 2008. 2/ Other States include ID and SD. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2008 Summary." Wheat: Production by Class, United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------- : Winter :--------------------------------------------------------- Year : Hard : Soft : Hard : Soft : All : Red : Red : White : White : White ---------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Bushels : 2006 : 682,079 390,165 13,284 212,553 225,837 2007 : 961,588 357,897 21,460 175,044 196,504 2008 :1,029,523 571,627 23,212 193,002 216,214 :------------------------------------------------------------------- : Spring : :---------------------------------------------------------: : Hard : Hard : Soft : All : : Total : Red : White : White : White : Durum : :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Bushels : 2006 : 432,339 6,226 21,915 28,141 53,475 1,812,036 2007 : 448,904 5,589 24,554 30,143 71,686 2,066,722 2008 : -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both survey and administrative data. The previous end-of-season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Sweet Cherries: Total Production by State and Total, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Tons : CA : 42,100 85,000 86,000 OR : 55,100 35,000 35,000 WA : 168,000 170,000 100,000 : Total : 265,200 290,000 221,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The first production forecast for sweet cherries in ID, MI, NY, and UT and tart cherries in MI, NY, OR, PA, UT, WA, and WI will be published in the "Cherry Production" report released on June 19, 2008. The first estimate for 2008 sweet cherries in MT will be released in January 2009. Peaches: Total Production by Crop, State, and Total, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Tons : CA : All : 712,000 933,000 810,000 Clingstone 1/ : 359,000 503,000 380,000 Freestone : 353,000 430,000 430,000 GA : 41,000 13,000 35,000 SC : 60,000 12,500 65,000 : Total : 813,000 958,500 910,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ CA Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions. Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States, 2005-06, 2006-07 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized Production : Utilized Production : Boxes : Ton Equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2005-06 : 2006-07 : 2007-08 : 2005-06 : 2006-07 : 2007-08 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 Boxes 2/ ----- ------- 1,000 Tons ------ Oranges : Early, Mid & : Navel 3/ : AZ 4/ : 250 200 250 9 8 9 CA 4/ : 47,000 34,500 49,500 1,763 1,294 1,856 FL 5/ : 75,000 65,600 83,500 3,375 2,952 3,758 TX 4/ : 1,400 1,600 1,400 60 68 60 US : 123,650 101,900 134,650 5,207 4,322 5,683 Valencia : AZ 4/ : 200 100 100 8 4 4 CA 4/ : 14,000 11,500 16,000 525 431 600 FL : 72,700 63,400 85,000 3,272 2,853 3,825 TX 4/ : 200 380 388 9 16 16 US : 87,100 75,380 101,488 3,814 3,304 4,445 All : AZ 4/ : 450 300 350 17 12 13 CA 4/ : 61,000 46,000 65,500 2,288 1,725 2,456 FL : 147,700 129,000 168,500 6,647 5,805 7,583 TX 4/ : 1,600 1,980 1,788 69 84 76 US : 210,750 177,280 236,138 9,021 7,626 10,128 Temples 5/ : FL : 700 32 Grapefruit : White : FL : 6,500 9,300 9,000 276 395 383 Colored : FL : 12,800 17,900 17,500 544 761 744 All : AZ 4/ : 100 100 150 3 3 5 CA 4/ : 6,000 5,500 5,000 201 184 168 FL : 19,300 27,200 26,500 820 1,156 1,127 TX 4/ : 5,200 7,100 6,400 208 284 256 US : 30,600 39,900 38,050 1,232 1,627 1,556 Tangerines : AZ 4/ 6/ : 550 300 400 21 11 15 CA 4/ 6/ : 3,600 3,500 5,100 135 131 191 FL : 5,500 4,600 5,500 261 219 261 US : 9,650 8,400 11,000 417 361 467 Lemons 4/ : AZ : 3,800 2,500 1,500 144 95 57 CA : 22,000 18,500 17,000 836 703 646 US : 25,800 21,000 18,500 980 798 703 Tangelos : FL : 1,400 1,250 1,500 63 56 68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year. 2/ Net lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; Temples-90; tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. 3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of tangerines in TX. 4/ Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast. 5/ Temples included in early and midseason orange varieties beginning with 2006-07 season. 6/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Bartlett Pears: Total Production by State and Total, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Production State :-------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Tons : CA : 199,000 201,000 175,000 OR : 63,000 62,000 57,000 WA : 165,000 172,000 150,000 : Total : 427,000 435,000 382,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Miscellaneous Fruits, California: Total Production by Crop, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Tons : Prunes (Dried Basis) 1/ : 198,000 83,000 120,000 : Apricots : 39,000 81,000 87,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2007 revised. Papayas: Area and Fresh Production by Month, Hawaii, 2007-2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area : Fresh Production 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Total in Crop : Harvested : : :---------------------------------------------: 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- Acres ---------------- 1,000 Pounds : Mar : 2,080 2,020 1,295 1,425 2,345 2,505 Apr : 2,095 2,015 1,260 1,420 2,445 2,615 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Utilized fresh production. Hops: Area Harvested by Variety, State, and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted June 1, 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area Harvested :Strung For Harvest and :-------------------------------------------------------- Variety : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Acres : ID : Total 1/ : 2,797 2,896 3,885 : OR : Cascade : * * 98 Golding : 117 115 130 Millenium : 293 294 329 Mt. Hood : 161 178 174 Nugget : 1,590 1,675 1,762 Sterling : 123 95 95 Willamette : 2,301 2,396 2,596 : Other Varieties : 451 517 608 : Total : 5,036 5,270 5,792 : WA : Ahtanum : 40 42 * Apollo R : 573 Bravo R : 144 Cascade : 1,116 1,303 2,153 Centennial : * * 232 Chelan : 505 505 629 Chinook : 365 311 285 Cluster : 352 366 362 Columbus/Tomahawk R : 2,772 3,342 4,498 Galena : 3,809 3,030 2,700 Glacier : 17 21 56 Golding : 53 52 38 Hallertauer : 49 56 * Millenium : 910 728 740 Mt. Hood : 44 43 * Nugget : 1,100 1,093 1,061 Simcoe : * * 129 Sterling : 62 * * Summit R : 66 632 2,403 Super Galena R : * * 537 Vanguard : * 64 * Willamette : 4,554 4,462 4,552 YCR-4(Palisade R) : 54 91 272 YCR-5(Warrior R) : 421 339 277 Zeus : 3,982 4,737 5,943 : Other Varieties : 1,261 1,528 884 : Total : 21,532 22,745 28,468 : US : 29,365 30,911 38,145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Only State totals published for Idaho to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Included in Other Varieties to avoid disclosure of individual operations. R Registered Sugarbeets: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by State and United States, 2006-2007 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Planted : Area Harvested : Yield State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 2/ : 2006 : 2007 2/ : 2006 : 2007 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 Acres --------------- ------ Tons ------ : CA : 43.3 40.0 43.1 39.1 36.1 37.5 CO : 42.1 32.0 38.0 29.2 23.4 26.2 ID : 188.0 169.0 187.0 167.0 31.7 34.4 MI : 155.0 150.0 154.0 149.0 23.2 23.4 MN : 504.0 486.0 477.0 481.0 24.9 23.8 MT : 53.6 47.5 48.5 47.0 27.0 24.7 NE : 61.3 47.5 57.8 44.3 23.3 23.5 ND : 261.0 252.0 243.0 247.0 26.0 23.1 OR : 13.1 12.0 13.1 11.0 30.1 31.9 WA : 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 37.0 42.0 WY : 42.8 30.8 40.1 30.2 19.9 21.8 : US : 1,366.2 1,268.8 1,303.6 1,246.8 26.1 25.6 :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production : Price per Ton : Value of Production :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 2/ : 2006 : 2007 3/ : 2006 : 2007 3/ :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 Tons --- ---- Dollars ---- 1,000 Dollars : CA : 1,556 1,466 44.20 68,775 CO : 889 765 42.20 37,516 ID : 5,928 5,745 39.50 234,156 MI : 3,573 3,487 39.85 142,384 MN : 11,877 11,448 47.50 564,158 MT : 1,310 1,161 41.60 54,496 NE : 1,347 1,041 44.50 59,942 ND : 6,318 5,706 48.90 308,950 OR : 394 351 39.50 15,563 WA : 74 84 39.50 2,923 WY : 798 658 46.80 37,346 : US : 34,064 31,912 44.80 1,526,209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except CA. In CA, relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central CA and to year of planting for overwintered beets in central and southern CA. 2/ Revised. 3/ Estimates are not available. U.S. marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in "Agricultural Prices" released July 31, 2008. State estimates will be published in "Crop Values" to be released February 2009. Sugarcane: Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by State and United States, 2006-2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Harvested : Yield 1/ : Production 1/ State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 2/ : 2006 : 2007 2/ : 2006 : 2007 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Acres ----- Tons ---- --- 1,000 Tons --- : For Sugar : FL : 382.0 375.0 35.8 36.0 13,676 13,500 HI : 20.4 20.4 79.1 73.2 1,614 1,493 LA : 405.0 390.0 27.3 30.4 11,057 11,856 TX : 39.2 42.5 41.2 33.5 1,615 1,424 : US : 846.6 827.9 33.0 34.2 27,962 28,273 : For Seed : FL : 18.0 18.0 37.2 37.6 670 677 HI : 1.6 2.5 32.0 28.3 51 71 LA : 30.0 30.0 27.3 30.4 819 912 TX : 1.5 1.2 41.0 30.4 62 36 : US : 51.1 51.7 31.4 32.8 1,602 1,696 : For Sugar : and Seed : FL : 400.0 393.0 35.9 36.1 14,346 14,177 HI : 22.0 22.9 75.7 68.3 1,665 1,564 LA : 435.0 420.0 27.3 30.4 11,876 12,768 TX : 40.7 43.7 41.2 33.4 1,677 1,460 : US : 897.7 879.6 32.9 34.1 29,564 29,969 :------------------------------------------------------------------- : For Sugar : For Sugar and Seed :------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per Ton : Value of Production : Value of Production 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 :2007 4/ : 2006 : 2007 4/ : 2006 : 2007 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars ------------- 1,000 Dollars ------------- : FL : 31.10 425,324 446,161 HI : 31.00 50,034 51,615 LA : 29.60 327,287 351,529 TX : 28.70 46,351 48,130 : US : 30.40 848,996 897,435 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Yield and production refer to net weight. 2/ Revised. 3/ Price per ton of cane for sugar used in evaluating value of production for seed. 4/ Estimates are not available. U.S. marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in "Agricultural Prices" released July 31, 2008. State estimates will be published in "Crop Values" to be released February 2009. Maple Syrup: Taps, Yield, and Production by State and United States, 2006-2008 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Taps : Yield per Tap : Production State:-------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ 1,000 Taps ----- ----- Gallons ----- ---- 1,000 Gallons ---- : CT : 61 59 62 0.164 0.136 0.242 10 8 15 ME : 1,315 1,310 1,270 0.228 0.172 0.169 300 225 215 MA : 245 230 220 0.163 0.130 0.250 40 30 55 MI : 375 400 405 0.208 0.150 0.247 78 60 100 NH : 355 365 360 0.180 0.164 0.236 64 60 85 NY : 1,530 1,470 1,480 0.165 0.152 0.218 253 224 322 OH : 360 370 395 0.217 0.203 0.299 78 75 118 PA : 449 445 475 0.147 0.115 0.200 66 51 95 VT : 2,170 2,170 2,250 0.212 0.207 0.222 460 450 500 WI : 400 470 540 0.250 0.160 0.241 100 75 130 : US : 7,260 7,289 7,457 0.200 0.173 0.219 1,449 1,258 1,635 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2007 revised. Maple Syrup: Price and Value by State and United States, 2006-2008 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Average Price : Value of : per Gallon : Production State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- Dollars -------- ----- 1,000 Dollars ----- : CT : 58.20 53.90 582 431 ME : 24.30 30.10 7,290 6,773 MA : 47.90 46.10 1,916 1,383 MI : 37.00 41.60 2,886 2,496 NH : 43.90 46.80 2,810 2,808 NY : 31.70 33.50 8,020 7,504 OH : 34.00 39.00 2,652 2,925 PA : 32.50 31.60 2,145 1,612 VT : 30.20 29.10 13,892 13,095 WI : 31.20 35.70 3,120 2,678 : US : 31.30 33.20 45,313 41,705 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Price and value for 2008 will be published in "Crop Production" released June 2009. Maple Syrup: Season by State, 2006-2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Date Season : Date Season : Average Season : Opened 1/ : Closed 2/ : Length 3/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :-------------------- Date -------------------- ------ Days ------ : CT :Jan 15 Feb 5 Jan 6 Apr 14 Apr 24 Apr 28 36 29 40 ME :Jan 20 Feb 20 Feb 4 Apr 26 May 7 May 4 27 33 27 MA :Jan 25 Feb 20 Jan 24 Apr 30 May 2 Apr 19 28 30 32 MI : Jan 1 Feb 19 Mar 3 May 2 Apr 23 Apr 20 21 20 23 NH :Jan 30 Feb 15 Feb 5 Apr 29 Apr 24 Apr 26 26 32 31 NY :Jan 14 Jan 5 Jan 5 Apr 27 May 3 Apr 30 27 29 31 OH :Jan 15 Jan 31 Jan 9 Apr 18 Apr 20 Apr 16 28 20 30 PA : Jan 1 Jan 7 Jan 15 Apr 29 May 1 Apr 25 32 22 31 VT :Jan 15 Feb 15 Jan 22 Apr 30 Apr 30 May 4 29 31 32 WI :Feb 20 Feb 15 Feb 17 Apr 29 Apr 29 May 10 23 26 25 : US : 28 27 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Approximately the first day that sap was collected. 2/ Approximately the last day that sap was collected. 3/ The average number of days that sap was collected. Maple Syrup: Price by Type of Sales and Size of Container by State, 2006-2007 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type : Gallons : 1/2 Gallons : Quarts : Pints : 1/2 Pints and :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars : Retail : CT :44.00 40.80 25.30 24.80 14.60 14.70 9.10 8.30 5.60 5.10 ME :39.80 38.30 20.20 21.20 11.00 11.80 6.40 7.00 4.50 4.50 MA :38.10 39.50 21.90 23.00 13.30 14.30 9.30 8.90 6.20 6.40 MI :34.10 34.30 18.30 20.90 10.90 11.80 6.50 6.80 4.50 4.60 NH :37.70 40.30 21.20 22.10 12.20 13.30 7.50 8.00 4.90 5.00 NY :32.90 34.10 19.10 19.80 11.40 12.00 7.00 7.80 4.40 4.80 OH :31.50 33.60 19.00 19.40 11.10 12.00 6.70 7.35 4.50 4.65 PA :30.80 32.20 19.00 19.00 11.20 10.80 6.75 6.40 3.65 4.20 VT :34.40 35.40 20.80 20.20 13.00 12.50 8.20 8.20 5.20 5.30 WI :31.60 31.20 17.60 17.30 9.10 9.60 5.80 6.25 4.25 4.50 : Wholesale : CT :35.00 40.60 18.10 21.40 12.80 12.40 8.30 7.20 4.60 4.80 ME :31.30 32.80 15.90 18.70 8.60 10.40 4.90 6.10 3.10 4.00 MA :28.40 34.60 16.00 19.50 10.40 10.70 6.00 6.30 3.80 4.20 MI :26.60 29.50 17.30 17.10 9.10 10.20 5.30 6.00 3.10 4.00 NH :29.70 29.50 17.70 18.40 9.60 10.10 5.70 5.40 3.50 3.00 NY :27.70 30.60 16.30 17.60 8.70 10.60 5.40 5.95 3.60 3.70 OH :25.10 33.50 15.40 18.30 8.90 9.80 5.50 6.00 3.60 3.40 PA :29.00 21.30 16.70 16.80 8.95 9.00 5.20 5.60 3.50 3.30 VT :27.80 29.40 17.20 18.20 9.90 10.20 5.80 6.40 3.60 3.70 WI :32.50 31.10 16.40 18.50 8.85 9.80 5.05 5.80 3.30 3.50 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Bulk All Grades : Bulk All Grades : All Sales :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Pound Dollars per Gallon Equivalent per Gallon : Bulk : CT : 1.85 1.95 20.40 21.50 58.20 53.90 ME : 1.95 2.65 21.50 29.20 24.30 30.10 MA : 1.80 1.95 19.80 21.50 47.90 46.10 MI : 1.80 2.30 20.00 25.50 37.00 41.60 NH : 1.85 2.05 20.40 22.60 43.90 46.80 NY : 1.80 2.05 19.90 22.60 31.70 33.50 OH : 1.85 2.05 20.30 22.70 34.00 39.00 PA : 1.60 1.95 17.40 21.60 32.50 31.60 VT : 1.85 2.05 20.40 22.60 30.20 29.10 WI : 1.80 2.05 19.80 22.50 31.20 35.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices for 2008 will be published in "Crop Production" released June 2009. Maple Syrup: Percent of Sales by Type and State, 2006-2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Retail : Wholesale : Bulk State :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- -- Percent -- -- Percent -- : CT : 75 75 15 15 10 10 ME : 6 3 2 5 92 92 MA : 55 50 30 40 15 10 MI : 43 55 37 25 20 20 NH : 70 75 15 10 15 15 NY : 40 46 20 16 40 38 OH : 65 68 19 17 16 15 PA : 57 52 20 28 23 20 VT : 30 20 10 15 60 65 WI : 30 39 35 31 35 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sweet Potatoes: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by State and United States, 2006-2007 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Planted : Area Harvested State :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Acres : AL : 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 CA : 12.2 13.5 12.2 13.3 LA : 18.0 16.0 13.5 15.0 MS : 18.0 20.5 15.5 20.0 NJ : 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 NC : 40.0 44.0 39.0 43.0 SC : 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 TX : 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.8 VA : 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 : US : 95.2 100.6 86.8 97.5 :--------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2006 : 2007 :--------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- Cwt ------- ------ 1,000 Cwt ----- : AL : 160 120 368 288 CA : 305 320 3,721 4,256 LA : 165 200 2,228 3,000 MS : 160 175 2,480 3,500 NJ : 135 100 162 120 NC : 180 155 7,020 6,665 SC : 140 110 84 55 TX : 65 90 137 162 VA : 120 120 48 36 : US : 187 185 16,248 18,082 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 2007 revised. Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008 (Domestic Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Planted : Area Harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Acres : Grains & Hay : Barley : 4,020.0 4,147.0 3,508.0 Corn for Grain 2/ : 93,600.0 86,014.0 86,542.0 Corn for Silage : 6,071.0 Hay, All : 61,625.0 60,583.0 Alfalfa : 21,670.0 All Other : 39,955.0 Oats : 3,760.0 3,420.0 1,505.0 Proso Millet : 570.0 515.0 Rice : 2,761.0 2,770.0 2,748.0 Rye : 1,376.0 289.0 Sorghum for Grain 2/ : 7,718.0 7,415.0 6,805.0 Sorghum for Silage : 399.0 Wheat, All : 60,433.0 63,803.0 51,011.0 Winter : 44,987.0 46,840.0 35,952.0 40,162.0 Durum : 2,149.0 2,630.0 2,112.0 Other Spring : 13,297.0 14,333.0 12,947.0 : Oilseeds : Canola : 1,183.0 1,010.0 1,163.0 Cottonseed 3/ : Flaxseed : 354.0 360.0 349.0 Mustard Seed : 56.0 52.8 Peanuts : 1,230.0 1,430.0 1,195.0 Rapeseed : 1.5 1.0 Safflower : 180.0 172.0 Soybeans for Beans : 63,631.0 74,793.0 62,820.0 Sunflower : 2,068.0 2,153.0 2,009.5 : Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : Cotton, All : 10,827.2 9,389.6 10,489.1 Upland : 10,535.0 9,186.0 10,201.0 Amer-Pima : 292.2 203.6 288.1 Sugarbeets : 1,268.8 1,131.8 1,246.8 Sugarcane : 879.6 Tobacco : 356.0 350.9 : Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : Austrian Winter Peas : 29.0 25.5 11.0 Dry Edible Beans : 1,526.9 1,398.5 1,478.7 Dry Edible Peas : 847.5 820.0 811.3 Lentils : 303.0 277.0 295.0 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3/ : : Potatoes & Misc. : Coffee (HI) : 6.4 Ginger Root (HI) : 0.1 Hops : 30.9 38.1 Peppermint Oil : 73.3 Potatoes, All : 1,148.6 1,129.7 Winter : 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.0 Spring : 72.8 69.2 70.2 67.7 Summer : 53.7 51.3 Fall : 1,010.6 996.7 Spearmint Oil : 19.6 Sweet Potatoes : 100.6 103.8 97.5 Taro (HI) 4/ : 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year. 2/ Area planted for all purposes. 3/ Acreage is not estimated. 4/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008 (Domestic Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Yield : Production Crop :Units:------------------------------------------- : : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : ------- 1,000 ------ : : Grains & Hay : : Barley :Bu : 60.4 211,825 Corn for Grain :" : 151.1 13,073,893 Corn for Silage :Tons : 17.5 106,328 Hay, All :" : 2.44 150,304 Alfalfa :" : 3.35 72,575 All Other :" : 1.95 77,729 Oats :Bu : 60.9 91,599 Proso Millet :" : 32.3 16,615 Rice 2/ :Cwt : 7,185 197,456 Rye :Bu : 27.4 7,914 Sorghum for Grain :" : 74.2 504,993 Sorghum for Silage :Tons : 15.6 6,206 Wheat, All :Bu : 40.5 2,066,722 Winter :" : 42.2 45.3 1,515,989 1,817,364 Durum :" : 33.9 71,686 Other Spring :" : 37.0 479,047 : : Oilseeds : : Canola :Lbs : 1,250 1,453,830 Cottonseed 3/ :Tons : 6,588.7 Flaxseed :Bu : 16.9 5,904 Mustard Seed :Lbs : 603 31,826 Peanuts :" : 3,130 3,740,650 Rapeseed :" : 1,300 1,300 Safflower :" : 1,215 208,995 Soybeans for Beans :Bu : 41.2 2,585,207 Sunflower :Lbs : 1,437 2,888,555 : : Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : : Cotton, All 2/ :Bales: 879 19,206.9 Upland 2/ :" : 864 18,355.1 Amer-Pima 2/ :" : 1,419 851.8 Sugarbeets :Tons : 25.6 31,912 Sugarcane :" : 34.1 29,969 Tobacco :Lbs : 2,191 779,899 : : Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : : Austrian Winter Peas 2/ :Cwt : 1,155 127 Dry Edible Beans 2/ :" : 1,716 25,371 Dry Edible Peas 2/ :" : 1,960 15,903 Lentils 2/ :" : 1,155 3,408 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3/ :" : 541 : : Potatoes & Misc. : : Coffee (HI) :Lbs : 1,170 7,500 Ginger Root (HI) :" : 35,000 2,800 Hops :" : 1,949 60,253.1 Peppermint Oil :" : 93 6,794 Potatoes, All :Cwt : 397 448,407 Winter :" : 215 240 2,473 2,640 Spring :" : 282 289 19,820 19,573 Summer :" : 332 17,032 Fall :" : 410 409,082 Spearmint Oil :Lbs : 121 2,379 Sweet Potatoes :Cwt : 185 18,082 Taro (HI) 3/ :Lbs : 4,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year. 2/ Yield in pounds. 3/ Yield is not estimated. Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2006-2008 (Domestic Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Production Crop : Units :----------------------------------------- : : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1,000 : : Citrus 2/ : : Grapefruit :Tons : 1,232 1,627 1,556 Lemons :" : 980 798 703 Oranges 3/ :" : 9,021 7,626 10,128 Tangelos (FL) :" : 63 56 68 Tangerines :" : 417 361 467 Temples (FL) 3/ :" : 32 : : Noncitrus : : Apples :1,000 Lbs: 9,851.7 9,342.6 Apricots :Tons : 44.5 88.3 Bananas (HI) :Lbs : 20,000.0 19,700.0 Grapes :Tons : 6,377.2 6,729.7 Olives (CA) :" : 23.5 132.5 Papayas (HI) :Lbs : 28,700.0 33,400.0 Peaches :Tons : 1,010.1 1,112.7 Pears :" : 842.0 881.0 Prunes, Dried (CA) :" : 198.0 83.0 120.0 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) :" : 21.5 11.9 : : Nuts & Misc. : : Almonds (CA) (shelled) :Lbs : 1,120,000 1,380,000 1,460,000 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) :Tons : 43.0 36.0 Pecans (in-shell) :Lbs : 206,300 349,155 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) :Tons : 346.0 320.0 Maple Syrup :Gals : 1,449 1,258 1,635 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2007-08 season. 2/ Production years are 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08. 3/ Temples included in oranges beginning with the 2006-07 season. Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008 (Metric Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area Planted : Area Harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hectares : Grains & Hay : Barley : 1,626,850 1,678,250 1,419,650 Corn for Grain 2/ :37,878,980 34,809,010 35,022,680 Corn for Silage : 2,456,870 Hay, All 3/ : 24,939,020 24,517,330 Alfalfa : 8,769,630 All Other : 16,169,390 Oats : 1,521,630 1,384,040 609,060 Proso Millet : 230,670 208,420 Rice : 1,117,350 1,120,990 1,112,090 Rye : 556,850 116,960 Sorghum for Grain 2/ : 3,123,400 3,000,780 2,753,920 Sorghum for Silage : 161,470 Wheat, All 3/ :24,456,630 25,820,440 20,643,640 Winter :18,205,790 18,955,680 14,549,410 16,253,160 Durum : 869,680 1,064,330 854,710 Other Spring : 5,381,160 5,800,420 5,239,520 : Oilseeds : Canola : 478,750 408,740 470,650 Cottonseed 4/ : Flaxseed : 143,260 145,690 141,240 Mustard Seed : 22,660 21,370 Peanuts : 497,770 578,710 483,600 Rapeseed : 610 400 Safflower : 72,840 69,610 Soybeans for Beans :25,750,830 30,267,980 25,422,630 Sunflower : 836,900 871,300 813,220 : Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : Cotton, All 3/ : 4,381,660 3,799,880 4,244,830 Upland : 4,263,410 3,717,480 4,128,240 Amer-Pima : 118,250 82,390 116,590 Sugarbeets : 513,470 458,030 504,570 Sugarcane : 355,970 Tobacco : 144,070 142,010 : Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : Austrian Winter Peas : 11,740 10,320 4,450 Dry Edible Beans : 617,920 565,960 598,420 Dry Edible Peas : 342,970 331,850 328,320 Lentils : 122,620 112,100 119,380 Wrinkled Seed Peas 4/ : : Potatoes & Misc. : Coffee (HI) : 2,590 Ginger Root (HI) : 30 Hops : 12,510 15,440 Peppermint Oil : 29,660 Potatoes, All 3/ : 464,830 457,180 Winter : 4,650 4,450 4,650 4,450 Spring : 29,460 28,000 28,410 27,400 Summer : 21,730 20,760 Fall : 408,980 403,350 Spearmint Oil : 7,930 Sweet Potatoes : 40,710 42,010 39,460 Taro (HI) 5/ : 150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year. 2/ Area planted for all purposes. 3/ Total may not add due to rounding. 4/ Acreage is not estimated. 5/ Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008 (Metric Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2007 : 2008 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Metric Tons : Grains & Hay : Barley : 3.25 4,611,940 Corn for Grain : 9.48 332,092,180 Corn for Silage : 39.26 96,459,140 Hay, All 2/ : 5.47 136,353,500 Alfalfa : 7.51 65,838,930 All Other : 4.36 70,514,560 Oats : 2.18 1,329,560 Proso Millet : 1.81 376,820 Rice : 8.05 8,956,450 Rye : 1.72 201,020 Sorghum for Grain : 4.66 12,827,410 Sorghum for Silage : 34.87 5,629,990 Wheat, All 2/ : 2.72 56,246,960 Winter : 2.84 3.04 41,258,460 49,460,540 Durum : 2.28 1,950,970 Other Spring : 2.49 13,037,520 : Oilseeds : Canola : 1.40 659,450 Cottonseed 3/ : 5,977,170 Flaxseed : 1.06 149,970 Mustard Seed : 0.68 14,440 Peanuts : 3.51 1,696,730 Rapeseed : 1.46 590 Safflower : 1.36 94,800 Soybeans for Beans : 2.77 70,357,800 Sunflower : 1.61 1,310,230 : Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : Cotton, All 2/ : 0.99 4,181,810 Upland : 0.97 3,996,350 Amer-Pima : 1.59 185,460 Sugarbeets : 57.38 28,950,080 Sugarcane : 76.38 27,187,420 Tobacco : 2.46 353,760 : Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : Austrian Winter Peas : 1.29 5,760 Dry Edible Beans : 1.92 1,150,810 Dry Edible Peas : 2.20 721,350 Lentils : 1.29 154,580 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3/ : 24,540 : Potatoes & Misc. : Coffee (HI) : 1.31 3,400 Ginger Root (HI) : 39.23 1,270 Hops : 2.18 27,330 Peppermint Oil : 0.10 3,080 Potatoes, All 2/ : 44.49 20,339,400 Winter : 24.10 26.90 112,170 119,750 Spring : 31.65 32.40 899,020 887,820 Summer : 37.21 772,560 Fall : 46.00 18,555,650 Spearmint Oil : 0.14 1,080 Sweet Potatoes : 20.79 820,190 Taro (HI) 3/ : 1,810 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year. 2/ Production may not add due to rounding. 3/ Yield is not estimated. Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2006-2008 (Metric Units) 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :-------------------------------------------------- : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Metric tons : Citrus 2/ : Grapefruit : 1,117,650 1,475,990 1,411,580 Lemons : 889,040 723,930 637,750 Oranges 3/ : 8,183,710 6,918,190 9,187,970 Tangelos (FL) : 57,150 50,800 61,690 Tangerines : 378,300 327,490 423,660 Temples (FL) 3/ : 29,030 : Noncitrus : Apples : 4,468,660 4,237,730 Apricots : 40,350 80,070 Bananas (HI) : 9,070 8,940 Grapes : 5,785,250 6,105,080 Olives (CA) : 21,320 120,200 Papayas (HI) : 13,020 15,150 Peaches : 916,370 1,009,460 Pears : 763,880 799,180 Prunes, Dried (CA) : 179,620 75,300 108,860 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) : 19,500 10,800 : Nuts & Misc. : Almonds (CA) (shelled) : 508,020 625,960 662,240 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) : 39,010 32,660 Pecans (in-shell) : 93,580 158,370 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) : 313,890 290,300 Maple Syrup : 7,240 6,290 8,170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2007-08 season. 2/ Production years are 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08. 3/ Temples included in oranges beginning with the 2006-07 season. May Weather Summary Midwestern downpours continued to delay corn and soybean planting, while persistently cool weather slowed crop emergence and development. Similarly cool conditions existed across the northern half of the Plains, although rainfall eased drought in the High Plains region. Wet weather also affected eastern portions of the central and southern Plains, while drought continued to adversely affect filling winter wheat from eastern Colorado and western Kansas southward. On the southern Plains, late-month heat promoted winter wheat maturation. Across the Southeast, spotty rains maintained generally favorable conditions for pastures and summer crops, despite underlying long- term drought. By month's end, however, drier weather and increasing Southeastern heat boosted irrigation demands and increased stress on rain-fed crops. Elsewhere, rapidly fluctuating conditions affected the West, where unusually heavy precipitation followed a mid-month heat wave. Western water- supply prospects for the spring and summer runoff season remained mostly favorable, except in California and the Great Basin. Monthly temperatures averaged 2 to 6 degrees F below normal across the nation's northern tier from the northern Plains into the Northeast. Readings averaged 2 to 4 degrees F below normal in the Southwest, but were 2 to 4 degrees F above normal in the south-central U.S., including much of Texas. Elsewhere, near-normal temperatures prevailed in the Southeast, while the mid-May heat wave boosted monthly readings slightly above normal in the Pacific Northwest. May Agricultural Summary The Corn Belt experienced varied, mostly below normal temperatures during the month. Corn planting delays continued nationwide as cooler temperatures and wet conditions prevailed in early May. By May 4, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri producers faced between 46 and 53 point planting delays when compared with normal. By month's end, all States were within 7 points of the normal pace, either ahead of or behind, except for a 16 point lag in Missouri. Nationally, ninety-five percent of the crop was planted by June 1, three points behind the 5-year average. The late arrival of warm temperatures and delayed plantings kept emergence behind normal. As the month began, emergence was only 4 percent, compared with 12 percent last year and 17 percent for the 5-year average. By month's end, 74 percent of the crop had emerged, 18 points behind last year and 15 points behind the 5-year average. Sorghum planting was well underway by the end of the first week of May in the Delta and in Texas, as temperatures remained mostly above average. As weeks passed, planting gained momentum in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Throughout the month, planting progress in Louisiana, New Mexico, and Texas remained ahead of the usual pace, while lagging elsewhere. By month's end, 54 percent of the crop was planted, 2 points behind last year and 6 points behind the normal pace. Planting was furthest behind in Illinois and Missouri, trailing the 5-year average by 46 and 37 points, respectively. The month began with significant oat planting delays in multiple States. In the Upper Mississippi Valley and Wisconsin, cool, wet weather kept progress 45 to 54 points behind normal on May 4. By the second week of May, only Wisconsin had less than half of their oats planted. Elsewhere, producers were catching up to the usual pace and were within 24 points of normal. During the week ending May 18, major planting efforts were evident in Wisconsin as progress advanced 34 percentage points. Seeding was complete in Ohio and nearly complete in Nebraska and Pennsylvania. By May 25, planting was 98 percent complete nationwide. Due to late planting, oat emergence was delayed in all States, most significantly in the Upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes regions. As the month progressed, emergence remained behind normal, except in Texas where the oat season begins much earlier than in other States. By June 1, the emergence caught up with and exceeded normal in North Dakota and Pennsylvania. Heading reached 30 percent by month's end, 2 points behind last year and slightly behind average. More than half of the barley crop was planted by May 4, seven and 5 points behind last year and the 5-year average, respectively. Temperatures during the month averaged 2 to 4 degrees above normal in Washington, but dropped below normal eastward to Minnesota. With the exception of North Dakota, all States faced planting delays. By May 18, planting caught up to last year's pace, and was 6 points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was nearly complete in Washington, and 92 percent complete, overall. By May 25, with 97 percent planted, progress was at last year's pace and 4 points ahead of the 5-year average. Barley emergence had begun in early May in all States except Minnesota. By the second week of May, emergence was evident on 26 percent of the acreage, 19 and 13 points behind last year and the 5-year average, respectively. By May 18, half of the barley crop had emerged. Progress was still behind average in all States, especially in Minnesota, where cooler than normal temperatures and late planting kept emergence 48 points behind last year and 33 points behind the 5-year average. By June 1, ninety-one percent of the acreage had emerged, 2 points behind last year but 2 points ahead of normal. Winter wheat acreage reached the heading stage for more than one-fourth of the crop by early May and progressed 10 to 15 points during each week of the month. By month's end, three-fourths of the acreage was at or beyond the heading stage, 9 points behind average. Developmental delays existed in most of the winter wheat States. In Nebraska, heading was 39 points behind the 5-year average pace. Montana's wheat crop faced major delays with none of the acres heading by month's end. South Dakota's crop was also delayed with only 4 percent of the acreage at or beyond the heading stage, 53 and 37 points behind last year and normal, respectively. The spring wheat crop was 58 percent planted by May 4, the same as last year but 4 points behind the 5-year average. Progress in Minnesota had reached only 19 percent, 42 points behind last year and 45 points behind normal. By May 18, ninety-four percent of the crop was planted nationally, 2 and 6 points ahead of last year and normal, respectively. Emergence of spring wheat had occurred on 11 percent of the acreage by May 4, six and 14 points behind last year and normal. Due mostly to planting delays, emergence was behind in nearly all States when compared with last year, and in all States when compared with the 5-year average pace. By May 18, fifty-four percent of the crop had emerged, 18 and 8 points behind last year and normal. Emergence was at least 50 percent complete in all States except Minnesota, which trailed the average pace by 24 points due to the late planting. By month's end, however, 93 percent of the crop had emerged, 3 points ahead of normal. Rice growers seeded nearly half of their acreage prior to the start of May. As the month began, Louisiana and Texas producers had seeded 91 percent or more of their acres. Nationally, the crop was 61 percent planted, 11 points behind last year and 10 points behind normal. Notable delays were evident in Arkansas and Missouri, where planting was 28 and 30 points behind the 5-year average, respectively. However, as the month progressed, producers were planting at a pace closer to normal, and by May 25, planting was nearly complete. By the end of the first week in May, 31 percent of the rice acreage had emerged, which was behind normal. Arkansas and Missouri rice emergence was 34 or more points behind normal on May 4. As of May 18, nearly all of the acreage in Louisiana and Texas had emerged, ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, by June 1, emergence had surpassed the normal pace by 2 points. Ninety-one percent of the crop had emerged, 3 points behind last year's pace. With only 5 percent of the soybean crop planted by May 4, progress was 9 points behind the 5-year average pace. Planting was in full swing in the Delta, and had begun in all States except Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, where planting was delayed by continued cool, wet weather. By May 18, twenty-seven percent of the soybean intended acreage had been planted, 25 and 20 points behind last year and the 5-year average, respectively. The eastern Corn Belt saw the most significant delays due to cooler than normal temperatures. Illinois and Ohio planting progress was 38 and 41 points behind normal, respectively. Planting progress advanced 25 percentage points during the week ending May 25. However, planting remained 15 points behind the 5-year average. By month's end, progress was still behind normal in most States. As of June 1, producers had planted 69 percent of the intended soybean acreage, 12 points behind the 5-year average. Emergence was 12 percent complete by May 25, twenty-eight points behind last year and 22 points behind the 5-year average. As a result of late planting, delays were evident in every State, ranging from slightly behind in North Dakota to 39 points behind in Illinois. Peanut producers planted 10 percent of the crop by May 4, three points ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Planting had begun in all States except Virginia. Progress was at or ahead of the normal planting pace in all States except South Carolina and Virginia. However, as the weeks passed, delays became evident in Alabama and North Carolina, as well. As of June 1, with 86 percent planted, progress was at the 5-year average pace and 11 points ahead of last year. Delays remained in Alabama and North Carolina at month's end, while Virginia planting was nearly complete. Just over a quarter of the intended cotton acreage was seeded by May 4, two and 6 points behind when compared with last year and the 5-year average. Planting was underway in all States except Kansas. Producers faced delays in all States, except California. Despite planting 23 percent of intended acreage between May 5 and 18, progress was still behind normal. By May 18, cotton growers in all States were planting their crop and nearly half of the intended acreage was seeded, 6 and 10 points behind last year and normal, respectively. By May 25, planting progress had surpassed last year's pace by 2 points but still lagged the 5-year average by 2 points. Planting was nearly complete by this time in California, Missouri, and Virginia, and was within 17 points of the 5-year average in all cotton-producing States. Fifty-four percent of intended sugarbeet acreage was planted by May 4, compared with 77 percent last year and 81 percent on average. Major sugarbeet producing States, Minnesota and North Dakota, were 43 and 33 points behind, respectively. The planting pace moved closer to normal by May 18, when nearly all of the intended acreage was planted. Crop Comments Winter Wheat: Production is forecast at 1.82 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast and up 20 percent from 2007. Based on June 1 conditions, the U.S. yield is forecast at 45.3 bushels per acre, up 1.0 bushel from the previous forecast and up 3.1 bushels from last year. Grain area totals 40.2 million acres, unchanged from last month. As of June 1, heading had reached 75 percent in the 18 major States, 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Progress was behind normal due primarily to below normal temperatures throughout the growing season. Harvest was underway in the southern-most portions of the growing area. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the 6 Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are below last year's level in Colorado, Montana, Oklahoma, and Texas but above in Kansas and Nebraska. Condition ratings declined during May in Colorado and Nebraska while the other States showed improved conditions. Harvest was just getting started in Oklahoma and Texas. A lack of moisture during May reduced yield potential in Colorado. Oklahoma benefitted from a cooler than normal spring with adequate rainfall. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the 3 Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) are above last year's level. Condition ratings declined in Illinois, increased in Ohio, and remained constant in Missouri during May. In Missouri, yield potential improved despite excessive moisture in some areas of the State during May. Wet conditions in Ohio during early May slowed crop development, however more recent warmer weather has allowed winter wheat conditions to improve. In the Pacific Northwest States (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington), yields are unchanged from last month in Washington and Oregon but up 1 bushel in Idaho. Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. Condition ratings declined in Washington but improved in Oregon and Idaho during May. Crop progress was behind normal for all three States at the end of May. Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 31.6 million bushels, up 8 percent from May 1 and 110 percent above their 2007 total of 15.0 million bushels. Durum wheat in California is progressing normally, with no quality or disease problems. The harvest in Arizona, as of June 1, is slightly ahead of the 5 year average. Peaches: The 2008 peach crop in California, Georgia, and South Carolina is forecast at 910,000 tons, down 5 percent from 2007 but 12 percent above two years ago. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 380,000 tons, down 5 percent from the May 1 forecast and 24 percent below 2007. California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, thus benefitting the crop. Weather during the bloom period was also favorable. However, unusually cold temperatures on April 19 and 20 resulted in significant frost damage. The largest impact of the frost damage was in the northern growing areas, with some growers reporting 100 percent damage. There were also a large number of growers that reported losses in the Modesto area. However, fruit in the southern growing areas were not affected. Harvest will be slightly later this year due to the cooler temperatures. The California Freestone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, equal to the May 1 forecast and the 2007 crop. Weather during the bloom period was favorable, although cooler spring temperatures slowed maturity slightly. Crop quality was reported to be excellent, with good sizes. Harvest continued and Spring Snow, Spring Flame, Crimson Lady, and Crown Princess were the major varieties picked. The South Carolina crop is forecast at 65,000 tons, up more than five times from last year's frost damaged crop. A hail storm during the morning of May 11 passed through the "Ridge" production area and caused some crop damage. Early variety peach harvest was in full swing. Georgia=s peach crop is forecast at 35,000 tons, up 169 percent from last year=s crop but 15 percent below 2006. Several days of freezing temperatures and frost during the first half of April damaged the State's peach crop. Losses were highly variable by variety and orchard location, with losses occurring across most areas of the State. Several producers, however, escaped freeze damage and were still expecting near normal production. Harvest of the earliest varieties began in mid-May. Bartlett Pears: Production of Bartlett Pears in California, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 382,000 tons, down 12 percent from last year and 11 percent below 2006. Production in California is forecast at 175,000 tons, down 13 percent from last season and 12 percent below 2 years ago. Freezing temperatures in April negatively impacted the crop in the Mendocino County area. Growers reported that it was the worst freeze in nearly a half century. The Sacramento River district was not impacted as much by the freeze and was expected to produce a normal crop. Washington's Bartlett crop is forecast at 150,000 tons, down 13 percent from 2007 and 9 percent below 2 years ago. Producers reported frost damage and unfavorable conditions during the pollination period. Temperatures during April, particularly during the period of April 18-22, dropped into the upper teens and low twenties in some areas. Areas to the north and south of Yakima experienced some of the lowest temperatures. Oregon growers expect to harvest 57,000 tons, down 8 percent from last year and 10 percent below the 2006 Bartlett crop. A cold, wet spring has reduced production expectations. Sweet Cherries: The combined 2008 sweet cherry production for California, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 221,000 tons, down 24 percent from 2007 and 17 percent below 2006. Washington's production is forecast at 100,000 tons, down 41 percent from the previous year. A mid-April frost and poor pollination during bloom impacted a large portion of the crop, especially the earlier varieties. Oregon fared somewhat better, where production is forecast at 35,000 tons, unchanged from 2007. The frost affected some growers in Wasco and Hood River Counties, however, the loss was partially offset by new bearing acres this year. Growers in the Willamet Valley region expect a smaller crop. California production is forecast at 86,000 tons, up 1 percent from 2007. Temperate weather, along with reports of good fruit size, led to the increase in expected production. Prunes (Dried Plums): California's 2008 prune production forecast is 120,000 dried tons, up 45 percent from last year's below normal crop of 83,000 tons but 39 percent below the 2006 crop. The 2008 prune crop was hit by a mid-April frost, with some growers reportedly losing 25 to 100 percent of their crop. Poor pollination during the blooming season was also reported by growers. Farmers were still evaluating the extent of the damage. Apricots: California's 2008 production forecast is 87,000 tons, up 7 percent from the 2007 crop and 123 percent more than 2006. Optimal weather during blooming created hopes of a record yield. While frost damage was reported by some growers in late April, cool weather in May promoted good size and quality. However, the expected large crop is raising concerns among growers about marketing their fruit. Florida Citrus: Temperatures throughout the month followed seasonal patterns, reaching the lower to mid 90's most days with some days later in the month reaching the high 90's. Rainfall was not adequate to maintain tree vigor and irrigation was used extensively where available. Some trees started to show slight afternoon wilt during the heat of the day with non- irrigated trees showing heavy stress. New fruit for next season ranged up to golf ball size on oranges and baseball size on grapefruit, typical for this time of year. Orchard activities included spraying, mowing, hedging and topping, brush removal, and resetting. Many growers were still pushing trees with greening. By the end of May, harvest of Valencia oranges was nearly complete. The clear weather allowed crews early in the month to harvest more then six million boxes weekly, but by the end of the month hotter days slowed harvest. Grapefruit harvest was heavy until the end of the month and Honey tangerine harvest was nearly complete. California Citrus: Citrus bloom was winding down and fruit set had begun. In some seedless mandarin orchards, netting was applied to keep bees from cross pollinating trees. New citrus plantings were underway. Irrigation was increased in citrus groves to reduce stress and increase fruit set. Tangelos, grapefruit, lemons, and navel and Valencia oranges were harvested. Mandarin and navel harvest was slowing down and field juicing of navels not suitable for the fresh market increased. Pink grapefruit were going to juicers in Imperial County. Valencia harvest picked up and Minneola harvest in Tulare County was complete. California Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts: Grapes continued to leaf out and growers took measures to control suckers. Vineyards were treated with bloom sprays. Growers irrigated, thinned leaves, and treated for weeds, diseases, and insects. Dry conditions necessitated an increase in irrigation in fruit orchards. Fruit thinning was still underway in some orchards and strong winds near the end of the month concerned fruit growers. Stone fruit harvest began by the end of May for the following: Poppy, Red Velvet, Earlicot, Tasty Rich, Tom Cat, Castlebrite, Robada, and Apache apricots; Golden Sweet and Honey Gold apriums; Super Rich, April Snow, Super Lady, Snow Angel, Spring Flame, Spring Snow, Spring Treat, Island Prince, Earlitreat, May Sweet, Sweet Sun, Queencrest, Early Saturn, and May Saturn peaches; Red Beaut plums; Brooks, Rainier, and Tulare cherries; Spring Flavor, Flavorosa, and Sugar Rosa pluots; Flavorella plumcots; and Polar Ice, Crimson Baby, May Pearl, Earli Glo, April Fire, Sunny Gun, Zee Fire, Red Roy, Ruby Fire, and Honey May nectarines. Pomegranate trees and kiwi vines were blooming. Blueberry and boysenberry harvests began and strawberry harvest continued. Blueberry growers covered their plants with netting to prevent loss to birds. Olives were still blooming and fruit were setting in many groves. Nut groves were irrigated due to dry soils and high spring temperatures. In some areas, almond branches were sagging due to the heavy weight of the crop. Growers closely watched their groves for pests and some initiated insect control measures. Strong winds broke branches and toppled trees in some almond groves. Blight and scale treatments took place in walnut groves and codling moth spraying continued. Damage that occurred due to freezing temperatures in April was still being assessed. Some walnut groves were also negatively affected by the winds. Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2007-08 U.S. grapefruit crop is 1.56 million tons, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast but 4 percent lower than the previous season. Florida's grapefruit production is forecast at 26.5 million boxes (1.13 million tons), up 1 percent from the May forecast but 3 percent below last season. The all white grapefruit forecast is 9.00 million boxes (383,000 tons), unchanged from May's forecast but 3 percent below last season's final utilization. Florida's colored grapefruit forecast, at 17.5 million boxes (744,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the May forecast but 2 percent below the 2006-07 final utilization. Arizona, California, and Texas forecasts are carried forward from May. Tangerines: The U.S. tangerine crop is forecast at 467,000 tons, up 2 percent from the May forecast and 29 percent higher than the final utilization in 2006-07. Florida's tangerine crop is forecast at 5.50 million boxes (261,000 tons), an increase of 4 percent from May's forecast and 20 percent higher than the 2006-07 utilization of 4.60 million boxes. The later maturing Honey tangerine forecast increased from 2.70 million boxes to 2.90 million boxes, which equals the record crop of 2003-04. Arizona and California forecasts are carried forward from May. Tangelos: Florida's tangelo forecast is 1.50 million boxes (68,000 tons), unchanged from the May 1 forecast but 20 percent above the 2006-07 final utilized production. Nearly all fruit picked were processed and the final week of utilization was the first week in April. Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 2.62 million pounds for April 2008, up 4 percent from March and 7 percent higher than the comparable month a year ago. Total area in crop for April is estimated at 2,015 acres, down slightly from March and 4 percent lower than April 2007. Harvested area totaled 1,420 acres, relatively unchanged from the previous month but 13 percent higher than April 2007. Warm, sunny weather was beneficial for crop development and maintenance in April. Preparations for summer planting were underway. Hops: Area strung for harvest in 2008 for Washington, Oregon, and Idaho is forecast at 38,145 acres, 23 percent above the 2007 crop of 30,911 acres and 30 percent above 2006. Washington, with 28,468 acres for harvest, accounts for 75 percent of the U.S. total acreage, 5,723 acres more than a year ago. Oregon hop growers plan to string 5,792 acres, or 15 percent of the U.S. total for 2008, with Idaho hop growers accounting for the remaining 10 percent, or 3,885 acres strung for harvest. Washington, Oregon, and Idaho increased their acreage from a year ago, 25 percent, 10 percent, and 34 percent, respectively. Hop growth was a few weeks behind normal due to cold, wet conditions. Much of the established hops were halfway to the wire, but babies, in many cases, were well behind. Growers reported no concerns with water supplies this season. Sugarbeets: Production for the 2007 crop year, at 31.9 million tons, is the same as the January end-of-season estimate but 6 percent less than 2006. Area harvested totaled 1.25 million acres, virtually unchanged from the January estimate but 4 percent below the previous year. The yield, at 25.6 tons per acre, is the same as January but down 0.5 ton from the 2006 record high yield. Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed for the 2007 crop year is revised to 30.0 million tons, down 3 percent from the March 1 estimate but up 1 percent from 2006. Area harvested for sugar and seed during the 2007 crop year totaled 879,600 acres, down fractionally from the March estimate and down 2 percent from 2006. This is the lowest area harvested for sugar and seed since 1990. Yield is estimated at 34.1 tons per acre, 0.8 ton below the March estimate but 1.2 tons above the 2006 crop. Total production of cane for sugar and seed decreased from the previous year in all States, except Louisiana. Area harvested for sugar decreased 18,700 acres but area harvested for seed was up 600 acres from 2006. Yield per acre of sugarcane for sugar increased 1.2 tons per acre from the previous year, resulting in an overall increase of 1 percent in sugarcane for sugar production from 2006. Sugarcane for seed yield increased 1.4 tons per acre from the previous year. The increase in harvested area and yield resulted in a 6 percent increase in sugarcane for seed production from 2006. Sweet Potatoes: Production for the 2007 crop year is revised to 18.1 million cwt, down 2 percent from the January Crop Production 2007 Summary but up 11 percent from 2006. Area harvested, at 97,500 acres, is unchanged from January but up 12 percent from 2006. The average yield is 185 cwt per acre, down 4 cwt from the January estimate and 2 cwt below 2006. This yield is the second highest on record. North Carolina sweet potato production, at 6.67 million cwt, is down 6 percent from January due to a 10 cwt per acre decrease in yield. South Carolina production decreased 21 percent from January, also due to a decrease in yield. Louisiana sweet potato production increased 3 percent due to an increase in yield from January. Maple Syrup: The 2008 U.S. maple syrup production totaled 1.64 million gallons, up 30 percent from 2007. The number of taps is estimated at 7.46 million, up 2 percent from the 2007 total of 7.29 million. Yield per tap is estimated to be 0.219 gallons, up 27 percent from the previous season. Vermont led all States in production with 500,000 gallons, an increase of 11 percent from 2007. Production in New York, at 322,000 gallons, increased 44 percent from last season. Production in Maine, at 215,000 gallons, is 4 percent below 2007. Production in Ohio, at 118,000 gallons, is up 57 percent from last year. This is the highest production on record since 1959 when production was estimated at 127,000 gallons. In Michigan, production is estimated to be 100,000 gallons, the highest on record since 1964 and 67 percent above 2007. Production in Pennsylvania, at 95,000 gallons, is 86 percent above 2007. This is tied with 1992 as the highest on record since 1975 when 97,000 gallons were produced. Production in Massachusetts, at 55,000 gallons, is up 83 percent from a year ago. This is the highest production on record since 1944. In Connecticut, production is estimated to be 15,000 gallons, the highest on record since estimates began in 1992. Production also increased in New Hampshire and Wisconsin. Yields increased in all States except Maine, contributing to the increase in production. Temperatures were reported to be mostly favorable for sap flow in 2008 except in Maine and Vermont. Producers in Maine reported temperatures that were mostly too warm for sap flow while producers in Vermont reported temperatures that were mostly too cool. On average, the season lasted 30 days compared with 27 days last year. The longest season was reported in Connecticut at 40 days. The earliest sap flow reported was January 5 in New York. The latest sap flow reported was May 10 in Wisconsin. Sugar content of the sap for 2008 was up from the previous year. On average, approximately 39 gallons of sap were required to produce one gallon of syrup. This compares with 45 gallons in 2007 and 44 gallons in 2006. The majority of the syrup produced in each State this year was light to medium in color. The 2007 U.S. average price per gallon was $33.20, up $1.90 from the 2006 price of $31.30. The U.S. value of production, at $41.7 million for 2007, was down 8 percent from 2006. Value of production decreased in all States except Ohio. Reliability of June 1 Crop Production Forecast Wheat Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 22 and June 5 to gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 69 percent of the 2007 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet and personal interviewers. Approximately 7,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange Survey Procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the June 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the U.S. production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the previous components and are used to develop the current forecast of production. Arizona, California, and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts. Orange Estimating Procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for Arizona, California, and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.2 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.0 percent. Differences between the June 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 73 million bushels, ranging from 8 million to 242 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent. Changes between the June 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 122,000 tons, ranging from 5,000 tons to 368,000 tons. The June 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. The difference does not imply that the June 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. Jeff Geuder, Chief................................................(202) 720-2127 Field Crops Section Greg Thessen, Head................................(202) 720-2127 Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings...........(202) 720-5944 Todd Ballard - Wheat, Rye.........................(202) 720-8068 Ty Kalaus - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed..........(202) 720-9526 Anthony Prillaman - Peanuts, Rice.................(202) 720-7688 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds...................(202) 720-7369 Don Gephart - Hay, Oats, Sorghum..................(202) 690-3234 Dawn Keen - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops.....(202) 720-7621 Fruits, Vegetables & Special Crops Section Lance Honig, Head.................................(202) 720-2127 Leslie Colburn - Berries, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Tobacco.............(202) 720-7235 Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries.............(202) 720-2157 Faye Propsom - Citrus, Tropical Fruits............(202) 720-4285 Doug Marousek - Floriculture, Nursery, Tree Nuts..(202) 720-4215 Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas...................(202) 720-3250 Mike Jacobsen - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Cranberries, Plums, Prunes.....................(202) 720-4288 Kim Ritchie - Hops................................(360) 902-1940 Faye Propsom - Dry Beans, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes.....................(202) 720-4285 ACCESS TO REPORTS!! 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