Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released April 9, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). All Orange Production Up 1 Percent from March The United States all orange forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 8.20 million tons, up 1 percent from the March 1 forecast but down 10 percent from the revised 2008-2009 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 132 million boxes (5.92 million tons), is up slightly from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from last season's revised final utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 68.6 million boxes (3.09 million tons), up 1 percent from March 1 but 19 percent lower than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 63.0 million boxes (2.84 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from the revised 2008-2009 estimate. The row count survey conducted in late March and declines in weekly utilization indicated harvest for early, midseason, and navel oranges was near completion. Objective survey measurements showed that the Valencia drop rate is average, while fruit size is measuring below average. The California all orange forecast is 59.0 million boxes (2.21 million tons), up 4 percent from the previous forecast and up 27 percent from last season's revised final utilization. The California navel orange forecast is 42.0 million boxes (1.58 million tons), up 5 percent from the March 1 forecast and up 22 percent from last season. The California Valencia orange forecast is 17.0 million boxes (638,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 42 percent from last season's revised final utilization. Harvest of navel oranges continued during March, while Valencia orange harvest got underway. The Texas orange forecast, at 1.60 million boxes (68,000 tons), is up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 10 percent from last season's final utilization. Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 1.56 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, up 2 percent from the March 1 forecast but down 6 percent from last season's final yield of 1.66 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 6 percent from last season's record yield of 1.60 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.65 gallons per box, 6 percent lower than last year's final yield of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationship this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. This report was approved on April 9, 2010. Acting Secretary of Agriculture James W. Miller Agricultural Statistics Board Acting Chairperson Joseph J. Prusacki Contents Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010..................................................................... 4 Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010...................................... 5 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units).................. 6 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)........................ 7 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units).................... 8 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units).......................... 9 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units)........................... 10 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units)............................. 11 Percent of Normal Precipitation Map.............................................................. 12 Departure of Average Temperature from Normal Map................................................. 12 March Weather Summary............................................................................ 13 March Agricultural Summary....................................................................... 13 Crop Comments.................................................................................... 14 Statistical Methodology.......................................................................... 16 Information Contacts............................................................................. 17 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ : Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2007-2008 : 2008-2009 : 2009-2010 : 2007-2008 : 2008-2009 : 2009-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 boxes ------------ ------------ 1,000 tons ----------- Oranges : Early, mid, and navel 2/ : Arizona 3/ .............: 230 150 (NA) 9 5 (NA) California .............: 45,000 34,500 42,000 1,688 1,294 1,575 Florida ................: 83,500 84,600 68,600 3,758 3,807 3,087 Texas ..................: 1,600 1,300 1,350 68 55 57 United States ..........: 130,330 120,550 111,950 5,523 5,161 4,719 Valencia : Arizona 3/ .............: 150 100 (NA) 6 4 (NA) California .............: 17,000 *12,000 17,000 637 *450 638 Florida ................: 86,700 *77,900 63,000 3,901 *3,506 2,835 Texas ..................: 196 159 250 9 7 11 United States ..........: 104,046 *90,159 80,250 4,553 *3,967 3,484 All : Arizona 3/ .............: 380 250 (NA) 15 9 (NA) California .............: 62,000 *46,500 59,000 2,325 *1,744 2,213 Florida ................: 170,200 *162,500 131,600 7,659 *7,313 5,922 Texas ..................: 1,796 1,459 1,600 77 62 68 United States ..........: 234,376 *210,709 192,200 10,076 *9,128 8,203 : Grapefruit : White : Florida ................: 9,000 6,600 5,500 383 280 234 Colored : Florida ................: 17,600 15,100 13,500 748 642 574 All : Arizona 3/ .............: 100 25 (NA) 3 1 (NA) California .............: 5,200 *4,800 4,200 174 *161 141 Florida ................: 26,600 21,700 19,000 1,131 922 808 Texas ..................: 6,000 5,500 5,500 240 220 220 United States ..........: 37,900 *32,025 28,700 1,548 *1,304 1,169 : Tangerines and mandarins : Arizona 4/ ...............: 400 250 450 15 9 17 California 4/ ............: 6,700 6,700 9,100 251 251 341 Florida ..................: 5,500 3,850 4,100 261 183 195 United States ............: 12,600 10,800 13,650 527 443 553 : Lemons : Arizona ..................: 1,500 3,000 2,500 57 114 95 California ...............: 14,800 *21,000 20,000 562 *798 760 United States ............: 16,300 *24,000 22,500 619 *912 855 : Tangelos : Florida ..................: 1,500 1,150 900 68 52 41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in Arizona and California-75, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in Arizona and California-67, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-75, Florida-95. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in Arizona and California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida. 3/ Estimates discontinued beginning with the 2009-2010 crop year. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted April 1, 2010 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area : : :-----------------------------------: Yield : Production Seasonal group: Planted : Harvested : : and State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 acres ---------- ---- cwt ---- ------- 1,000 cwt ------ : Winter : California 1/ : 9.0 (NA) 8.7 (NA) 245 (NA) 2,530 2,132 (NA) : Spring : Arizona ......: 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7 280 280 1,050 1,120 1,036 California 1/ : 17.8 31.0 17.5 31.0 410 380 6,930 7,175 11,780 Florida ......: 32.6 32.4 28.9 31.0 266 244 7,952 7,700 7,550 Hastings ...: 20.0 20.2 16.5 19.0 260 230 4,845 4,290 4,370 Other Florid: 12.6 12.2 12.4 12.0 275 265 3,107 3,410 3,180 North Carolina: 16.0 16.0 15.0 15.5 225 210 2,520 3,375 3,255 Texas ........: 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.4 235 235 1,680 1,951 1,974 : United States : 79.2 91.9 73.7 89.6 289 286 20,132 21,321 25,595 : Summer : Alabama 2/ ...: (NA) (NA) (NA) 204 (NA) California 1/ : *3.4 *3.4 *405 1,296 *1,377 Colorado .....: 4.0 3.9 400 1,628 1,560 Delaware .....: 1.7 1.6 300 425 480 Illinois .....: 5.4 5.2 385 2,094 2,002 Kansas .......: 5.0 4.8 *360 1,536 *1,728 Maryland .....: 2.4 2.3 320 750 736 Missouri .....: 7.3 7.1 *275 1,235 *1,953 New Jersey ...: *2.1 *2.1 *260 460 *546 Texas ........: 5.9 5.4 460 2,923 2,484 Virginia .....: 7.0 6.9 240 1,254 1,656 : United States : *44.2 *42.7 *340 13,805 *14,522 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. 1/ Beginning in 2010, winter and summer estimates included in spring total for California. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 3,567.0 3,273.0 3,113.0 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 86,482.0 88,798.0 79,620.0 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 5,605.0 Hay, all .......................: (NA) (NA) 59,755.0 60,460.0 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 21,227.0 All other ....................: (NA) 38,528.0 Oats ...........................: 3,404.0 3,364.0 1,379.0 Proso millet ...................: 350.0 293.0 Rice ...........................: 3,135.0 3,411.0 3,103.0 Rye ............................: 1,241.0 252.0 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 6,633.0 6,360.0 5,520.0 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 254.0 Wheat, all .....................: 59,133.0 53,827.0 49,868.0 Winter .......................: 43,311.0 37,698.0 34,485.0 Durum ........................: 2,554.0 2,223.0 2,428.0 Other spring .................: 13,268.0 13,906.0 12,955.0 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 827.0 1,228.1 814.0 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 317.0 420.0 314.0 Mustard seed ...................: 51.5 49.8 Peanuts ........................: 1,116.0 1,201.0 1,081.0 Rapeseed .......................: 1.0 0.9 Safflower ......................: 175.0 165.5 Soybeans for beans .............: 77,451.0 78,098.0 76,372.0 Sunflower ......................: 2,030.0 2,181.0 1,953.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all ....................: 9,149.2 10,505.0 7,690.5 Upland .......................: 9,007.5 10,315.0 7,552.0 American Pima ................: 141.7 190.0 138.5 Sugarbeets .....................: 1,183.2 1,174.2 1,145.3 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 877.7 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 354.1 334.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 20.5 29.5 13.7 Dry edible beans ...............: 1,537.5 1,766.6 1,463.0 Dry edible peas ................: 863.3 837.0 837.9 Lentils ........................: 415.0 510.0 407.0 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 6.3 Hops ...........................: (NA) 39.7 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 69.8 Potatoes, all ..................: *1,069.5 *1,044.7 Winter .......................: 9.0 8.7 Spring .......................: 79.2 91.9 73.7 89.6 Summer .......................: *44.2 *42.7 Fall .........................: 937.1 919.6 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 20.5 Sweet potatoes .................: 109.6 117.1 97.7 Taro (Hawaii) 2/ ...............: (NA) 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 ------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 73.0 227,323 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 164.9 13,130,632 Corn for silage ....................tons: 19.3 108,209 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.47 147,442 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.35 71,030 All other ........................tons: 1.98 76,412 Oats ............................bushels: 67.5 93,081 Proso millet ....................bushels: 33.7 9,865 Rice 1/ .............................cwt: 7,085 219,850 Rye .............................bushels: 27.8 6,993 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 69.4 382,983 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 14.5 3,680 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 44.4 2,216,171 Winter ........................bushels: 44.2 1,522,718 Durum .........................bushels: 44.9 109,042 Other spring ..................bushels: 45.1 584,411 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,811 1,474,130 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 4,178.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 23.6 7,423 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 991 49,364 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,412 3,688,350 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,700 1,530 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,462 241,970 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 44.0 3,359,011 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,554 3,036,460 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ ....................bales: 774 12,401.3 Upland 1/ .......................bales: 763 12,011.0 American Pima 1/ ................bales: 1,353 390.3 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 25.8 29,519 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 34.4 30,151 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,325 823,290 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas 1/ .............cwt: 1,328 182 Dry edible beans 1/ .................cwt: 1,733 25,360 Dry edible peas 1/ ..................cwt: 2,045 17,137 Lentils 1/ ..........................cwt: 1,440 5,859 Wrinkled seed peas ..................cwt: (NA) 874 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ..................pounds: 1,270 8,000 Hops .............................pounds: 2,383 94,677.9 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 91 6,379 Potatoes, all .......................cwt: 413 *431,478 Winter ............................cwt: 245 2,132 Spring ............................cwt: 289 21,321 25,595 Summer ............................cwt: *340 *14,522 Fall ..............................cwt: 428 393,503 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 2,698 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 201 19,647 Taro (Hawaii) ....................pounds: (NA) 4,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,443,530 1,324,550 1,259,800 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:34,998,400 35,935,660 32,221,420 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,268,290 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 24,182,250 24,467,560 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 8,590,350 All other ....................: (NA) 15,591,900 Oats ...........................: 1,377,560 1,361,380 558,070 Proso millet ...................: 141,640 118,570 Rice ...........................: 1,268,700 1,380,400 1,255,750 Rye ..........................: 502,220 101,980 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,684,310 2,573,830 2,233,890 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 102,790 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:23,930,530 21,783,250 20,181,080 Winter .......................:17,527,530 15,256,000 13,955,730 Durum ........................: 1,033,580 899,630 982,590 Other spring .................: 5,369,430 5,627,620 5,242,760 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 334,680 497,000 329,420 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 128,290 169,970 127,070 Mustard seed ...................: 20,840 20,150 Peanuts ........................: 451,630 486,030 437,470 Rapeseed .......................: 400 360 Safflower ......................: 70,820 66,980 Soybeans for beans .............:31,343,650 31,605,480 30,906,980 Sunflower ......................: 821,520 882,630 790,560 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 3,702,590 4,251,270 3,112,270 Upland .......................: 3,645,250 4,174,380 3,056,220 American Pima ................: 57,340 76,890 56,050 Sugarbeets .....................: 478,830 475,190 463,490 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 355,200 Tobacco .......................: (NA) (NA) 143,320 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 8,300 11,940 5,540 Dry edible beans ...............: 622,210 714,930 592,060 Dry edible peas ................: 349,370 338,730 339,090 Lentils ........................: 167,950 206,390 164,710 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 2,550 Hops ...........................: (NA) 16,080 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 28,250 Potatoes, all 2/ ...............: *432,820 *422,780 Winter .......................: 3,640 3,520 Spring .......................: 32,050 37,190 29,830 36,260 Summer .......................: *17,890 *17,280 Fall .........................: 379,230 372,150 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 8,300 Sweet potatoes .................: 44,350 47,390 39,540 Taro (Hawaii) 3/ ...............: (NA) 180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 3/ Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.93 4,949,370 Corn for grain .........................: 10.35 333,533,420 Corn for silage ........................: 43.28 98,165,550 Hay, all 1/ ............................: 5.53 133,757,130 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.50 64,437,330 All other ............................: 4.45 69,319,800 Oats ...................................: 2.42 1,351,070 Proso millet ...........................: 1.89 223,730 Rice ...................................: 7.94 9,972,230 Rye ....................................: 1.74 177,630 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.35 9,728,220 Sorghum for silage .....................: 32.48 3,338,440 Wheat, all 1/ ..........................: 2.99 60,314,290 Winter ...............................: 2.97 41,441,590 Durum ................................: 3.02 2,967,640 Other spring .........................: 3.03 15,905,060 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.03 668,650 Cottonseed .............................: (X) 3,790,220 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.48 188,550 Mustard seed ...........................: 1.11 22,390 Peanuts ................................: 3.82 1,673,010 Rapeseed ...............................: 1.91 690 Safflower ..............................: 1.64 109,760 Soybeans for beans .....................: 2.96 91,417,300 Sunflower ..............................: 1.74 1,377,320 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ .........................: 0.87 2,700,070 Upland ...............................: 0.86 2,615,090 American Pima ........................: 1.52 84,980 Sugarbeets .............................: 57.78 26,779,190 Sugarcane ..............................: 77.01 27,352,530 Tobacco ................................: 2.61 373,440 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...................: 1.49 8,260 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.94 1,150,310 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.29 777,320 Lentils ................................: 1.61 265,760 Wrinkled seed peas .....................: (NA) 39,640 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ........................: 1.42 3,630 Hops ...................................: 2.67 42,950 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 2,890 Potatoes, all 1/ .......................: *46.29 *19,571,510 Winter ...............................: 27.47 96,710 Spring ...............................: 32.43 32.02 967,100 1,160,970 Summer ...............................: *38.12 *658,710 Fall .................................: 47.96 17,849,000 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 1,220 Sweet potatoes .........................: 22.54 891,170 Taro (Hawaii) ..........................: (NA) 1,810 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Production may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :-------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit .................................tons: 1,548.0 *1,304.0 1,169.0 Lemons .....................................tons: 619.0 *912.0 855.0 Oranges ....................................tons: 10,076.0 *9,128.0 8,203.0 Tangelos (Florida) .........................tons: 68.0 52.0 41.0 Tangerines and mandarins ...................tons: 527.0 443.0 553.0 : Noncitrus : Apples ...................................pounds: 9,609.3 9,953.6 Apricots ...................................tons: 81.6 68.3 Bananas (Hawaii) .........................pounds: 17,400.0 15,400.0 Grapes .....................................tons: 7,319.3 7,067.6 Olives (California) ........................tons: 66.8 42.8 Papayas (Hawaii) .........................pounds: 33,500.0 31,300.0 Peaches ....................................tons: 1,135.3 1,105.7 Pears ......................................tons: 869.9 936.2 Prunes, dried (California) .................tons: 129.0 157.0 Prunes and plums (excludes California) .....tons: 15.5 18.8 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ............pounds: 1,630,000.0 1,390,000.0 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...............tons: 32.0 47.0 Pecans, in-shell .........................pounds: 194,080.0 290,500.0 Walnuts, in-shell (California) .............tons: 436.0 415.0 Maple syrup .............................gallons: 1,912.0 2,327.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :-------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ..............................: 1,404,320 *1,182,970 1,060,500 Lemons ..................................: 561,550 *827,350 775,640 Oranges .................................: 9,140,790 *8,280,780 7,441,640 Tangelos (Florida) ......................: 61,690 47,170 37,190 Tangerines and mandarins ................: 478,090 401,880 501,670 : Noncitrus : Apples ..................................: 4,358,710 4,514,880 Apricots ................................: 74,040 61,980 Bananas (Hawaii) ........................: 7,890 6,990 Grapes ..................................: 6,639,920 6,411,660 Olives (California) .....................: 60,600 38,830 Papayas (Hawaii) ........................: 15,200 14,200 Peaches .................................: 1,029,940 1,003,090 Pears ...................................: 789,110 849,320 Prunes, dried (California) ..............: 117,030 142,430 Prunes and plums (excludes California) ..: 14,060 17,060 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ...........: 739,360 630,490 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ............: 29,030 42,640 Pecans, in-shell ........................: 88,030 131,770 Walnuts in-shell (California) ...........: 395,530 376,480 Maple syrup .............................: 9,560 11,630 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010. March Weather Summary Dryness developed or expanded during March in a few areas, including the Great Lakes and the central Gulf Coast region. Meanwhile, unusually warm weather from the northern Plains into the Northeast contrasted with cool conditions across the Nation's southern tier. In fact, there was record-setting March warmth (locally more than 10 degrees Fahrenheit above normal) in the upper Great Lakes region, while record-low March temperatures (more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit below normal) were noted in parts of Florida. Among the wettest regions was the northern Atlantic coastal plain, where three major March storms (along with another system in late February) induced several rounds of flooding. Hardest hit were Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts, where record-setting monthly precipitation totals of 10 to 18 inches were common. Interestingly, most of the precipitation fell in the liquid form, with snow mostly confined to higher elevations of the Northeast. Meanwhile, most of the South - excluding Florida's peninsula - dried out during March, promoting an acceleration of planting activities for crops such as corn, rice, and sorghum. In most cases, however, cool weather slowed summer crop emergence. Farther north, most of the Midwest received enough precipitation during March to limit pre-planting fieldwork, although dryness began to expand across the Great Lakes region. Areas from the eastern Dakotas into the middle Mississippi Valley had to contend with spring flooding, triggered by the melting of an extensive snow cover and runoff from early-spring rainfall. Elsewhere, highly variable conditions existed across the Plains and the West. The Rockies received significant precipitation, which was especially beneficial in drought-affected northern areas. On the central and southern High Plains, pastures and winter wheat benefited from abundant rain and snow. In contrast, California experienced a disappointingly dry end to an otherwise adequate wet season, while parts of the northern High Plains trended dry during March. March Agricultural Summary March delivered seasonable temperatures to much of the Nation, with average recordings varying from slightly below to slightly above normal. In contrast, the Great Lakes and New England continued to experience abnormally warm temperatures for a third consecutive month. Average temperatures reached as many as 12 degrees above normal in portions of Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Elsewhere, temperatures in parts of Alabama, Georgia, and much of Florida were cooler than normal, falling to as many as 9 degrees below average. Much of the country received less than normal precipitation during the month. Conversely, above average precipitation continued to fall on locations in the Southwest, southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Florida, and along the northern Atlantic Coast where monthly accumulations reached 200 percent of normal or more. Early in the month, row crop producers completed fieldwork where conditions allowed. Excessively wet fields in the Southern Low Plains of Texas slowed fieldwork and herbicide applications for cotton producers, while producers in the Northern High Plains waited for more favorable soil conditions and warmer temperatures before planting their crop. In Oklahoma, seedbed preparation remained behind normal throughout the month for all row crops except peanuts. Following the sluggish start to spring fieldwork, corn, cotton, and sorghum planting was underway in several States by month's end. Small grain seeding was underway well ahead of normal in the major producing areas of Washington early in the month despite a limited snowpack and potential lack of irrigation supplies. Although the winter wheat crop in Oklahoma benefitted from mid-month precipitation, warmer temperatures were needed to accelerate crop growth. Barley and Durum wheat emergence was virtually complete in Arizona by March 21. The majority of Kansas's winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition with minimal insect, freeze, or wind damage. By month's end, heading was evident in South Texas oat fields, as well as barley and Durum wheat fields in Arizona. Some winter wheat fields were being harvested for silage in California. Unseasonably cool temperatures continued to hamper vegetable growth throughout Florida, leading to below normal production for a variety of winter crops. Conversely, above average temperatures in the Yakima Valley in Washington pushed growing degree days to nearly two weeks ahead of normal. By month's end, hop plants in Washington were emerging and producers were busy stringing their yards. Strawberry fields in the San Joaquin Valley of California were setting fruit, while warmer temperatures along the Central Coast aided budding in wine grape vineyards. Crop Comments Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2009-2010 United States grapefruit crop is 1.17 million tons, up 1 percent from the March 1 forecast but down 10 percent from the revised 2008-2009 final utilization. Florida's grapefruit production is forecast at 19.0 million boxes (808,000 tons), up 1 percent from the March 1 forecast but 12 percent below last season. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.50 million boxes (234,000 tons), up 4 percent from March 1 but down 17 percent from the previous year. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 13.5 million boxes (574,000 tons), is unchanged from the March 1 forecast but 11 percent below last season. As of April 1, approximately 73 percent of the white grapefruit crop and 90 percent of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested. The Texas grapefruit forecast, at 5.50 million boxes (220,000 tons) is up slightly from the previous forecast but unchanged from last season. California's grapefruit production forecast is 4.20 million boxes (141,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but 13 percent below last season's revised production. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 553,000 tons, up 8 percent from the March 1 forecast and 25 percent above the 2008-2009 crop. California's tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 9.10 million boxes (341,000 tons), up 11 percent from the January 1 forecast and up 36 percent from last season's final utilization. If realized, this will be a record crop for California. The Florida tangerine forecast is 4.10 million boxes (195,000 tons), up 3 percent from the March 1 forecast and up 6 percent from the previous season. Approximately 89 percent of the Honey tangerines in Florida have been harvested. The Arizona tangerine forecast, at 450,000 boxes (17,000 tons), is up 29 percent from the previous forecast and 80 percent above last season's final utilization. Lemons: The forecast for the 2009-2010 United States lemon crop is 855,000 tons, unchanged from the January 1 forecast but down 6 percent from last season's revised utilized production. California production is forecast at 20.0 million boxes (760,000 tons), unchanged from January 1 but down 5 percent from last season's revised production. The California lemon harvest was complete in the Desert Region, but continued in the Central Valley and began in the Coastal Region. Lemon production in Arizona is forecast at 2.50 million boxes (95,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 17 percent from last season. Tangelos: Florida's tangelo forecast is 900,000 boxes (41,000 tons), unchanged from the March 1 forecast but down 22 percent from last season's final production. If realized, this will be the smallest tangelo crop since 1962, when Florida experienced a damaging December freeze. Florida citrus: High temperatures in the citrus growing regions ranged between 70 and 80 degrees all month. Low temperatures were mostly in the 40s. The citrus growing area received heavy, soaking rains in March. Harvesting of Murcott tangerines and Valencia oranges continued. Citrus bloom is full and widespread in the southern counties, with more buds and fewer open flowers observed in northern areas. Processing of early and midseason oranges has finished. Valencia oranges and grapefruit make up the majority of fruit going to processing plants. Grove activities included harvesting, mowing, insecticide and fertilizer applications, psyllid treatment, and brush removal. Arizona citrus: Lemon harvest was completed in western Arizona in March. Texas citrus: Citrus fruits continued to be harvested in the Lower Valley. Soil moisture was reported to be adequate across most of the State. California citrus: Citrus trees were being topped. Picking of tangerines, navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons continued, while harvesting of Valencia oranges began in the San Joaquin Valley. California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Stone fruits throughout the Central Valley, including plums, prunes, peaches, cherries, and other early varieties, continued to show widespread bloom. Fungicide sprays were applied to blooming stone fruit trees. Pruning of orchards and vineyards was approaching completion. Strawberry and blueberry plantings began blooming and out of state raspberry bushes arrived for planting. Strawberries were setting fruit in the San Joaquin Valley. Herbicide sprays were applied in Central Valley grape vineyards, while warmer temperatures aided budding of wine grape vineyards along the Central Coast. Widespread bloom continued in almond orchards. Considerable petal fall also occurred. Due to wet weather earlier in the season, some brown rot was observed in almond orchards. Most growers applied protective sprays to limit the impact of spring diseases. Walnut blight applications began in preparation for the upcoming walnut bloom. Pest traps were placed in almond orchards and irrigation began in drier areas. Winter potatoes: California winter potato estimates are combined with spring potatoes beginning in 2010. Spring potatoes: Production for 2010 is forecast at 25.6 million cwt, up 20 percent from 2009, however beginning in 2010 California winter and summer season potatoes are included in the spring season total. Area for harvest is forecast at 89,600 acres, 22 percent more than 2009. The average yield of 286 cwt per acre is down 3 cwt from 2009. Florida's production is forecast at 7.55 million cwt, down 2 percent from 2009. Freezing temperatures delayed planting in the Hastings area. Late January rainfall resulted in standing water in some fields. Growing conditions were favorable in the other potato growing area, with harvest on schedule. California spring potato production is forecast at 11.8 million cwt, up 64 percent from last year. Growers reported good conditions and a normal crop year. North Carolina growers are expected to produce 3.26 million cwt of spring potatoes, a decrease of 4 percent from 2009. As of March 28, 2010, crop condition was rated 100 percent good with topsoil moisture as mostly adequate. Production in Texas is forecast at 1.97 million cwt, up 1 percent from 2009, while Arizona growers expect production to total 1.04 million cwt, down 8 percent from last year. Summer potatoes: The final estimate of 2009 summer potato production is 14.5 million cwt, up slightly from the preliminary estimate in the January Crop Production 2009 Summary. Harvested area covered 42,700 acres, down 1 percent from the 2009 preliminary estimate. The revised average yield of 340 cwt per acre is up 4 cwt from the 2009 preliminary estimate. Statistical Methodology Survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the April 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which, when combined with the previous components, are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers and packers in California and Texas were also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published April 1 forecast. Revision policy: The April 1 production forecasts will not be revised. A new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the April 1 production forecasts, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the April 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the April 1 orange production forecast is 2.2 percent. However, if you exclude the 5 abnormal production seasons (3 freeze seasons and 2 hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 1.8 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates by more than 2.2 percent, or 1.8 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.9 percent, or 3.1 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Changes between the April 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 170,000 tons (162,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 7,000 tons to 508,000 tons (7,000 tons to 368,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons). The April 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times (below 4 times and above 11 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the April 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section.................................. (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice.......................................... (202) 720-7688 Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................ (202) 720-5944 Bryan Durham - Hay, Oats................................................ (202) 690-3234 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed........................ (202) 720-9526 Nick Schauer - Wheat, Rye............................................... (202) 720-8068 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................... (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section...... (202) 720-2127 Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries.. (202) 720-2157 Fred Granja - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ....... (202) 720-4288 Dawn Keen - Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts .............. (202) 720-4215 Steve Maliszewski - Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits............. (202) 720-5412 Tierra Mobley - Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ......... (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mints, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .......... (202) 720-3250 Kim Ritchie - Hops...................................................... (360) 902-1940 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Receive NASS Updates" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. 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