Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 11, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Corn Updates Survey respondents who reported corn acreage as not yet harvested in North Dakota and South Dakota during the survey conducted in preparation for the Crop Production 2009 Summary were re- contacted in late April to determine how many of the acres were harvested or still intended for harvest, and to record the production from those acres. Based on this updated information, several changes were made to the estimates published in the Crop Production 2009 Summary. Because unharvested production is a component of on-farms stocks, changes were made to the December 1 on-farms stocks levels comparable with the production adjustments as well. Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from 2009 All Orange Production Unchanged from April Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.46 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2009. Expected area for harvest as grain or seed totals 31.8 million acres, down 8 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 45.9 bushels per acre, up 1.7 bushels from the previous year. Hard Red Winter, at 960 million bushels, is up 5 percent from 2009. Soft Red Winter, at 283 million bushels, is down 30 percent from last year. White Winter is up 7 percent from last year and now totals 215 million bushels. Of this total, 17.0 million bushels are Hard White and 198 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 8.20 million tons, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but down 10 percent from the 2008-2009 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 132 million boxes (5.92 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from last season's final utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 68.6 million boxes (3.09 million tons), unchanged from April 1 but 19 percent lower than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 63.0 million boxes (2.84 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from the 2008-2009 estimate. Most citrus producing areas in Florida reported ideal growing conditions during April with warm temperatures and adequate amounts of sun and precipitation. The monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of early, midseason, and navel oranges is complete, while 48 percent of the Valencia crop is harvested. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April. Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 1.55 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast and down 7 percent from last season's final yield of 1.66 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 6 percent from last season's record yield of 1.60 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.63 gallons per box, 7 percent lower than last year's final yield of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationship this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. This report was approved on May 11, 2010. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Michael T. Scuse Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010.............................................................................. 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010.............................................................................. 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008-2010.................................................... 6 Corn Area Planted for All Purposes, Area Harvested, Yield, and Production for Grain - Selected States and United States: 2009................................................................................. 7 Corn Stocks by Position - Selected States and United States: December 1, 2009........................... 7 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2007-2010......................... 8 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010.............................................................................. 9 Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010.............................................................................. 10 Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2008 and 2009........ 10 Peach Production by Crop - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010........................... 10 Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010........................ 10 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 and 2009................. 11 Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2008 and 2009....................................... 11 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009........................................................................................... 12 Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009..................... 13 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009............. 14 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009.................... 15 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2008 and 2009.................... 16 Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2005-2009............................................... 16 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2005-2009.............................................. 17 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)......................... 18 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)............................... 19 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)........................... 20 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)................................. 21 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units).................................. 22 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units).................................... 23 Crop Moisture Index by Division......................................................................... 24 Drought Severity Index by Division...................................................................... 24 April Weather Summary................................................................................... 25 April Agricultural Summary ............................................................................. 25 Crop Comments........................................................................................... 27 Statistical Methodology................................................................................. 32 Information Contacts ................................................................................... 34 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arkansas ......: 390 170 44.0 52.0 55,860 17,160 8,840 California ....: 315 380 80.0 70.0 34,000 25,200 26,600 Colorado ......: 2,450 2,300 40.0 38.0 57,000 98,000 87,400 Georgia .......: 250 130 42.0 48.0 22,400 10,500 6,240 Idaho .........: 700 740 81.0 85.0 60,000 56,700 62,900 Illinois ......: 820 325 56.0 60.0 73,600 45,920 19,500 Indiana .......: 450 280 67.0 68.0 38,640 30,150 19,040 Kansas ........: 8,800 8,200 42.0 42.0 356,000 369,600 344,400 Kentucky ......: 390 300 57.0 65.0 32,660 22,230 19,500 Maryland ......: 195 140 60.0 63.0 13,140 11,700 8,820 : Michigan ......: 560 490 69.0 72.0 48,990 38,640 35,280 Mississippi ...: 165 130 50.0 50.0 30,070 8,250 6,500 Missouri ......: 730 310 47.0 46.0 55,680 34,310 14,260 Montana .......: 2,420 1,900 37.0 40.0 94,380 89,540 76,000 Nebraska ......: 1,600 1,500 48.0 46.0 73,480 76,800 69,000 New York ......: 105 100 65.0 62.0 7,686 6,825 6,200 North Carolina : 600 400 49.0 46.0 43,200 29,400 18,400 North Dakota ..: 545 320 48.0 52.0 22,550 26,160 16,640 Ohio ..........: 980 750 72.0 72.0 74,120 70,560 54,000 Oklahoma ......: 3,500 3,900 22.0 33.0 166,500 77,000 128,700 : Oregon ........: 750 830 56.0 59.0 44,950 42,000 48,970 Pennsylvania ..: 175 155 56.0 58.0 11,840 9,800 8,990 South Carolina : 150 135 47.0 46.0 11,070 7,050 6,210 South Dakota ..: 1,530 1,180 42.0 49.0 103,950 64,260 57,820 Tennessee .....: 340 180 51.0 56.0 32,760 17,340 10,080 Texas .........: 2,450 3,500 25.0 35.0 99,000 61,250 122,500 Virginia ......: 210 175 58.0 63.0 19,880 12,180 11,025 Washington ....: 1,640 1,710 59.0 61.0 96,320 96,760 104,310 Wisconsin .....: 315 230 68.0 68.0 22,110 21,420 15,640 : Other States 1/: 960 926 47.9 48.1 65,497 46,013 44,585 : United States .: 34,485 31,786 44.2 45.9 1,867,333 1,522,718 1,458,350 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2010 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 [Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 30, 2010. Yield and production will be published in "Crop Production" released July 9, 2010] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels -- ------- 1,000 bushels ------ : Arizona ........: 124 79 100.0 100.0 14,602 12,400 7,900 California .....: 170 105 100.0 105.0 15,225 17,000 11,025 Montana ........: 535 31.0 10,830 16,585 North Dakota ...: 1,570 39.0 42,250 61,230 : Other States 1/ : 29 63.0 920 1,827 : United States ..: 2,428 44.9 83,827 109,042 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2010 Summary". Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008-2010 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard Red ......: 1,034,694 919,015 960,383 Soft Red ......: 613,578 403,563 283,464 Hard White ....: 22,702 18,128 17,010 Soft White ....: 196,360 182,012 197,493 : Spring : Hard Red ......: 512,138 547,933 Hard White ....: 6,340 7,865 Soft White ....: 29,525 28,613 Durum .........: 83,827 109,042 : Total ...... : 2,499,164 2,216,171 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corn Area Planted for All Purposes, Area Harvested, Yield, and Production for Grain - Selected States and United States: 2009 [Updated from "Crop Production 2009 Summary" released January 12, 2010] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted :Area harvested: Yield : Production State : : : : :----------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 acres ---- bushels 1,000 bushels : North Dakota .......: 1,950 *1,740 *115.0 *200,100 South Dakota .......: 5,000 *4,680 *151.0 *706,680 : United States 1/ ...: 86,482 *79,590 *164.7 *13,110,062 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ United States total previously revised in the March "Crop Production" report, released March 10, 2010. Corn Stocks by Position - Selected States and United States: December 1, 2009 [Updated from "Grains Stocks" released March 31, 2010] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : On : Off : Total All State : farms : farms 1/ : positions :----------------------------------------------------------- : Corn :----------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : North Dakota .......: *140,000 32,462 *172,462 South Dakota .......: *500,000 122,290 *622,290 : United States ......: *7,405,000 3,497,460 *10,902,460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Included stocks at mills, elevators, warehouses, terminals, and processors. Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2007-2010 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December 1 : May 1 State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,318 1,540 1,700 150 375 192 Arizona .......: 260 475 500 36 50 60 Arkansas ......: 2,700 3,020 2,900 530 570 340 California ....: 1,890 2,380 2,400 250 470 432 Colorado ......: 2,400 1,975 2,500 520 400 650 Connecticut ...: 69 65 71 8 9 14 Delaware ......: 8 20 29 1 4 4 Florida .......: 492 587 535 66 58 40 Georgia .......: 1,013 1,319 1,374 145 238 210 Idaho .........: 2,400 2,012 2,750 300 450 775 : Illinois ......: 1,100 1,386 1,400 210 300 310 Indiana .......: 973 1,191 1,360 93 185 198 Iowa ..........: 3,500 3,918 3,100 640 750 420 Kansas ........: 5,465 5,700 5,400 1,100 1,350 1,200 Kentucky ......: 3,312 4,169 4,905 186 465 1,006 Louisiana .....: 820 921 710 100 60 60 Maine .........: 160 145 134 27 18 34 Maryland ......: 240 431 350 52 111 60 Massachusetts .: 74 77 75 12 12 9 Michigan ......: 1,700 1,998 1,451 320 450 330 : Minnesota .....: 3,140 3,891 3,570 535 790 630 Mississippi ...: 1,459 1,365 1,058 196 214 90 Missouri ......: 6,662 7,744 8,280 900 2,050 1,250 Montana .......: 4,530 3,831 4,100 1,025 590 720 Nebraska ......: 4,205 4,115 4,490 990 935 1,000 Nevada ........: 767 1,000 1,012 90 170 310 New Hampshire .: 57 70 45 6 8 7 New Jersey ....: 68 94 102 5 26 46 New Mexico ....: 580 600 570 125 105 125 New York ......: 1,674 1,453 1,582 283 420 400 : North Carolina : 682 962 1,523 79 311 296 North Dakota ..: 4,990 4,032 5,500 1,260 700 1,310 Ohio ..........: 1,653 1,992 2,013 165 325 350 Oklahoma ......: 6,100 4,595 4,435 1,600 1,000 650 Oregon ........: 1,700 1,561 2,200 150 270 420 Pennsylvania ..: 1,750 2,500 2,400 500 700 680 Rhode Island ..: 6 10 8 1 1 2 South Carolina : 350 451 590 55 115 130 South Dakota ..: 7,816 7,660 8,290 1,930 1,900 2,190 Tennessee .....: 2,121 3,038 3,219 215 552 678 : Texas .........: 13,400 8,483 7,700 4,906 2,100 1,100 Utah ..........: 1,130 1,300 1,330 215 285 245 Vermont .......: 228 175 204 60 37 50 Virginia ......: 1,705 2,174 1,940 226 450 350 Washington ....: 1,335 1,182 1,418 200 350 280 West Virginia .: 720 916 938 92 156 125 Wisconsin .....: 3,467 3,603 3,021 790 950 753 Wyoming .......: 1,900 1,532 2,040 240 230 400 : United States .: 104,089 103,658 107,222 21,585 22,065 20,913 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ : Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2007-2008 : 2008-2009 : 2009-2010 : 2007-2008 : 2008-2009 : 2009-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 boxes ------------ ------------ 1,000 tons ----------- Oranges : Early, mid, and navel 2/ : Arizona 3/ .............: 230 150 (NA) 9 5 (NA) California 4/ ..........: 45,000 34,500 42,000 1,688 1,294 1,575 Florida ................: 83,500 84,600 68,600 3,758 3,807 3,087 Texas 4/ ...............: 1,600 1,300 1,350 68 55 57 United States ..........: 130,330 120,550 111,950 5,523 5,161 4,719 Valencia : Arizona 3/ .............: 150 100 (NA) 6 4 (NA) California 4/ ..........: 17,000 12,000 17,000 637 450 638 Florida ................: 86,700 77,900 63,000 3,901 3,506 2,835 Texas 4/ ...............: 196 159 250 9 7 11 United States ..........: 104,046 90,159 80,250 4,553 3,967 3,484 All : Arizona 3/ .............: 380 250 (NA) 15 9 (NA) California 4/ ..........: 62,000 46,500 59,000 2,325 1,744 2,213 Florida ................: 170,200 162,500 131,600 7,659 7,313 5,922 Texas 4/ ...............: 1,796 1,459 1,600 77 62 68 United States ..........: 234,376 210,709 192,200 10,076 9,128 8,203 : Grapefruit : White : Florida ................: 9,000 6,600 5,800 383 280 247 Colored : Florida ................: 17,600 15,100 14,000 748 642 595 All : Arizona 3/ .............: 100 25 (NA) 3 1 (NA) California 4/ ..........: 5,200 4,800 4,200 174 161 141 Florida ................: 26,600 21,700 19,800 1,131 922 842 Texas 4/ ...............: 6,000 5,500 5,500 240 220 220 United States ..........: 37,900 32,025 29,500 1,548 1,304 1,203 : Tangerines and mandarins : Arizona 4/ 5/ ............: 400 250 450 15 9 17 California 4/ 5/ .........: 6,700 6,700 9,100 251 251 341 Florida ..................: 5,500 3,850 4,500 261 183 214 United States ............: 12,600 10,800 14,050 527 443 572 : Lemons 4/ : Arizona ..................: 1,500 3,000 2,500 57 114 95 California ...............: 14,800 21,000 20,000 562 798 760 United States ............: 16,300 24,000 22,500 619 912 855 : Tangelos : Florida ..................: 1,500 1,150 900 68 52 41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in Arizona and California-75, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in Arizona and California-67, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-75, Florida-95. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in Arizona and California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida. 3/ Estimates discontinued beginning with the 2009-2010 crop year. 4/ Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast. 5/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 :2009 :2010 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- -- cwt -- ------- 1,000 cwt ------ : Arizona .......: 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.7 280 280 1,050 1,120 1,036 California 1/ .: 17.8 31.0 17.5 31.0 410 395 6,930 7,175 12,245 Florida .......: 32.6 32.4 28.9 31.0 266 244 7,952 7,700 7,550 Hastings ....: 20.0 20.2 16.5 19.0 260 230 4,845 4,290 4,370 Other Florida: 12.6 12.2 12.4 12.0 275 265 3,107 3,410 3,180 North Carolina : 16.0 16.0 15.0 15.5 225 210 2,520 3,375 3,255 Texas .........: 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.4 235 235 1,680 1,951 1,974 : United States .: 79.2 91.9 73.7 89.6 289 291 20,132 21,321 26,060 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Beginning in 2010, winter and summer estimates included in spring total for California. Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2008 and 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ---- 1,000 pounds 1,000 pounds : Bananas 1/ ...: 1,100 1,100 15.8 *16.8 17,400 *18,500 : Guavas 1/ ....: 160 135 21.9 15.6 3,500 2,100 : Papayas 1/ ...: 1,380 1,325 24.3 *23.8 33,500 *31,500 : Taro 2/ ......: 390 445 (NA) (NA) 4,300 4,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. 1/ Only utilized production is estimated. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Peach Production by Crop - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Freestone ..........: 433,000 349,000 365,000 : Clingstone 1/ ......: 426,000 469,000 400,000 : Total ..............: 859,000 818,000 765,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions. Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California .........: 1,630,000 *1,410,000 1,530,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ------ ---- pounds --- ---- 1,000 pounds --- : Connecticut .............: 2,600 *1,900 1,352 *1,277 3,516 *2,426 Georgia .................: 16,000 14,000 2,100 2,000 33,600 28,000 Kentucky ................: 87,800 88,700 2,345 2,333 205,850 206,900 Massachusetts ...........: 690 390 1,403 *1,500 968 *585 Missouri 1/ .............: 1,500 (NA) 2,240 (NA) 3,360 (NA) North Carolina ..........: 174,300 177,400 2,240 2,389 390,360 423,856 Ohio ....................: 3,400 3,400 2,050 2,000 6,970 6,800 Pennsylvania ............: 7,900 8,200 2,232 2,276 17,630 18,660 South Carolina ..........: 19,000 18,500 2,100 2,100 39,900 38,850 Tennessee ...............: 21,800 21,600 2,403 2,313 52,380 49,960 Virginia ................: 19,500 20,150 2,357 *2,309 45,970 *46,530 : United States ...........: 354,490 *354,240 2,258 *2,322 800,504 *822,567 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars ------- ------ 1,000 dollars ----- : Connecticut 1/ ..........: 5.900 (D) 13,841 (D) Georgia .................: 1.700 1.700 57,120 47,600 Kentucky ................: 1.859 1.852 382,593 383,208 Massachusetts 1/ ........: 5.500 (D) 4,015 (D) Missouri 2/ .............: 1.750 (NA) 5,880 (NA) North Carolina ..........: 1.760 1.759 686,921 745,736 Ohio ....................: 1.630 1.650 11,361 11,220 Pennsylvania 3/ .........: 1.735 *1.674 24,040 *31,239 South Carolina ..........: 1.740 1.760 69,426 68,376 Tennessee ...............: 2.109 2.096 110,448 104,735 Virginia ................: 1.790 *1.744 82,296 *81,150 Connecticut and Massachus: 28.500 28.500 40,128 32,462 : United States 5/ ........: 1.859 *1.842 1,488,069 *1,515,159 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Price and value includes Connecticut Valley Broadleaf only. Connecticut Valley Shade-grown is not included in State totals to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. 3/ Price and value for 2008 exclude Southern Maryland Belt tobacco to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 4/ Includes Connecticut Valley Shade-grown only. Connecticut and Massachusetts combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Price and value not available for 2009. 5/ Includes estimated 2009 value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Used 2008 Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown price to compute the 2009 value of production. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield : Production Class and Type :------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- --- pounds --- 1,000 pounds : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ........................: 16,000 14,000 2,100 2,000 33,600 28,000 North Carolina .................: 171,000 174,000 2,250 2,400 384,750 417,600 South Carolina .................: 19,000 18,500 2,100 2,100 39,900 38,850 Virginia .......................: 17,000 17,500 2,410 *2,340 40,970 *40,950 United States ..................: 223,000 224,000 2,239 *2,346 499,220 *525,400 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky .......................: 10,900 9,100 3,500 3,500 38,150 31,850 Tennessee ......................: 7,200 6,400 3,200 3,100 23,040 19,840 Virginia .......................: 500 650 2,000 *2,000 1,000 *1,300 United States ..................: 18,600 16,150 3,344 *3,281 62,190 *52,990 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .....................: 70,000 75,000 2,100 2,150 147,000 161,250 Missouri .....................: 1,500 (NA) 2,240 (NA) 3,360 (NA) North Carolina ...............: 3,300 3,400 1,700 1,840 5,610 6,256 Ohio .........................: 3,400 3,400 2,050 2,000 6,970 6,800 Pennsylvania .................: 4,300 4,100 2,300 2,300 9,890 9,430 Tennessee ....................: 13,000 14,000 1,900 1,920 24,700 26,880 Virginia .....................: 2,000 2,000 2,000 *2,140 4,000 *4,280 United States ................: 97,500 101,900 2,067 *2,109 201,530 *214,896 Type 32, Southern Maryland : Pennsylvania .................: 1,800 2,100 2,100 2,300 3,780 4,830 : Total light air-cured (31-32) : 99,300 104,000 2,068 *2,113 205,310 *219,726 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37): Kentucky .......................: 6,900 4,600 3,000 3,000 20,700 13,800 Tennessee ......................: 1,600 1,200 2,900 2,700 4,640 3,240 United States ..................: 8,500 5,800 2,981 2,938 25,340 17,040 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania .................: 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,200 3,960 4,400 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broa: Connecticut ..................: 1,700 *1,100 1,380 *1,260 2,346 *1,386 Massachusetts ................: 500 300 1,460 *1,620 730 *486 United States ................: 2,200 *1,400 1,398 *1,337 3,076 *1,872 : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shad: Connecticut ..................: 900 800 1,300 *1,300 1,170 *1,040 Massachusetts ................: 190 90 1,250 1,100 238 99 United States ................: 1,090 890 1,292 *1,280 1,408 *1,139 : Total cigar types (41-61) ... : 5,090 *4,290 1,659 *1,728 8,444 *7,411 : All Tobacco ................. : 354,490 *354,240 2,258 *2,322 800,504 *822,567 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production Class and Type :----------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars ------ ---- 1,000 dollars ---- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia .......................: 1.700 1.700 57,120 47,600 North Carolina ................: 1.760 1.760 677,160 734,976 South Carolina ................: 1.740 1.760 69,426 68,376 Virginia ......................: 1.790 *1.730 73,336 *70,844 United States .................: 1.757 *1.754 877,042 *921,796 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ......................: 2.450 2.450 93,468 78,033 Tennessee .....................: 2.490 2.520 57,370 49,997 Virginia ......................: 2.160 *2.100 2,160 *2,730 United States .................: 2.460 *2.468 152,998 *130,760 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky ....................: 1.650 1.700 242,550 274,125 Missouri 1/ .................: 1.750 (NA) 5,880 (NA) North Carolina ..............: 1.740 1.720 9,761 10,760 Ohio ........................: 1.630 1.650 11,361 11,220 Pennsylvania ................: 1.750 1.700 17,308 16,031 Tennessee ...................: 1.730 1.770 42,731 47,578 Virginia ....................: 1.700 *1.770 6,800 *7,576 United States ...............: 1.669 *1.709 336,391 *367,290 Type 32, Southern Maryland : Pennsylvania 2/ .............: (D) *1.600 (D) *7,728 : Total light air-cured (31-32) 2: (D) *1.707 (D) *375,018 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37: Kentucky ......................: 2.250 2.250 46,575 31,050 Tennessee .....................: 2.230 2.210 10,347 7,160 United States .................: 2.246 2.242 56,922 38,210 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf : Pennsylvania ................: 1.700 *1.700 6,732 *7,480 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Bro: Connecticut .................: 5.900 *5.000 13,841 *6,930 Massachusetts ...............: 5.500 *5.150 4,015 *2,503 United States ...............: 5.805 *5.039 17,856 *9,433 : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Sha: Connecticut .................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Massachusetts ...............: (D) (D) (D) (D) United States 3/ ............: 28.500 *28.500 40,128 *32,462 : Total cigar types (41-61) .. : 7.664 *6.662 64,716 *49,375 : All Tobacco 4/ 5/ .......... : 1.859 *1.842 1,488,069 *1,515,159 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ Estimates discontinued in 2009. 2/ Price and value not available for 2008. 3/ Connecticut and Massachusetts combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 4/ The 2009 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. 5/ Includes estimated 2009 value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Used 2008 Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown price to compute the 2009 value production. Excludes Southern Maryland belt tobacco for 2008 to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ----- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 290.0 255.0 286.0 *248.0 787 *668 Arizona .........: 135.0 145.0 133.0 144.0 1,462 *1,477 Arkansas ........: 620.0 520.0 615.0 500.0 1,012 *818 California ......: 120.0 71.0 117.0 70.0 1,506 *1,646 Florida .........: 67.0 82.0 65.0 78.0 916 *723 Georgia .........: 940.0 1,000.0 920.0 990.0 835 *902 Kansas ..........: 35.0 38.0 25.0 34.0 653 *748 Louisiana .......: 300.0 230.0 234.0 225.0 576 *745 Mississippi .....: 365.0 305.0 360.0 *290.0 911 *687 Missouri ........: 306.0 272.0 303.0 260.0 1,106 *927 : New Mexico ......: 38.0 *31.1 35.0 *29.5 974 *1,172 North Carolina ..: 430.0 375.0 428.0 370.0 847 *990 Oklahoma ........: 170.0 205.0 155.0 *195.0 811 *785 South Carolina ..: 135.0 115.0 134.0 114.0 881 *872 Tennessee .......: 285.0 300.0 280.0 280.0 909 *843 Texas ...........: 5,000.0 5,000.0 3,250.0 *3,500.0 657 *634 Virginia ........: 61.0 64.0 60.0 63.0 908 *1,052 : United States ...: 9,297.0 *9,008.1 7,400.0 *7,390.5 803 *766 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 0.8 *1.6 0.8 *1.6 480 *1,170 California ......: 155.0 119.0 151.0 116.0 1,281 *1,494 New Mexico ......: 2.6 *2.8 1.9 *2.8 758 *686 Texas ...........: 15.6 18.0 15.0 17.8 768 *836 : United States ...: 174.0 *141.4 168.7 *138.2 1,226 *1,389 : All : Alabama .........: 290.0 255.0 286.0 *248.0 787 *668 Arizona .........: 135.8 146.6 133.8 *145.6 1,456 *1,473 Arkansas ........: 620.0 520.0 615.0 500.0 1,012 *818 California ......: 275.0 190.0 268.0 186.0 1,379 *1,551 Florida .........: 67.0 82.0 65.0 78.0 916 *723 Georgia .........: 940.0 1,000.0 920.0 990.0 835 *902 Kansas ..........: 35.0 38.0 25.0 34.0 653 *748 Louisiana .......: 300.0 230.0 234.0 225.0 576 *745 Mississippi .....: 365.0 305.0 360.0 *290.0 911 *687 Missouri ........: 306.0 272.0 303.0 260.0 1,106 *927 : New Mexico ......: 40.6 *33.9 36.9 *32.3 963 *1,129 North Carolina ..: 430.0 375.0 428.0 370.0 847 *990 Oklahoma ........: 170.0 205.0 155.0 *195.0 811 *785 South Carolina ..: 135.0 115.0 134.0 114.0 881 *872 Tennessee .......: 285.0 300.0 280.0 280.0 909 *843 Texas ...........: 5,015.6 5,018.0 3,265.0 *3,517.8 658 *635 Virginia ........: 61.0 64.0 60.0 63.0 908 *1,052 : United States ...: 9,471.0 *9,149.5 7,568.7 *7,528.7 813 *777 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : : Bales Ginned in Type and State : 480-lb Net Weight : Lint seed : 480-lb Net Weight : bales 1/ : ratio 2/ : bales 3/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales ---- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 469.0 *345.0 (NA) (NA) 465,800 340,400 Arizona .........: 405.0 *443.0 (NA) (NA) 386,800 433,850 Arkansas ........: 1,296.0 *852.0 (NA) (NA) 1,272,100 819,150 California ......: 367.0 *240.0 (NA) (NA) 383,500 248,900 Florida .........: 124.0 *117.5 (NA) (NA) 108,250 93,000 Georgia .........: 1,600.0 *1,860.0 (NA) (NA) 1,620,450 1,882,200 Kansas ..........: 34.0 *53.0 (NA) (NA) 33,850 44,250 Louisiana .......: 281.0 *349.0 (NA) (NA) 287,100 348,850 Mississippi .....: 683.0 *415.0 (NA) (NA) 673,700 406,100 Missouri ........: 698.0 *502.0 (NA) (NA) 715,900 534,850 : New Mexico ......: 71.0 *72.0 (NA) (NA) 43,950 30,200 North Carolina ..: 755.0 *763.0 (NA) (NA) 766,400 779,250 Oklahoma ........: 262.0 *319.0 (NA) (NA) 259,000 316,300 South Carolina ..: 246.0 *207.0 (NA) (NA) 239,750 201,050 Tennessee .......: 530.0 *492.0 (NA) (NA) 533,000 497,650 Texas ...........: 4,450.0 *4,620.0 (NA) (NA) 4,485,300 4,671,650 Virginia ........: 113.5 *138.1 (NA) (NA) 105,400 123,900 : United States ...: 12,384.5 *11,787.6 (NA) (NA) 12,380,250 11,771,550 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 0.8 *3.9 (NA) (NA) 750 4,050 California ......: 403.0 *361.0 (NA) (NA) 403,200 359,750 New Mexico ......: 3.0 *4.0 (NA) (NA) 3,800 5,200 Texas ...........: 24.0 *31.0 (NA) (NA) 22,850 30,050 : United States ...: 430.8 *399.9 (NA) (NA) 430,600 399,050 : All : Alabama .........: 469.0 *345.0 (NA) (NA) 465,800 340,400 Arizona .........: 405.8 *446.9 (NA) (NA) 387,550 437,900 Arkansas ........: 1,296.0 *852.0 0.410 0.410 1,272,100 819,150 California ......: 770.0 *601.0 (NA) 786,700 608,650 Florida .........: 124.0 *117.5 (NA) (NA) 108,250 93,000 Georgia .........: 1,600.0 *1,860.0 0.441 0.444 1,620,450 1,882,200 Kansas ..........: 34.0 *53.0 (NA) (NA) 33,850 44,250 Louisiana .......: 281.0 *349.0 0.427 0.431 287,100 348,850 Mississippi .....: 683.0 *415.0 0.413 0.416 673,700 406,100 Missouri ........: 698.0 *502.0 (NA) (NA) 715,900 534,850 : New Mexico ......: 74.0 *76.0 (NA) (NA) 47,750 35,400 North Carolina ..: 755.0 *763.0 0.434 0.434 766,400 779,250 Oklahoma ........: 262.0 *319.0 (NA) (NA) 259,000 316,300 South Carolina ..: 246.0 *207.0 (NA) (NA) 239,750 201,050 Tennessee .......: 530.0 *492.0 (NA) (NA) 533,000 497,650 Texas ...........: 4,474.0 *4,651.0 0.409 0.410 4,508,150 4,701,700 Virginia ........: 113.5 *138.1 (NA) (NA) 105,400 123,900 : United States ...: 12,815.3 *12,187.5 (NA) (NA) 12,810,850 12,170,600 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average. 3/ Equivalent 480-lb net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 : 2008 : 2009 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 139.0 *114.0 22.0 11.0 117.0 103.0 *1.5 2.2 Arizona .......: 140.3 *161.4 - - 140.3 161.4 *1.1 1.4 Arkansas ......: 443.0 *294.0 357.0 253.0 86.0 41.0 *3.6 3.5 California ....: 280.0 *275.0 73.0 - 207.0 275.0 *1.7 2.4 Florida .......: 32.6 *34.5 28.5 29.0 4.1 5.5 *0.4 0.5 Georgia .......: 508.0 *539.1 361.0 332.6 147.0 206.5 *5.0 5.0 Kansas ........: 12.7 19.0 - - 12.7 19.0 *0.2 0.2 Louisiana .....: 89.0 *108.0 58.0 75.0 31.0 33.0 *2.1 1.8 Mississippi ...: 230.0 *134.0 204.0 118.5 26.0 15.5 *2.2 2.4 Missouri ......: 240.0 *192.5 155.0 127.0 85.0 65.5 *1.5 1.6 : New Mexico ....: 25.0 *25.4 - - 25.0 25.4 *0.2 0.3 North Carolina : 231.0 *244.6 44.0 41.1 187.0 203.5 *2.4 3.4 Oklahoma ......: 90.5 *108.4 87.2 96.8 3.3 11.6 *1.0 1.3 South Carolina : 88.1 *64.3 55.9 40.6 32.2 23.7 *0.5 0.7 Tennessee .....: 169.0 *157.9 146.0 140.5 23.0 17.4 *2.0 2.5 Texas .........: 1,547.1 *1,634.0 934.9 1,012.8 612.2 621.2 *32.6 37.1 Virginia ......: 35.0 *42.7 - - 35.0 42.7 *0.6 0.7 : United States .: 4,300.3 *4,148.8 2,526.5 2,277.9 1,773.8 1,870.9 *58.6 67.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2009. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2005-2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State : 2005 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Arkansas .......: 138 93 146 144 198 Georgia ........: 139 183 185 146 186 Louisiana ......: 118 127 136 147 135 Mississippi ....: 73 68 103 118 116 North Carolina .: 189 184 134 195 150 Texas ..........: 59 56 52 65 37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2005-2009 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2005 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 811 859 790 943 1,051 October ............: 728 814 839 810 814 November ...........: 733 849 849 852 803 December ...........: 733 824 849 846 794 Final ..............: 733 824 849 846 794 : : Georgia : September ..........: 667 648 616 587 571 October ............: 689 675 570 613 731 November ...........: 767 774 707 733 712 December ...........: 767 790 708 742 737 Final ..............: 767 790 708 742 737 : Louisiana : September ..........: 746 760 796 655 714 October ............: 768 781 808 578 792 November ...........: 775 786 841 579 756 December ...........: 775 785 841 579 788 Final ..............: 775 785 841 579 788 : Mississippi : September ..........: 818 700 819 909 925 October ............: 729 699 745 679 833 November ...........: 724 695 747 728 717 December ...........: 722 695 747 722 722 Final ..............: 722 695 747 722 722 : North Carolina : September ..........: 799 637 527 667 701 October ............: 693 641 601 652 730 November ...........: 721 671 625 702 779 December ...........: 721 671 625 704 777 Final ..............: 721 671 625 704 777 : Texas : September ..........: 620 530 602 633 613 October ............: 516 477 538 513 522 November ...........: 586 533 631 579 502 December ...........: 585 544 632 573 502 Final ..............: 585 544 632 573 502 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 3,567.0 3,273.0 3,113.0 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 86,482.0 88,798.0 *79,590.0 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 5,605.0 Hay, all .......................: (NA) (NA) 59,755.0 60,460.0 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 21,227.0 All other ....................: (NA) 38,528.0 Oats ...........................: 3,404.0 3,364.0 1,379.0 Proso millet ...................: 350.0 293.0 Rice ...........................: 3,135.0 3,411.0 3,103.0 Rye ............................: 1,241.0 252.0 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 6,633.0 6,360.0 5,520.0 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 254.0 Wheat, all .....................: 59,133.0 53,827.0 49,868.0 Winter .......................: 43,311.0 37,698.0 34,485.0 31,786.0 Durum ........................: 2,554.0 2,223.0 2,428.0 Other spring .................: 13,268.0 13,906.0 12,955.0 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 827.0 1,228.1 814.0 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 317.0 420.0 314.0 Mustard seed ...................: 51.5 49.8 Peanuts ........................: 1,116.0 1,201.0 1,081.0 Rapeseed .......................: 1.0 0.9 Safflower ......................: 175.0 165.5 Soybeans for beans .............: 77,451.0 78,098.0 76,372.0 Sunflower ......................: 2,030.0 2,181.0 1,953.5 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all ....................: *9,149.5 10,505.0 *7,528.7 Upland .......................: *9,008.1 10,315.0 *7,390.5 American Pima ................: *141.4 190.0 *138.2 Sugarbeets .....................: 1,183.2 1,174.2 1,145.3 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 877.7 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) *354.2 334.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 20.5 29.5 13.7 Dry edible beans ...............: 1,537.5 1,766.6 1,463.0 Dry edible peas ................: 863.3 837.0 837.9 Lentils ........................: 415.0 510.0 407.0 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 6.3 Hops ...........................: (NA) 39.7 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 69.8 Potatoes, all ..................: 1,069.5 1,044.7 Winter .......................: 9.0 8.7 Spring .......................: 79.2 91.9 73.7 89.6 Summer .......................: 44.2 42.7 Fall .........................: 937.1 919.6 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 20.5 Sweet potatoes .................: 109.6 117.1 97.7 Taro (Hawaii) 2/ ...............: (NA) 0.4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 73.0 227,323 Corn for grain ..................bushels: *164.7 *13,110,062 Corn for silage ....................tons: 19.3 108,209 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.47 147,442 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.35 71,030 All other ........................tons: 1.98 76,412 Oats ............................bushels: 67.5 93,081 Proso millet ....................bushels: 33.7 9,865 Rice 1/ .............................cwt: 7,085 219,850 Rye .............................bushels: 27.8 6,993 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 69.4 382,983 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 14.5 3,680 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 44.4 2,216,171 Winter ........................bushels: 44.2 45.9 1,522,718 1,458,350 Durum .........................bushels: 44.9 109,042 Other spring ..................bushels: 45.1 584,411 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,811 1,474,130 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) *4,148.8 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 23.6 7,423 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 991 49,364 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,412 3,688,350 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,700 1,530 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,462 241,970 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 44.0 3,359,011 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,554 3,036,460 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ ....................bales: *777 *12,187.5 Upland 1/ .......................bales: *766 *11,787.6 American Pima 1/ ................bales: *1,389 *399.9 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 25.8 29,519 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 34.4 30,151 Tobacco ..........................pounds: *2,322 *822,567 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas 1/ .............cwt: 1,328 182 Dry edible beans 1/ .................cwt: 1,733 25,360 Dry edible peas 1/ ..................cwt: 2,045 17,137 Lentils 1/ ..........................cwt: 1,440 5,859 Wrinkled seed peas ..................cwt: (NA) 874 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ..................pounds: 1,270 8,000 Hops .............................pounds: 2,383 94,677.9 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 91 6,379 Potatoes, all .......................cwt: 413 431,478 Winter ............................cwt: 245 2,132 Spring ............................cwt: 289 291 21,321 26,060 Summer ............................cwt: 340 14,522 Fall ..............................cwt: 428 393,503 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 2,698 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 201 19,647 Taro (Hawaii) ....................pounds: (NA) 4,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,443,530 1,324,550 1,259,800 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:34,998,400 35,935,660 *32,209,280 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,268,290 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 24,182,250 24,467,560 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 8,590,350 All other ....................: (NA) 15,591,900 Oats ...........................: 1,377,560 1,361,380 558,070 Proso millet ...................: 141,640 118,570 Rice ...........................: 1,268,700 1,380,400 1,255,750 Rye ............................: 502,220 101,980 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,684,310 2,573,830 2,233,890 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 102,790 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:23,930,530 21,783,250 20,181,080 Winter .......................:17,527,530 15,256,000 13,955,730 12,863,480 Durum ........................: 1,033,580 899,630 982,590 Other spring .................: 5,369,430 5,627,620 5,242,760 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 334,680 497,000 329,420 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 128,290 169,970 127,070 Mustard seed ...................: 20,840 20,150 Peanuts ........................: 451,630 486,030 437,470 Rapeseed .......................: 400 360 Safflower ......................: 70,820 66,980 Soybeans for beans .............:31,343,650 31,605,480 30,906,980 Sunflower ......................: 821,520 882,630 790,560 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................:*3,702,710 4,251,270 *3,046,790 Upland .......................:*3,645,490 4,174,380 *2,990,860 American Pima ................: *57,220 76,890 *55,930 Sugarbeets .....................: 478,830 475,190 463,490 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 355,200 Tobacco .......................: (NA) (NA) *143,360 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 8,300 11,940 5,540 Dry edible beans ...............: 622,210 714,930 592,060 Dry edible peas ................: 349,370 338,730 339,090 Lentils ........................: 167,950 206,390 164,710 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 2,550 Hops ...........................: (NA) 16,080 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 28,250 Potatoes, all 2/ ...............: 432,820 422,780 Winter .......................: 3,640 3,520 Spring .......................: 32,050 37,190 29,830 36,260 Summer .......................: 17,890 17,280 Fall .........................: 379,230 372,150 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 8,300 Sweet potatoes .................: 44,350 47,390 39,540 Taro (Hawaii) 3/ ...............: (NA) 180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 3/ Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .................................: 3.93 4,949,370 Corn for grain .........................: *10.34 *333,010,910 Corn for silage ........................: 43.28 98,165,550 Hay, all 1/ ............................: 5.53 133,757,130 Alfalfa ..............................: 7.50 64,437,330 All other ............................: 4.45 69,319,800 Oats ...................................: 2.42 1,351,070 Proso millet ...........................: 1.89 223,730 Rice ...................................: 7.94 9,972,230 Rye ....................................: 1.74 177,630 Sorghum for grain ......................: 4.35 9,728,220 Sorghum for silage .....................: 32.48 3,338,440 Wheat, all 1/ ..........................: 2.99 60,314,290 Winter ...............................: 2.97 3.09 41,441,590 39,689,780 Durum ................................: 3.02 2,967,640 Other spring .........................: 3.03 15,905,060 : Oilseeds : Canola .................................: 2.03 668,650 Cottonseed .............................: (X) *3,763,730 Flaxseed ...............................: 1.48 188,550 Mustard seed ...........................: 1.11 22,390 Peanuts ................................: 3.82 1,673,010 Rapeseed ...............................: 1.91 690 Safflower ..............................: 1.64 109,760 Soybeans for beans .....................: 2.96 91,417,300 Sunflower ..............................: 1.74 1,377,320 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ .........................: *0.87 *2,653,520 Upland ...............................: *0.86 *2,566,450 American Pima ........................: *1.56 *87,070 Sugarbeets .............................: 57.78 26,779,190 Sugarcane ..............................: 77.01 27,352,530 Tobacco ................................: *2.60 *373,110 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...................: 1.49 8,260 Dry edible beans .......................: 1.94 1,150,310 Dry edible peas ........................: 2.29 777,320 Lentils ................................: 1.61 265,760 Wrinkled seed peas .....................: (NA) 39,640 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ........................: 1.42 3,630 Hops ...................................: 2.67 42,950 Peppermint oil .........................: 0.10 2,890 Potatoes, all 1/ .......................: 46.29 19,571,510 Winter ...............................: 27.47 96,710 Spring ...............................: 32.43 32.60 967,100 1,182,060 Summer ...............................: 38.12 658,710 Fall .................................: 47.96 17,849,000 Spearmint oil ..........................: 0.15 1,220 Sweet potatoes .........................: 22.54 891,170 Taro (Hawaii) ..........................: (NA) 1,810 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Production may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :-------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit .................................tons: 1,548.0 1,304.0 1,203.0 Lemons .....................................tons: 619.0 912.0 855.0 Oranges ....................................tons: 10,076.0 9,128.0 8,203.0 Tangelos (Florida) .........................tons: 68.0 52.0 41.0 Tangerines and mandarins ...................tons: 527.0 443.0 572.0 : Noncitrus : Apples ...................................pounds: 9,609.3 9,953.6 Apricots ...................................tons: 81.6 68.3 Bananas (Hawaii) .........................pounds: 17,400.0 *18,500.0 Grapes .....................................tons: 7,319.3 7,067.6 Olives (California) ........................tons: 66.8 42.8 Papayas (Hawaii) .........................pounds: 33,500.0 *31,500.0 Peaches ....................................tons: 1,135.3 1,105.7 Pears ......................................tons: 869.9 936.2 Prunes, dried (California) .................tons: 129.0 157.0 Prunes and plums (excludes California) .....tons: 15.5 18.8 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ............pounds: 1,630,000.0 *1,410,000.0 1,530,000.0 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...............tons: 32.0 47.0 Pecans, in-shell .........................pounds: 194,080.0 290,500.0 Walnuts, in-shell (California) .............tons: 436.0 415.0 Maple syrup .............................gallons: 1,912.0 2,327.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :-------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ..............................: 1,404,320 1,182,970 1,091,340 Lemons ..................................: 561,550 827,350 775,640 Oranges .................................: 9,140,790 8,280,780 7,441,640 Tangelos (Florida) ......................: 61,690 47,170 37,190 Tangerines and mandarins ................: 478,090 401,880 518,910 : Noncitrus : Apples ..................................: 4,358,710 4,514,880 Apricots ................................: 74,040 61,980 Bananas (Hawaii) ........................: 7,890 *8,390 Grapes ..................................: 6,639,920 6,411,660 Olives (California) .....................: 60,600 38,830 Papayas (Hawaii) ........................: 15,200 *14,290 Peaches .................................: 1,029,940 1,003,090 Pears ...................................: 789,110 849,320 Prunes, dried (California) ..............: 117,030 142,430 Prunes and plums (excludes California) ..: 14,060 17,060 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ...........: 739,360 *639,570 694,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ............: 29,030 42,640 Pecans, in-shell ........................: 88,030 131,770 Walnuts in-shell (California) ...........: 395,530 376,480 Maple syrup .............................: 9,560 11,630 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revised. 1/ Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010. April Weather Summary Much of the eastern half of the Nation experienced a drying trend during April, promoting a rapid planting pace but limiting moisture for crop emergence and establishment. In fact, United States corn planting proceeded at a record pace during the second half of April, with half the crop planted by April 25 and more than two-thirds (68 percent) in the ground on May 2. Previous records, set in 2004, had been 37 and 50 percent, respectively, for those two dates. Toward month's end, however, torrential rainfall overspread the Mid-South, particularly from western and central Tennessee into Kentucky. Mid-South rainfall totals in excess of a foot triggered record flooding, but largely bypassed major production areas for crops such as corn and soft red winter wheat. In addition, little cotton had been planted in the northern Delta at the time of the deluge. In contrast, drought expanded and intensified during April in an area centered on Louisiana, where year-to-date precipitation deficits locally surpassed 10 inches. Meanwhile, most of the Plains' winter wheat crop continued to experience favorable growing conditions, with moderate temperatures, frequent showers, and abundant soil moisture reserves. Elsewhere, near- to above-normal monthly precipitation totals were common across the western half of the United States, except in the Southwest. Cool weather accompanied the Western precipitation, resulting in fieldwork and crop developmental delays. However, the late-season storminess also improved water-supply prospects in drought-affected areas of the interior Northwest. April temperatures ranged from more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit below normal in parts of California to as much as 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit above normal from the Midwest into the Northeast. According to preliminary information provided by the National Climatic Data Center, record-setting April warmth occurred in Illinois, New Jersey, and three New England States. April Agricultural Summary The month of April delivered abnormally warm temperatures to much of the country east of the Rocky Mountains, allowing spring fieldwork in numerous States to advance at a pace well ahead of normal. The majority of the Great Lakes States, as well as areas in the Corn Belt and along the northern Atlantic Coast recorded temperatures averaging as many as 8 degrees above normal. Conversely, temperatures in Arizona, Nevada, and along the Pacific Coast fell to as many as 6 degrees below normal. Above average precipitation fell on much of the western half of the United States during the month. Most notably, the majority of California accumulated 400 percent or more of its normal precipitation total helping to alleviate prolonged drought conditions and boosting small grain growth. Elsewhere, abnormally dry weather led to monthly rainfall totaling 75 percent of normal or less for much of the Nation east of the Mississippi River. Nationally, 3 percent of the 2010 corn crop was planted by April 11, compared with 2 percent last year and 4 percent for the 5-year average. With warm, mostly dry weather conditions prevailing across much of the major corn-producing regions, planting progress exploded during the latter half of the month as producers rushed to get as much seed in the ground as possible ahead of approaching late-month thunderstorms. By April 25, producers had planted 50 percent of the Nation's corn crop, the earliest date on record that planting had progressed to the midpoint. Emergence had advanced to 7 percent complete by April 25, ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On May 2, sixty-eight percent of the corn crop was planted, 28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, and 19 percent had emerged, 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With activity limited to Texas and the Delta States of Arkansas and Louisiana, 16 percent of the sorghum crop was planted by April 4, slightly behind both last year and the 5-year average. In Texas, the second largest sorghum-producing State, wet fields and abnormally cool temperatures throughout March had delayed the start of planting to one week behind normal by April 4. Above average temperatures and sunny skies allowed for rapid mid-month planting in the Delta, while warmer, drier weather was needed in the Coastal Bend region of Texas to promote crop growth and to help dry saturated fields. Toward month's end, planting was underway in all estimating States except Nebraska and South Dakota. By May 2, producers had planted 33 percent of the Nation's sorghum crop, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As April began, oat producers were busy seeding their crop in 7 of the 9 major producing States. In Texas, the largest oat-producing State, seeding and emergence were complete, with 11 percent of the crop headed by April 4. Nationwide, emergence had advanced to 28 percent complete by April 11, equaling progress from both last year and the 5-year average. Warm temperatures mid-month promoted increased fieldwork and aided emergence throughout much of the growing region. By May 2, producers had seeded 82 percent of the 2010 crop and emergence had advanced to 60 percent complete, both well ahead of last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 69 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on May 2, compared with 35 percent from the same time last year. By April 18, barley producers had seeded 18 percent of the Nation's crop, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Seeding was most advanced in Washington where above average temperatures and mostly dry weather throughout much of February and March led to fieldwork beginning earlier than normal. In contrast, cool, wet conditions and late-spring snow showers hampered fieldwork in the largest barley-producing area of Idaho, pushing seeding to nearly one week behind normal. Ideal weather conditions allowed for rapid late-month seeding in all estimating States, and by May 2, fifty-one percent of the barley crop was seeded, well ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Emergence had advanced to 16 percent complete, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nationally, 6 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 18, seven percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant mid-month delay existed in Arkansas where seeding setbacks following the harvest of soybeans during the fall prevented the crop from reaching normal maturity before winter dormancy. Although double-digit delays remained in Arkansas, North Carolina, and Oklahoma, mostly favorable late-month growing conditions promoted head development of 19 percentage points or more during the week ending April 25. By May 2, twenty-seven percent of this year's crop was at or beyond the heading stage, on par with last year's progress but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 68 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on May 2, down slightly from ratings on April 4 but 21 percentage points better than a year ago. Spring wheat producers in the 6 major estimating States seeded 40 percent of the 2010 crop from April 18 to May 2. Similar to barley, mid-month seeding progress was most advanced in Minnesota and Washington. Despite rapid seeding progress during the week ending April 25, progress in Idaho remained 8 percentage points, or over 4 days behind normal. By May 2, sixty percent of the Nation's spring wheat crop was seeded and 23 percent had emerged, both ahead of last year and the 5-year average. While producers in California were busy preparing fields, rice seeding was underway in the Delta and Texas and by April 4, fourteen percent of the Nation's crop was seeded. Ideal seeding conditions early in the month led to double-digit seeding progress in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, but cool overnight temperatures in the rice-producing areas of Louisiana and Texas hampered emergence, leaving overall progress well behind normal on April 11. Seeding was complete on 76 percent of this year's intended rice acreage by May 2, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, emergence had advanced to 52 percent complete, but remained one week or more behind normal in California and Texas. Soybean producers in the 18 major estimating States were busy planting this year's crop by the end of April, as above average temperatures and dry weather provided ideal conditions for fieldwork. By May 2, fifteen percent of the Nation's crop was in the ground, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 2, peanut planting was underway in all estimating States, with progress on par with or ahead of normal everywhere except Alabama, South Carolina, and Virginia. At 12 percent complete, planting progress was 3 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was most advanced in Florida, with progress in central areas of the State further along than in the Big Bend and Panhandle regions. With activity limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, cotton producers had planted 4 percent of the 2010 crop by April 4, on par with last year's progress but slightly behind the 5-year average. While field preparations were ongoing in the High and Low Plains of Texas, abnormally cool overnight temperatures early in the month left much of the crop in the Coastal Bend region lacking the heat units needed for seed germination and crop emergence. Elsewhere, above average temperatures and dry conditions mid-month afforded producers in areas of the Delta and Southeast ample time to begin planting their crop. Drier conditions toward month's end allowed for a quickened planting pace in Texas. Nationally, 26 percent of the cotton crop was planted by May 2, ahead of both last year and the 5-year average, with progress underway in all estimating States except Kansas. Producers had planted 17 percent of the 2010 sugarbeet crop by April 11, well ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. In Michigan, an abnormally mild winter led to early fieldwork, leaving planting progress, at 98 percent complete, 52 percentage points ahead of normal on April 18. Warm, mostly dry weather toward the end of April provided ideal fieldwork conditions in Minnesota and North Dakota, the two largest sugarbeet-producing States, giving producers ample time to plant a significant portion of their crop. By May 2, planting had advanced to 96 percent complete, 58 percentage points ahead of last year and 37 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Progress was behind normal in Idaho where below average temperatures in previous weeks had slowed planting. Crop Comments Winter Wheat: Production is forecast at 1.46 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2009. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 45.9 bushels per acre, up 1.7 bushels from the previous year. Expected grain area totals 31.8 million acres, down 8 percent from last year. As of May 2, sixty-eight percent of the United States winter wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 points above the same week in 2009, and heading had reached 27 percent in the 18 major producing States, 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In the southern Great Plains States, mostly adequate rainfall this spring along with moderate temperatures allowed for good crop development. Record snowfall in Oklahoma aided the crop throughout the early growing season. Crop conditions improved from last year in all of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing States. As of May 2, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Oklahoma and Texas was 66 and 46 points above last year, respectively. The crop in the northern Great Plains States had adequate snow cover with limited winter kill reported. Yields are forecasted to be up from 2009 in Montana, Oklahoma, and Texas, down in Colorado and Nebraska, and unchanged in Kansas. The delayed fall seeding in many of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States led to emergence lagging behind the 5-year average. Precipitation has been lower than normal across much of the Corn Belt. The percent of crop rated good to excellent declined from last year in Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. Yields are expected to be up from 2009 in Illinois, down in Missouri, and unchanged in Ohio. A cool, wet spring in the Pacific Northwest has caused crop development to be slightly behind the 5-year average in Oregon and Washington. Yields are forecasted to be up from 2009 in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 18.9 million bushels, down 36 percent from the previous year. As of May 2, Durum in Arizona was 90 percent headed, 5 points ahead of the 5-year average. Scattered incidents of high winds causing lodging were reported in California. Corn: Survey respondents who reported corn acreage as not yet harvested in North Dakota and South Dakota during the survey conducted in preparation for the Crop Production 2009 Summary were re-contacted in late April to determine how many of the acres were actually harvested or still intended for harvest, and to record the actual production from those acres. Based on this updated information, several changes were made to the estimates published in the Crop Production 2009 Summary. Because unharvested production is a component of on-farm stocks, changes were made to the December 1 on-farm stocks levels comparable with the production adjustments as well. Corn harvested area declined 10,000 acres in North Dakota and 20,000 acres in South Dakota from the Crop Production 2009 Summary. The estimated average yield in North Dakota of 115 bushels per acre is down 4 bushels from the previous estimate. The South Dakota average yield of 151 is down 2 bushels from the previous estimate. As a result of these changes, corn production in the United States is estimated at 13.1 billion bushels, down fractionally from the previous estimate. The United States average yield per acre, of 164.7, is down 0.2 bushel from the previous estimate. Hay Stocks on Farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2010 totaled 20.9 million tons, down 5 percent from a year ago. Disappearance from December 1, 2009-May 1, 2010 totaled 86.3 million tons, compared with 81.6 million tons for the same period a year ago. Compared with last year, hay stocks increased in the Tennessee Valley, Ohio Valley, Rocky Mountains, and much of the Southwest. Stock increases in these areas were largely attributed to improved spring pasture conditions and in many cases, higher 2009 hay production. Stocks in Kentucky and Rhode Island showed the largest increases with 116 and 100 percent, respectively. Hay stocks were down in the southern Great Plains, Mississippi Valley, Great Lakes, Delta, and most Atlantic Coast States. A harsh, snowy winter in many States in these areas caused hay stocks to dwindle as producers were forced to feed more hay due to the lack of available winter pastures. Hay stocks were also lower compared with May 1, 2009 in California, Washington, and Utah. Overall, the greatest percentage declines occurred in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas. Almonds: The 2010 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.53 billion pounds, up 9 percent from the revised 2009 production of 1.41 billion. Bearing acreage, at 740,000, increased 3 percent from the revised 720,000 acres for 2009. The average yield is forecast at 2,070 pounds per acre, up 110 pounds from last year. Despite variable spring weather in 2010, growers reported few negative effects on the coming almond crop. Bee activity was reported to have been hampered slightly by the rain, while overlap of varieties was excellent. Nut sets looked good. Wet weather increased concerns about fungal infections and rot, but additional sprays have kept the problem under control. Overall, the trees are growing well and the crop is developing in good condition. California Peaches: The California 2010 peach crop is forecast at 765,000 tons, down 6 percent from 2009. The California Freestone crop is forecast at 365,000 tons, up 5 percent from last year. Growers reported an adequate number of chilling hours for the Freestone crop. Bloom started quickly, but was slowed by cool spring temperatures which caused pollination problems. Hail damage occurred in various growing areas throughout the spring. Despite these problems, growers are still expecting a larger crop than last year's freeze damaged crop. Harvest began during the middle of April with Super Lady and Snow Angel varieties. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 400,000 tons, down 15 percent from last year and 6 percent below the 2008 crop. Full bloom was declared on March 9, 2010, six days later than 2009. The 2010 bloom was not as strong as last year and occurred over a longer period of time. Rain and colder than normal spring temperatures slowed crop development. Extra Early and Early varieties appear to be sizing well, but with a lighter fruit set than last year's crop. The cool, rainy weather forced growers to spray to control diseases. Bananas: The revised Hawaii banana production estimate for 2009 is 18.5 million pounds, up 20 percent from the preliminary estimate and up 6 percent from the previous year. Harvested area totaled 1,100 acres in 2009, unchanged from the previous year. Drought conditions in Hawaii in 2009 prompted heavy irrigation of the banana crop. Growers report that banana bunchy top virus continued to be a problem. Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2009 is estimated at 2.10 million pounds, 40 percent lower than the 2008 utilized production. Harvested area totaled 135 acres, down 16 percent from the previous season. Yield averaged 15,600 pounds per acre, compared with 21,900 pounds per acre in 2008. Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2009 crop year is estimated at 4.00 million pounds, down 7 percent from the previous year. Area in crop, at 445 acres, is up 14 percent from 2008. Heavy rains adversely affected several taro patches on the island. Other areas were affected by dry weather conditions. Growers report that apple snails and leaf blight continue to be problems. The mixed weather conditions, pests, and disease hampered taro production in 2009. Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2009-2010 United States grapefruit crop is 1.20 million tons, up 3 percent from the April 1 forecast but down 8 percent from the 2008-2009 crop. Florida's grapefruit production is forecast at 19.8 million boxes (842,000 tons), up 4 percent from the April 1 forecast but 9 percent below last season. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.80 million boxes (247,000 tons), up 5 percent from April 1 but down 12 percent from the previous year. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is up 4 percent from the previous forecast but 7 percent below last season. As of May 1, approximately 93 percent of the white grapefruit crop and 96 percent of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 572,000 tons, up 3 percent from the previous forecast and 29 percent above the 2008-2009 crop. The Florida tangerine forecast is 4.50 million boxes (214,000 tons), up 10 percent from the April 1 forecast and up 17 percent from the previous season. Utilization and survey data indicate the Florida tangerine harvest is nearly complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin production forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangelos: Florida's tangelo forecast is 900,000 boxes (41,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 22 percent from last season's final utilization. If realized, this will be the smallest tangelo crop since 1962, when Florida experienced a damaging December freeze. Florida citrus: High temperatures in the citrus growing regions ranged between 80 and 90 degrees all month. Low temperatures were mostly in the 40's and 50's. Adequate rainfall was received during April. Harvest of Murcott tangerines and navel oranges neared completion. Valencia orange harvest continued. Almost all of the processing plants are still open. Valencia oranges and grapefruit make up the majority of fruit going to processing plants. Grove activities included harvesting, psyllid treatment, hedging and topping, fertilizer applications, and brush removal. California citrus: By the end of April, harvest of navel oranges and tangerines was slowing down. Picking of Valencia oranges and lemons continued, while the grapefruit harvest was completed. The citrus bloom was ongoing as cool weather lengthened its duration. California noncitrus fruits and nuts: The bloom for plums, prunes, peaches, and cherries was complete in most of the Central Valley. Herbicide applications were ongoing in prune orchards. Preparations were made for the cherry harvest, while some growers reported concerns about the crop due to recent inclement weather. Many strawberry fields continued to set fruit, while harvest began in the San Joaquin Valley. Blueberries continued to bloom and develop in the San Joaquin Valley. The almond bloom ended throughout the Central Valley with reports of a healthy set. In early April, budding was observed in wine grape vineyards along the Central Coast and in the Central Valley. Pruning and row cultivation of grapevines neared completion. Irrigation, fungicide applications, and thinning to increase light exposure were ongoing in wine grape vineyards in the Central Valley. Table grape vineyards were also irrigated and showed good development. Pest traps continued to be placed in almond orchards and irrigation was ongoing in some areas. Miticides were applied in almond orchards. Walnut blight applications continued as early walnut varieties began to bloom. Blooming was also observed in pistachio orchards, while growers began applying fungicide sprays. Normal ground maintenance was ongoing in orchards and vineyards, which included thinning to increase light exposure and fertilizer application. Spring potatoes: Production for 2010 is forecast at 26.1 million cwt, up 2 percent from the April forecast and 22 percent from 2009, however beginning in 2010 California winter and summer season potatoes are included in the spring season total. Area for harvest is forecast at 89,600 acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but 22 percent above 2009. The average yield of 291 cwt per acre is up 5 cwt from the April forecast and 2 cwt more than 2009. Florida's production is forecast at 7.55 million cwt, unchanged from the April forecast. Standing water in some fields delayed field activity in the Hastings area late January. Growers in the other potato growing area expected a normal growing season. California spring potato production is forecast at 12.25 million cwt, up 4 percent from the previous forecast. Growers reported good conditions and a normal crop year. North Carolina growers are expected to produce 3.26 million cwt of spring potatoes, unchanged from the April forecast. As of May 2, 2010, crop condition was rated mostly good with topsoil moisture as mostly adequate. Production in Texas is forecast at 1.97 million cwt and Arizona at 1.04 million cwt, both remain unchanged from the April forecast. Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2009 totaled 823 million pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate but 3 percent above 2008. Harvested area is estimated at 354,240 acres, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate but down slightly from the previous year. Yield per acre averaged 2,322 pounds, down 3 pounds from the January preliminary estimate but 64 pounds above 2008. Flue-cured production totaled 525 million pounds, slightly below the January preliminary estimate. This is 5 percent more than in 2008 when 499 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 224,000 acres, slightly above the previous year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,346 pounds per acre, up 107 pounds from 2008. North Carolina, the leading producer of flue-cured tobacco, produced 418 million pounds, approximately 79 percent of all flue- cured production. Burley production, which accounted for 98 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 215 million pounds. This is up slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 7 percent above 2008. Producers of burley tobacco harvested 101,900 acres in 2009, up 5 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 2,109 pounds per acre, 42 pounds above 2008. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 161 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all burley grown in the United States. Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 53.0 million pounds, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate but 15 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 16,150 acres, down 13 percent from 2008. Fire-cured yields averaged 3,281 pounds per acre, down 63 pounds from the previous year. This is the third highest yield on record. Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 4.83 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 28 percent above 2008. Pennsylvania growers harvested 2,100 acres, up 17 percent from last year. Yields averaged 2,300 pounds per acre, up 200 pounds from the previous year. Revised dark air-cured production totaled 17.0 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 33 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 5,800 acres in 2009, down 32 percent from 2008. Yield per acre averaged 2,938 pounds, down 43 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured tobacco, produced 13.8 million pounds in 2009, accounting for approximately 81 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco grown in the United States. Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 7.41 million pounds, up 3 percent from the January preliminary estimate but 12 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 4,290 acres in 2009, down 16 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,728 pounds per acre, 69 pounds above 2008. 2009 Cotton Final: Upland cotton production is estimated at 11.8 million 480-pound bales, down 5 percent from last year. The United States yield for upland cotton is estimated at 766 pounds per acre, down 37 pounds from 2008. Harvested area, at 7.39 million acres, is down less than 1 percent from last year. Upland growers in the Southeastern States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) finished planting by mid-June. During the early summer months, producers experienced hot, dry conditions, but by the end of summer, cool, wet weather dominated the region delaying crop development. By the middle of September, harvest was underway in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, but had not started in Georgia and Alabama, well behind the 5-year average. By the middle of October, defoliation and harvest was underway throughout the region. Harvest was complete by the end of December, well behind normal. Producers in Georgia reported record high yields, surpassing the record set in 2005. North Carolina and Virginia producers also reported record high yields, surpassing the records set in 2004. Objective yield data in Georgia showed boll weights to be the largest on record. In North Carolina, objective yield measurements showed the boll count per acre and the boll weight to be the largest on record. In the Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the middle of June. The later planted crop lagged behind in development throughout the summer and into the fall. During the early part of September, the region was hit with cool weather and excessive rain, further delaying crop development. By early October, harvest began throughout the region and neared completion by the end of November, well behind normal. The objective yield data showed Mississippi bolls per acre to be slightly below average but boll weights were the largest on record. In Louisiana, bolls per acre were the second highest in the last 10 years. Texas producers finished planting the upland crop by the end of June. In South Texas, producers battled extreme drought conditions throughout the summer. By late July, harvest was underway and was complete by the end of August. In the Texas Panhandle, hot weather coupled with timely summer rains allowed the upland cotton crop to develop ahead of normal. However, the region received cooler than normal weather during the early fall and development began to lag behind the 5-year average. By the end of October, the region received the first freeze and ideal weather allowed harvest to progress rapidly. Harvest in Texas was complete by the end December, ahead of normal. Objective yield measurements in Texas showed bolls per acre to be the lowest in the last 5 years with boll weights the lowest in the last 4 years. In Kansas and Oklahoma, producers finished planting by late June. Throughout the growing season, the upland crop developed behind normal. In Oklahoma, harvest got underway in late September and was complete by the end of November. Kansas producers started harvest in early November and completed harvest by the end of December. Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-June. The upland crop developed slightly behind normal throughout the summer. By the end August, hot dry weather aided development and the crop progressed ahead of normal. In Arizona, producers began harvest activities by the last of August, ahead of normal. In California, harvest was underway by the end of September. Harvest throughout the region was complete by the beginning of December. American-Pima producers planted 141,400 acres, down 19 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 138,200 acres, is down 18 percent from last year. Production is estimated at 399,900 bales (480-pound), down 7 percent from last year. The United States yield is estimated at 1,389 pounds per acre, up 163 pounds from last year. Producers finished planting by the end of May. The crop developed normally throughout the summer and fall. Harvest was underway by late September and was complete by the end of January. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2009 totaled 4.15 million tons, down 4 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 55 percent of the disposition. The remaining 45 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 22 and May 6 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,300 producers representing all major production areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of- season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.0 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 7.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.2 percent. Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 90 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude the five abnormal production seasons (three freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.8 percent, or 3.0 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 141,000 tons (159,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or excluding abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 5 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section.................................. (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice.......................................... (202) 720-7688 Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................ (202) 720-5944 Bryan Durham - Hay, Oats................................................ (202) 690-3234 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed........................ (202) 720-9526 Nick Schauer - Wheat, Rye............................................... (202) 720-8068 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................... (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section...... (202) 720-2127 Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries.. (202) 720-2157 Fred Granja - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ....... (202) 720-4288 Dawn Keen - Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts .............. (202) 720-4215 Steve Maliszewski - Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits............. (202) 720-5412 Tierra Mobley - Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ......... (202) 720-4285 Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mints, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .......... (202) 720-3250 Kim Ritchie - Hops...................................................... (360) 902-1940 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Receive NASS Updates" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free (800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.