Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 11, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from 2010 Orange Production Down 1 Percent from April Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Expected area for harvest as grain or seed totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from last year. Hard Red Winter, at 762 million bushels, is down 25 percent from 2010. Soft Red Winter, at 427 million bushels, is up 80 percent from last year. White Winter is up 3 percent from last year and totals 235 million bushels. Of this total, 11.7 million bushels are Hard White and 224 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 8.82 million tons, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but 7 percent above the 2009-2010 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 140 million boxes (6.30 million tons), is down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but 5 percent above last season's final utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), unchanged from April but 2 percent higher than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), is down 3 percent from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. In Florida, fruit size is projected to be below average while droppage is projected to be above average. The monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of early, midseason, and navel oranges is complete, while approximately 50 percent of the Valencia crop is harvested. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April. Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 1.58 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 1 percent from last season's final yield of 1.56 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.52 gallons per box, up 1 percent from last season's yield of 1.51 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.66 gallons per box, 2 percent higher than last year's final yield of 1.63 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. This report was approved on May 11, 2011. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Kathleen A. Merrigan Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011..................................................................................... 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011..................................................................................... 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2009-2011....................................................... 6 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011............................ 7 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2009-2010 and Forecasted May 1, 2011................................................................................................ 9 Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted May 1, 2011..................................................................................... 10 Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2009 and 2010........... 10 Peach Production by Crop - California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011.............................. 10 Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011........................... 10 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009 and 2010.................... 11 Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2009 and 2010.......................................... 11 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010.. 12 Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010........................ 13 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010................ 14 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010....................... 15 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2009 and 2010....................... 16 Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2006-2010.................................................. 16 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2006-2010................................................. 17 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)............................ 18 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units).................................. 19 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units).............................. 20 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units).................................... 21 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)................................. 22 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)................................... 23 Percent of Normal Precipitation............................................................................ 24 Departure from Normal Temperature.......................................................................... 24 April Weather Summary...................................................................................... 25 April Agricultural Summary................................................................................. 25 Crop Comments.............................................................................................. 27 Statistical Methodology.................................................................................... 31 Information Contacts....................................................................................... 33 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- -------- 1,000 bushels -------- : Arkansas ........: 150 450 54.0 52.0 17,160 8,100 23,400 California ......: 360 460 80.0 85.0 26,400 28,800 39,100 Colorado ........: 2,350 2,150 45.0 30.0 98,000 105,750 64,500 Georgia .........: 125 180 40.0 49.0 10,500 5,000 8,820 Idaho ...........: 710 790 82.0 79.0 56,700 58,220 62,410 Illinois ........: 295 730 56.0 61.0 45,920 16,520 44,530 Indiana .........: 230 390 60.0 64.0 30,150 13,800 24,960 Kansas ..........: 8,000 7,700 45.0 34.0 369,600 360,000 261,800 Kentucky ........: 250 410 66.0 66.0 22,230 16,500 27,060 Maryland ........: 135 220 60.0 67.0 11,700 8,100 14,740 : Michigan ........: 510 680 70.0 73.0 39,330 35,700 49,640 Mississippi .....: 100 300 47.0 53.0 8,250 4,700 15,900 Missouri ........: 280 720 45.0 52.0 34,310 12,600 37,440 Montana .........: 1,950 2,150 48.0 44.0 89,540 93,600 94,600 Nebraska ........: 1,490 1,350 43.0 42.0 76,800 64,070 56,700 New York ........: 100 105 67.0 64.0 6,825 6,700 6,720 North Carolina ..: 380 630 37.0 57.0 29,400 14,060 35,910 North Dakota ....: 320 310 55.0 54.0 26,160 17,600 16,740 Ohio ............: 750 860 61.0 69.0 70,560 45,750 59,340 Oklahoma ........: 3,900 3,400 31.0 22.0 77,000 120,900 74,800 : Oregon ..........: 810 810 67.0 69.0 42,000 54,270 55,890 Pennsylvania ....: 150 160 59.0 59.0 9,800 8,850 9,440 South Carolina ..: 130 190 36.0 47.0 7,050 4,680 8,930 South Dakota ....: 1,300 1,550 49.0 46.0 64,260 63,700 71,300 Tennessee .......: 180 260 53.0 57.0 17,340 9,540 14,820 Texas ...........: 3,750 1,800 34.0 26.0 61,250 127,500 46,800 Virginia ........: 160 260 51.0 66.0 12,180 8,160 17,160 Washington ......: 1,710 1,770 69.0 65.0 96,760 117,990 115,050 Wisconsin .......: 230 305 64.0 67.0 21,420 14,720 20,435 : Other States 1/ .: 944 949 41.7 47.9 46,013 39,356 45,422 : United States ...: 31,749 32,039 46.8 44.5 1,524,608 1,485,236 1,424,357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2011 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 2011. Yield and production will be published in "Crop Production" released July 2011] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres --- bushels -- ------- 1,000 bushels ------- : Arizona ........: 79 69 115.0 105.0 12,400 9,085 7,245 California .....: 105 145 110.0 110.0 17,000 11,550 15,950 Montana ........: 530 34.0 16,585 18,020 North Dakota ...: 1,780 37.5 61,230 66,750 : Other States 1/ : 35 50.7 1,827 1,775 : United States ..: 2,529 42.4 109,042 107,180 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2011 Summary". Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2009-2011 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Crop : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ......: 919,939 1,018,337 761,954 Soft red ......: 403,984 237,804 427,123 Hard white ....: 18,248 13,496 11,675 Soft white ....: 182,437 215,599 223,605 : Spring : Hard red ......: 547,933 569,975 Hard white ....: 7,865 9,256 Soft white ....: 28,613 36,744 Durum .........: 109,042 107,180 : Total ...... : 2,218,061 2,208,391 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December 1 : May 1 State :-------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,540 1,700 1,200 375 192 187 Arizona .......: 475 500 365 50 60 40 Arkansas ......: 3,020 2,900 2,050 570 340 380 California ....: 2,380 2,400 1,850 470 432 160 Colorado ......: 1,975 2,500 2,000 400 650 450 Connecticut ...: 65 71 45 9 14 12 Delaware ......: 20 29 19 4 4 3 Florida .......: 587 535 477 58 40 45 Georgia .......: 1,319 1,374 1,360 238 210 188 Idaho .........: 2,012 2,750 2,300 450 775 280 : Illinois ......: 1,386 1,400 1,310 300 310 320 Indiana .......: 1,191 1,360 1,200 185 198 225 Iowa ..........: 3,918 3,100 3,050 750 420 610 Kansas ........: 5,700 5,400 4,500 1,350 1,200 1,000 Kentucky ......: 4,169 4,905 4,392 465 1,006 799 Louisiana .....: 921 710 700 60 60 110 Maine .........: 145 134 120 18 34 23 Maryland ......: 431 350 310 111 60 65 Massachusetts .: 77 75 63 12 9 10 Michigan ......: 1,998 1,451 2,000 450 330 420 : Minnesota .....: 3,891 3,570 3,700 790 630 810 Mississippi ...: 1,365 1,058 1,175 214 90 137 Missouri ......: 7,744 8,280 6,500 2,050 1,250 1,325 Montana .......: 3,831 4,100 5,500 590 720 1,300 Nebraska ......: 4,115 4,490 4,700 935 1,000 1,335 Nevada ........: 1,000 1,012 819 170 310 46 New Hampshire .: 70 45 40 8 7 6 New Jersey ....: 94 102 110 26 46 17 New Mexico ....: 600 570 520 105 125 100 New York ......: 1,453 1,582 1,744 420 400 273 : North Carolina : 962 1,523 1,157 311 296 253 North Dakota ..: 4,032 5,500 5,370 700 1,310 1,250 Ohio ..........: 1,992 2,013 1,790 325 350 390 Oklahoma ......: 4,595 4,435 4,550 1,000 650 1,200 Oregon ........: 1,561 2,200 2,100 270 420 280 Pennsylvania ..: 2,500 2,400 1,950 700 680 340 Rhode Island ..: 10 8 8 1 2 1 South Carolina : 451 590 490 115 130 110 South Dakota ..: 7,660 8,290 7,850 1,900 2,190 1,850 Tennessee .....: 3,038 3,219 2,985 552 678 746 : Texas .........: 8,483 7,700 9,500 2,100 1,100 2,500 Utah ..........: 1,300 1,330 1,050 285 245 144 Vermont .......: 175 204 180 37 50 48 Virginia ......: 2,174 1,940 1,660 450 350 402 Washington ....: 1,182 1,418 1,607 350 280 350 West Virginia .: 916 938 790 156 125 190 Wisconsin .....: 3,603 3,021 3,278 950 753 1,122 Wyoming .......: 1,532 2,040 1,700 230 400 365 : United States .: 103,658 107,222 102,134 22,065 20,931 22,217 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This page intentionally left blank. Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2009-2010 and Forecasted May 1, 2011 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ : Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009-2010 : 2010-2011 : 2009-2010 : 2010-2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 boxes ------- ------- 1,000 tons ------ Oranges : Early, mid, and navel 2/ : California 3/ ..............: 42,500 48,000 1,594 1,920 Florida ....................: 68,600 70,000 3,087 3,150 Texas 3/ ...................: 1,360 1,480 58 63 : United States ..............: 112,460 119,480 4,739 5,133 : Valencia : California 3/ ..............: 15,000 13,000 563 520 Florida ....................: 65,100 70,000 2,930 3,150 Texas 3/ ...................: 275 285 12 12 : United States ..............: 80,375 83,285 3,505 3,682 : All : California 3/ ..............: 57,500 61,000 2,157 2,440 Florida ....................: 133,700 140,000 6,017 6,300 Texas 3/ ...................: 1,635 1,765 70 75 : United States ..............: 192,835 202,765 8,244 8,815 : Grapefruit : White : Florida ....................: 6,000 5,600 255 238 : Colored : Florida ....................: 14,300 14,000 608 595 : All : California 3/ ..............: 4,500 3,500 151 140 Florida ....................: 20,300 19,600 863 833 Texas 3/ ...................: 5,600 5,900 224 236 : United States ..............: 30,400 29,000 1,238 1,209 : Tangerines and mandarins : Arizona 3/ 4/ ................: 350 300 13 12 California 3/ 4/ .............: 9,900 9,600 371 384 Florida ......................: 4,450 4,600 211 219 : United States ................: 14,700 14,500 595 615 : Lemons 3/ : Arizona ......................: 2,200 2,500 84 100 California ...................: 21,000 21,000 798 840 : United States ................: 23,200 23,500 882 940 : Tangelos : Florida ......................: 900 1,150 41 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80 (67 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80 (76 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-95. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida. 3/ Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted May 1, 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ------ cwt ----- ---- 1,000 cwt ---- : Arizona ..........: 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 280 290 1,036 1,102 California .......: 27.1 29.0 27.0 29.0 405 370 10,935 10,730 Florida ..........: 33.2 35.4 31.8 33.7 250 256 7,950 8,618 Hastings area ..: 21.5 22.4 20.3 21.2 250 265 5,075 5,618 Other areas ....: 11.7 13.0 11.5 12.5 250 240 2,875 3,000 North Carolina ...: 16.0 17.0 15.0 16.5 195 210 2,925 3,465 Texas ............: 8.8 7.9 8.4 7.5 235 230 1,974 1,725 : United States ....: 88.8 93.1 85.9 90.5 289 283 24,820 25,640 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2009 and 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ---- 1,000 pounds 1,000 pounds : Bananas 1/ ...: 1,100 1,100 16.8 16.2 18,500 17,800 : Guavas 1/ ....: 135 115 15.6 11.3 2,100 1,300 : Papayas 1/ ...: 1,325 1,350 23.8 22.3 31,500 30,100 : Taro 2/ ......: 445 475 (NA) (NA) 4,000 3,900 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Only utilized production is estimated. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Peach Production by Crop - California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Total production State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : tons : Freestone ..........: 350,000 385,000 385,000 : Clingstone 1/ ......: 469,000 432,000 430,000 : Total ..............: 819,000 817,000 815,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions. Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production (shelled basis) State :----------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 pounds : California .........: 1,410,000 1,650,000 1,750,000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ------ --- pounds --- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Connecticut .............: 1,900 2,600 1,277 1,665 2,426 4,329 Georgia .................: 13,800 11,400 2,030 2,400 28,014 27,360 Kentucky ................: 88,700 85,200 2,333 2,133 206,900 181,760 Massachusetts ...........: 390 950 1,500 1,768 585 1,680 North Carolina ..........: 177,400 168,300 2,389 2,095 423,856 352,625 Ohio ....................: 3,400 2,500 2,000 2,050 6,800 5,125 Pennsylvania ............: 8,200 8,500 2,276 2,349 18,660 19,965 South Carolina ..........: 18,500 16,000 2,100 2,250 38,850 36,000 Tennessee ...............: 21,600 22,300 2,313 2,051 49,960 45,740 Virginia ................: 20,150 19,750 2,309 2,243 46,530 44,299 : United States ...........: 354,040 337,500 2,323 2,130 822,581 718,883 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars ------- ------ 1,000 dollars ----- : Connecticut ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia ............................: 1.700 1.730 47,624 47,333 Kentucky ...........................: 1.852 1.677 383,208 309,468 Massachusetts ......................: (D) (D) (D) (D) North Carolina .....................: 1.759 1.671 745,736 589,085 Ohio ...............................: 1.650 1.630 11,220 8,354 Pennsylvania .......................: 1.674 1.675 31,239 33,445 South Carolina .....................: 1.760 1.760 68,376 63,360 Tennessee ..........................: 2.096 2.085 104,735 94,140 Virginia ...........................: 1.744 1.772 81,150 78,479 : United States 1/ ...................: 1.837 1.747 1,511,196 1,253,884 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Excludes estimated 2010 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested :Yield per acre : Production Class, type, and State :------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- --- pounds -- 1,000 pounds : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ...............................: 13,800 11,400 2,030 2,400 28,014 27,360 North Carolina ........................: 174,000 166,000 2,400 2,100 417,600 348,600 South Carolina ........................: 18,500 16,000 2,100 2,250 38,850 36,000 Virginia ..............................: 17,500 17,500 2,340 2,280 40,950 39,900 : United States .........................: 223,800 210,900 2,348 2,143 525,414 451,860 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ..............................: 9,100 8,800 3,500 3,300 31,850 29,040 Tennessee .............................: 6,400 6,200 3,100 2,900 19,840 17,980 Virginia ..............................: 650 650 2,000 2,090 1,300 1,359 : United States .........................: 16,150 15,650 3,281 3,091 52,990 48,379 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky ............................: 75,000 72,000 2,150 1,950 161,250 140,400 North Carolina ......................: 3,400 2,300 1,840 1,750 6,256 4,025 Ohio ................................: 3,400 2,500 2,000 2,050 6,800 5,125 Pennsylvania ........................: 4,100 4,200 2,300 2,400 9,430 10,080 Tennessee ...........................: 14,000 15,000 1,920 1,660 26,880 24,900 Virginia ............................: 2,000 1,600 2,140 1,900 4,280 3,040 : United States .......................: 101,900 97,600 2,109 1,922 214,896 187,570 : Type 32, Southern Maryland : Pennsylvania ........................: 2,100 2,200 2,300 2,250 4,830 4,950 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ...... : 104,000 99,800 2,113 1,929 219,726 192,520 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) ... : Kentucky ..............................: 4,600 4,400 3,000 2,800 13,800 12,320 Tennessee .............................: 1,200 1,100 2,700 2,600 3,240 2,860 : United States .........................: 5,800 5,500 2,938 2,760 17,040 15,180 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Pennsylvania ........................: 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,350 4,400 4,935 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf : Connecticut .........................: 1,100 1,950 1,260 1,720 1,386 3,354 Massachusetts .......................: 300 850 1,620 1,800 486 1,530 : United States .......................: 1,400 2,800 1,337 1,744 1,872 4,884 : Class 6, Cigar wrapper : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown: Connecticut .........................: 800 650 1,300 1,500 1,040 975 Massachusetts .......................: 90 100 1,100 1,500 99 150 : United States .......................: 890 750 1,280 1,500 1,139 1,125 : Total cigar types (41-61) .......... : 4,290 5,650 1,728 1,937 7,411 10,944 : All tobacco : United States .........................: 354,040 337,500 2,323 2,130 822,581 718,883 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars ------ ---- 1,000 dollars ---- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ................................: 1.700 1.730 47,624 47,333 North Carolina .........................: 1.760 1.670 734,976 582,162 South Carolina .........................: 1.760 1.760 68,376 63,360 Virginia ...............................: 1.730 1.770 70,844 70,623 : United States ..........................: 1.754 1.690 921,820 763,478 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 2.450 2.450 78,033 71,148 Tennessee ..............................: 2.520 2.530 49,997 45,489 Virginia ...............................: 2.100 2.000 2,730 2,718 : United States ..........................: 2.468 2.467 130,760 119,355 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 1.700 1.500 274,125 210,600 North Carolina .......................: 1.720 1.720 10,760 6,923 Ohio .................................: 1.650 1.630 11,220 8,354 Pennsylvania .........................: 1.700 1.700 16,031 17,136 Tennessee ............................: 1.770 1.700 47,578 42,330 Virginia .............................: 1.770 1.690 7,576 5,138 : United States ........................: 1.709 1.549 367,290 290,481 : Type 32, Southern Maryland : Pennsylvania .........................: 1.600 1.550 7,728 7,673 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 1.707 1.549 375,018 298,154 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 2.250 2.250 31,050 27,720 Tennessee ..............................: 2.210 2.210 7,160 6,321 : United States ..........................: 2.242 2.242 38,210 34,041 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Pennsylvania .........................: 1.700 1.750 7,480 8,636 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf : Connecticut ..........................: 5.000 6.250 6,930 20,963 Massachusetts ........................: 5.150 6.050 2,503 9,257 : United States ........................: 5.039 6.188 9,433 30,220 : Class 6, Cigar wrapper : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown : Connecticut ..........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Massachusetts ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) : United States ........................: 25.000 (NA) 28,475 (NA) : Total cigar types (41-61) ........... : 6.124 (NA) 45,388 (NA) : All tobacco 1/ : United States ..........................: 1.837 1.747 1,511,196 1,253,884 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1/ The 2010 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ---- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 255.0 340.0 248.0 338.0 668 682 Arizona .........: 145.0 195.0 144.0 193.0 1,477 1,517 Arkansas ........: 520.0 545.0 500.0 540.0 818 1,045 California ......: 71.0 124.0 70.0 123.0 1,646 1,483 Florida .........: 82.0 92.0 78.0 89.0 723 766 Georgia .........: 1,000.0 1,330.0 990.0 1,315.0 902 821 Kansas ..........: 38.0 51.0 34.0 50.0 748 787 Louisiana .......: 230.0 255.0 225.0 249.0 745 842 Mississippi .....: 305.0 420.0 290.0 410.0 687 993 Missouri ........: 272.0 310.0 260.0 308.0 927 1,068 : New Mexico ......: 31.1 48.0 29.5 47.0 1,172 1,174 North Carolina ..: 375.0 550.0 370.0 545.0 990 838 Oklahoma ........: 205.0 285.0 195.0 270.0 785 750 South Carolina ..: 115.0 202.0 114.0 201.0 872 898 Tennessee .......: 300.0 390.0 280.0 387.0 843 845 Texas ...........: 5,000.0 5,550.0 3,500.0 5,350.0 634 703 Virginia ........: 64.0 83.0 63.0 82.0 1,052 732 : United States ...: 9,008.1 10,770.0 7,390.5 10,497.0 766 805 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 1.6 2.5 1.6 2.5 1,170 845 California ......: 119.0 182.0 116.0 180.0 1,494 1,237 New Mexico ......: 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 686 836 Texas ...........: 18.0 17.0 17.8 16.5 836 902 : United States ...: 141.4 204.2 138.2 201.7 1,389 1,200 : All : Alabama .........: 255.0 340.0 248.0 338.0 668 682 Arizona .........: 146.6 197.5 145.6 195.5 1,473 1,509 Arkansas ........: 520.0 545.0 500.0 540.0 818 1,045 California ......: 190.0 306.0 186.0 303.0 1,551 1,337 Florida .........: 82.0 92.0 78.0 89.0 723 766 Georgia .........: 1,000.0 1,330.0 990.0 1,315.0 902 821 Kansas ..........: 38.0 51.0 34.0 50.0 748 787 Louisiana .......: 230.0 255.0 225.0 249.0 745 842 Mississippi .....: 305.0 420.0 290.0 410.0 687 993 Missouri ........: 272.0 310.0 260.0 308.0 927 1,068 : New Mexico ......: 33.9 50.7 32.3 49.7 1,129 1,156 North Carolina ..: 375.0 550.0 370.0 545.0 990 838 Oklahoma ........: 205.0 285.0 195.0 270.0 785 750 South Carolina ..: 115.0 202.0 114.0 201.0 872 898 Tennessee .......: 300.0 390.0 280.0 387.0 843 845 Texas ...........: 5,018.0 5,567.0 3,517.8 5,366.5 635 704 Virginia ........: 64.0 83.0 63.0 82.0 1,052 732 : United States ...: 9,149.5 10,974.2 7,528.7 10,698.7 777 812 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : : Bales ginned in Type and State : 480-pound net weight : Lint seed : 480-pound net weight : bales 1/ : ratio 2/ : bales 3/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales --- ------ ratio ----- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 345.0 480.0 (NA) (NA) 340,400 473,950 Arizona .........: 443.0 610.0 (NA) (NA) 433,850 577,200 Arkansas ........: 852.0 1,176.0 (NA) (NA) 819,150 1,128,250 California ......: 240.0 380.0 (NA) (NA) 248,900 411,050 Florida .........: 117.5 142.0 (NA) (NA) 93,000 120,950 Georgia .........: 1,860.0 2,250.0 (NA) (NA) 1,882,200 2,279,450 Kansas ..........: 53.0 82.0 (NA) (NA) 44,250 83,550 Louisiana .......: 349.0 437.0 (NA) (NA) 348,850 446,650 Mississippi .....: 415.0 848.0 (NA) (NA) 406,100 832,800 Missouri ........: 502.0 685.0 (NA) (NA) 534,850 727,050 : New Mexico ......: 72.0 115.0 (NA) (NA) 30,200 44,250 North Carolina ..: 763.0 951.0 (NA) (NA) 779,250 971,650 Oklahoma ........: 319.0 422.0 (NA) (NA) 316,300 406,400 South Carolina ..: 207.0 376.0 (NA) (NA) 201,050 367,400 Tennessee .......: 492.0 681.0 (NA) (NA) 497,650 681,250 Texas ...........: 4,620.0 7,840.0 (NA) (NA) 4,671,650 7,920,200 Virginia ........: 138.1 125.0 (NA) (NA) 123,900 110,550 : United States ...: 11,787.6 17,600.0 (NA) (NA) 11,771,550 17,582,600 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 3.9 4.4 (NA) (NA) 4,050 4,350 California ......: 361.0 464.0 (NA) (NA) 359,750 463,650 New Mexico ......: 4.0 4.7 (NA) (NA) 5,200 5,850 Texas ...........: 31.0 31.0 (NA) (NA) 30,050 29,450 : United States ...: 399.9 504.1 (NA) (NA) 399,050 503,300 : All : Alabama .........: 345.0 480.0 (NA) (NA) 340,400 473,950 Arizona .........: 446.9 614.4 (NA) (NA) 437,900 581,550 Arkansas ........: 852.0 1,176.0 0.410 0.412 819,150 1,128,250 California ......: 601.0 844.0 (NA) (NA) 608,650 874,700 Florida .........: 117.5 142.0 (NA) (NA) 93,000 120,950 Georgia .........: 1,860.0 2,250.0 0.444 0.440 1,882,200 2,279,450 Kansas ..........: 53.0 82.0 (NA) (NA) 44,250 83,550 Louisiana .......: 349.0 437.0 0.431 0.433 348,850 446,650 Mississippi .....: 415.0 848.0 0.416 0.418 406,100 832,800 Missouri ........: 502.0 685.0 (NA) (NA) 534,850 727,050 : New Mexico ......: 76.0 119.7 (NA) (NA) 35,400 50,100 North Carolina ..: 763.0 951.0 0.434 0.437 779,250 971,650 Oklahoma ........: 319.0 422.0 (NA) (NA) 316,300 406,400 South Carolina ..: 207.0 376.0 (NA) (NA) 201,050 367,400 Tennessee .......: 492.0 681.0 (NA) (NA) 497,650 681,250 Texas ...........: 4,651.0 7,871.0 0.410 0.410 4,701,700 7,949,650 Virginia ........: 138.1 125.0 (NA) (NA) 123,900 110,550 : United States ...: 12,187.5 18,104.1 (NA) (NA) 12,170,600 18,085,900 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average. 3/ Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 : 2009 : 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 114.0 149.0 11.0 15.0 103.0 134.0 1.7 2.1 Arizona .......: 161.4 219.5 - - 161.4 219.5 1.5 1.8 Arkansas ......: 294.0 404.0 253.0 331.0 41.0 73.0 3.5 4.0 California ....: 275.0 330.0 - 75.0 275.0 255.0 2.7 3.4 Florida .......: 34.5 40.0 29.0 32.0 5.5 8.0 0.5 0.5 Georgia .......: 539.1 704.0 332.6 379.0 206.5 325.0 6.7 7.3 Kansas ........: 19.0 30.0 - - 19.0 30.0 0.3 0.3 Louisiana .....: 108.0 138.0 75.0 94.0 33.0 44.0 2.3 2.6 Mississippi ...: 134.0 291.0 118.5 226.0 15.5 65.0 2.7 3.4 Missouri ......: 192.5 237.0 127.0 155.0 65.5 82.0 1.9 2.2 : New Mexico ....: 25.4 41.6 - - 25.4 41.6 0.4 0.5 North Carolina : 244.6 287.0 41.1 49.0 203.5 238.0 3.9 5.3 Oklahoma ......: 108.4 146.0 96.8 122.0 11.6 24.0 1.6 1.8 South Carolina : 64.3 123.0 40.6 75.0 23.7 48.0 0.8 1.0 Tennessee .....: 157.9 235.0 140.5 227.0 17.4 8.0 2.6 3.1 Texas .........: 1,634.0 2,685.0 1,012.8 1,474.0 621.2 1,211.0 36.2 39.8 Virginia ......: 42.7 38.0 - - 42.7 38.0 0.7 1.1 : United States .: 4,148.8 6,098.1 2,277.9 3,254.0 1,870.9 2,844.1 70.0 80.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2010. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2006-2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Arkansas .......: 93 146 144 198 99 Georgia ........: 183 185 146 186 139 Louisiana ......: 127 136 147 135 118 Mississippi ....: 68 103 118 116 107 North Carolina .: 184 134 195 150 188 Texas ..........: 56 52 65 37 63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2006-2010 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 859 790 943 1,051 911 October ............: 814 839 810 814 893 November ...........: 849 849 852 803 897 December ...........: 824 849 846 794 894 Final ..............: 824 849 846 794 894 : Georgia : September ..........: 648 616 587 571 609 October ............: 675 570 613 731 606 November ...........: 774 707 733 712 686 December ...........: 790 708 742 737 683 Final ..............: 789 708 742 740 683 : Louisiana : September ..........: 760 796 655 714 699 October ............: 781 808 578 792 755 November ...........: 786 841 579 756 789 December ...........: 785 841 579 788 781 Final ..............: 785 841 579 788 781 : Mississippi : September ..........: 700 819 909 925 864 October ............: 699 745 679 833 773 November ...........: 695 747 728 717 776 December ...........: 695 747 722 722 776 Final ..............: 695 747 722 722 776 : North Carolina : September ..........: 637 527 667 701 681 October ............: 641 601 652 730 675 November ...........: 671 625 702 779 689 December ...........: 671 625 704 777 689 Final ..............: 671 625 704 777 689 : Texas : September ..........: 530 602 633 613 658 October ............: 477 538 513 522 534 November ...........: 533 631 579 502 589 December ...........: 544 632 573 502 589 Final ..............: 551 632 570 502 589 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 2,872 2,952 2,465 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 88,192 92,178 81,446 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 5,567 Hay, all .......................: (NA) (NA) 59,862 58,973 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 19,956 All other ....................: (NA) 39,906 Oats ...........................: 3,138 2,839 1,263 Proso millet ...................: 390 363 Rice ...........................: 3,636 3,018 3,615 Rye ............................: 1,211 265 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 5,404 5,645 4,808 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 273 Wheat, all .....................: 53,603 58,021 47,637 Winter .......................: 37,335 41,229 31,749 32,039 Durum ........................: 2,570 2,365 2,529 Other spring .................: 13,698 14,427 13,359 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,448.8 1,611.8 1,431.0 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 421 420 418 Mustard seed ...................: 50.5 48.1 Peanuts ........................: 1,288.0 1,237.0 1,255.0 Rapeseed .......................: 2.3 2.2 Safflower ......................: 175.0 167.7 Soybeans for beans .............: 77,404 76,609 76,616 Sunflower ......................: 1,951.5 1,805.0 1,873.8 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all ....................: 10,974.2 12,565.5 10,698.7 Upland .......................: 10,770.0 12,313.0 10,497.0 American Pima ................: 204.2 252.5 201.7 Sugarbeets .....................: 1,171.4 1,187.1 1,155.7 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 883.2 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 337.5 336.5 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 31.2 20.0 17.9 Dry edible beans ...............: 1,911.4 1,303.5 1,842.7 Dry edible peas ................: 756.0 586.0 711.4 Lentils ........................: 658.0 710.0 634.0 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 6.3 Hops ...........................: (NA) 31.3 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 71.3 Potatoes, all ..................: 1,021.5 1,004.7 Spring .......................: 88.8 93.1 85.9 90.5 Summer .......................: 39.0 37.5 Fall .........................: 893.7 881.3 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 18.6 Sweet potatoes .................: 119.8 126.7 116.9 Taro (Hawaii) 2/ ...............: (NA) 0.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 73.1 180,268 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 152.8 12,446,865 Corn for silage ....................tons: 19.3 107,314 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.43 145,556 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.40 67,903 All other ........................tons: 1.95 77,653 Oats ............................bushels: 64.3 81,190 Proso millet ....................bushels: 31.8 11,535 Rice 1/ .............................cwt: 6,725 243,104 Rye .............................bushels: 28.0 7,431 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 71.8 345,395 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 12.5 3,420 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 46.4 2,208,391 Winter ........................bushels: 46.8 44.5 1,485,236 1,424,357 Durum .........................bushels: 42.4 107,180 Other spring ..................bushels: 46.1 615,975 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,713 2,450,947 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 6,098.1 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 21.7 9,056 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 870 41,861 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,311 4,155,600 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 1,891 4,160 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,320 221,335 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 43.5 3,329,341 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,460 2,735,570 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ ....................bales: 812 18,104.1 Upland 1/ .......................bales: 805 17,600.0 American Pima 1/ ................bales: 1,200 504.1 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 27.6 31,945 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 31.8 28,111 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 2,130 718,883 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas 1/ .............cwt: 1,666 237 Dry edible beans 1/ .................cwt: 1,726 31,801 Dry edible peas 1/ ..................cwt: 1,999 14,221 Lentils 1/ ..........................cwt: 1,365 8,657 Wrinkled seed peas ..................cwt: (NA) 580 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ..................pounds: 1,250 7,900 Hops .............................pounds: 2,093 65,492.6 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 89 6,363 Potatoes, all .......................cwt: 395 397,189 Spring ............................cwt: 289 283 24,820 25,640 Summer ............................cwt: 310 11,642 Fall ..............................cwt: 409 360,727 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 125 2,318 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 204 23,845 Taro (Hawaii) ....................pounds: (NA) 3,900 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,162,270 1,194,640 997,560 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:35,690,420 37,303,510 32,960,380 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,252,910 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 24,225,550 23,865,780 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 8,075,990 All other ....................: (NA) 16,149,560 Oats ...........................: 1,269,920 1,148,910 511,120 Proso millet ...................: 157,830 146,900 Rice ...........................: 1,471,450 1,221,350 1,462,950 Rye ............................: 490,080 107,240 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,186,940 2,284,480 1,945,750 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 110,480 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:21,692,600 23,480,520 19,278,220 Winter .......................:15,109,100 16,684,960 12,848,500 12,965,860 Durum ........................: 1,040,050 957,090 1,023,460 Other spring .................: 5,543,440 5,838,460 5,406,250 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 586,310 652,280 579,110 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 170,370 169,970 169,160 Mustard seed ...................: 20,440 19,470 Peanuts ........................: 521,240 500,600 507,890 Rapeseed .......................: 930 890 Safflower ......................: 70,820 67,870 Soybeans for beans .............:31,324,620 31,002,900 31,005,730 Sunflower ......................: 789,750 730,470 758,310 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 4,441,150 5,085,130 4,329,660 Upland .......................: 4,358,510 4,982,950 4,248,030 American Pima ................: 82,640 102,180 81,630 Sugarbeets .....................: 474,050 480,410 467,700 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 357,420 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 136,580 136,180 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 12,630 8,090 7,240 Dry edible beans ...............: 773,520 527,510 745,720 Dry edible peas ................: 305,950 237,150 287,900 Lentils ........................: 266,290 287,330 256,570 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 2,550 Hops ...........................: (NA) 12,660 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 28,850 Potatoes, all 2/ ...............: 413,390 406,590 Spring .......................: 35,940 37,680 34,760 36,620 Summer .......................: 15,780 15,180 Fall .........................: 361,670 356,650 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 7,530 Sweet potatoes .................: 48,480 51,270 47,310 Taro (Hawaii) 3/ ...............: (NA) 190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 3/ Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 3.93 3,924,870 Corn for grain .................: 9.59 316,164,930 Corn for silage ................: 43.21 97,353,620 Hay, all 1/ ....................: 5.45 132,046,180 Alfalfa ......................: 7.63 61,600,570 All other ....................: 4.36 70,445,620 Oats ...........................: 2.31 1,178,470 Proso millet ...................: 1.78 261,610 Rice ...........................: 7.54 11,027,010 Rye ............................: 1.76 188,760 Sorghum for grain ..............: 4.51 8,773,440 Sorghum for silage .............: 28.08 3,102,570 Wheat, all 1/ ..................: 3.12 60,102,550 Winter .......................: 3.15 2.99 40,421,500 38,764,640 Durum ........................: 2.85 2,916,960 Other spring .................: 3.10 16,764,090 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1.92 1,111,730 Cottonseed .....................: (X) 5,532,100 Flaxseed .......................: 1.36 230,030 Mustard seed ...................: 0.98 18,990 Peanuts ........................: 3.71 1,884,950 Rapeseed .......................: 2.12 1,890 Safflower ......................: 1.48 100,400 Soybeans for beans .............: 2.92 90,609,810 Sunflower ......................: 1.64 1,240,830 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 1/ .................: 0.91 3,941,700 Upland .......................: 0.90 3,831,950 American Pima ................: 1.34 109,750 Sugarbeets .....................: 61.96 28,980,020 Sugarcane ......................: 71.35 25,501,870 Tobacco ........................: 2.39 326,080 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 1.48 10,750 Dry edible beans ...............: 1.93 1,442,470 Dry edible peas ................: 2.24 645,050 Lentils ........................: 1.53 392,670 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) 26,310 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: 1.41 3,580 Hops ...........................: 2.35 29,710 Peppermint oil .................: 0.10 2,890 Potatoes, all 1/ ...............: 44.31 18,016,190 Spring .......................: 32.39 31.76 1,125,820 1,163,010 Summer .......................: 34.80 528,070 Fall .........................: 45.88 16,362,300 Spearmint oil ..................: 0.14 1,050 Sweet potatoes .................: 22.86 1,081,590 Taro (Hawaii) ..................: (NA) 1,770 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Production may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit .............................tons: 1,238 1,209 Lemons .................................tons: 882 940 Oranges ................................tons: 8,244 8,815 Tangelos (Florida) .....................tons: 41 52 Tangerines and mandarins ...............tons: 595 615 : Noncitrus : Apples ........................ 1,000 pounds: 9,286.6 Apricots ...............................tons: 65.5 Bananas (Hawaii) .....................pounds: 17,800 Grapes .................................tons: 6,856.8 Olives (California) ....................tons: 190.0 Papayas (Hawaii) .....................pounds: 30,100 Peaches ................................tons: 1,151.3 Pears ..................................tons: 807.6 Prunes, dried (California) .............tons: 125.0 Prunes and plums (excludes California) .tons: 12.3 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ........pounds: 1,650,000 1,750,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...........tons: 27 Pecans, in-shell .....................pounds: 259,660 Walnuts, in-shell (California) .........tons: 510 Maple syrup .........................gallons: 1,955 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit .................................: 1,123,090 1,096,790 Lemons .....................................: 800,140 852,750 Oranges ....................................: 7,478,830 7,996,830 Tangelos (Florida) .........................: 37,190 47,170 Tangerines and mandarins ...................: 539,770 557,920 : Noncitrus : Apples .....................................: 4,212,330 Apricots ...................................: 59,400 Bananas (Hawaii) ...........................: 8,070 Grapes .....................................: 6,220,360 Olives (California) ........................: 172,370 Papayas (Hawaii) ...........................: 13,650 Peaches ....................................: 1,044,440 Pears ......................................: 732,640 Prunes, dried (California) .................: 113,400 Prunes and plums (excludes California) .....: 11,160 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) ..............: 748,430 793,790 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...............: 24,490 Pecans, in-shell ...........................: 117,780 Walnuts, in-shell (California) .............: 462,660 Maple syrup ................................: 9,770 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. April Weather Summary During April, severe flooding developed from the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley. At the same time, a snowmelt-induced flood crest moved along the upper and middle Mississippi River. By month's end, floodwaters converged on the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, eclipsing the region's high-water marks established in February 1937. Monthly rainfall totals of 1 to 2 feet were common in the flood-affected areas. A pair of historic tornado outbreaks accompanied the storminess, battering the South from April 14-16 and 25-28. Meanwhile in the northern Corn Belt, cool, damp weather and soils hindered the start of the spring planting season. Due to the Midwestern fieldwork delays, only 13 percent of the United States acreage intended for corn was planted by May 1 - the Nation's slowest start since 1995 (11 percent planted). Cool, damp conditions also prevailed across the northern Plains and the Northwest, slowing winter wheat development and hampering spring planting operations. Cool conditions were also noted as far south as California. In contrast, heat and drought continued to severely stress pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops on the southern Plains. By May 1, approximately three-quarters of the winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition in Oklahoma (77 percent) and Texas (74 percent), along with nearly half of the crop in Colorado (46 percent) and Kansas (45 percent). April Agricultural Summary While unusually warm, dry weather dominated much of the southern United States and caused a decline in winter wheat conditions during the month, cool, wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and much of the Corn Belt limited or prevented fieldwork. Most notably, average temperatures in areas of Texas reached as many as 8 degrees above normal, with daily recordings in southern portions of the State pushing the mercury above the century mark before month's end. Several storm systems during April combined to dump more than 10 inches of rain on an area centered over the southern Corn Belt, northern Delta, and Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. Nationally, corn producers had planted 3 percent of this year's crop by April 10, on par with both last year and the 5-year average. Planting had just begun in Illinois, Indiana, and Nebraska, three of the five largest corn-producing States. Unusually wet spring weather saturated fields, caused localized flooding, and hampered fieldwork in portions of the Corn Belt, Great Lakes region, and Ohio Valley throughout much of the month. Planting progress was limited to 2 percent or less in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska during the week ending April 24. By May 1, planting had advanced to 13 percent complete, compared with 66 percent last year and 40 percent for the 5-year average. Emergence was 5 percent complete by May 1, thirteen percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 19 percent of the sorghum crop was planted by April 3, six percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Warm, sunny conditions in Louisiana during March had provided ample time for producers to complete fieldwork, leaving progress in the State well ahead of both last year and normal. Adverse soil conditions - both too dry and too wet - delayed the start of planting in some sorghum-producing States. Planting began in Kansas, the largest sorghum-producing State, during the week ending April 24, but progress stalled during the last week of the month. By May 1, twenty-three percent of the Nation's sorghum crop was planted, 6 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As April began, oat producers in four of the nine major estimating States were busy seeding this year's crop. By April 3, twenty-eight percent of the Nation's crop was in the ground, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Texas, seeding and emergence were complete, with 35 percent of the crop headed. Conversely, seeding in Minnesota, the largest oat-producing State, had yet to begin and was behind normal as heavy snowfall and below average temperatures delayed the start of fieldwork. Emergence was evident in 27 percent of oat fields by April 10, slightly behind last year but on par with the 5-year average. Cool, wet weather persisted throughout much of April, leading to seeding delays of 41 points or more behind last year and 26 points or more behind normal in five of the nine major estimating States by April 24. As May began, 45 percent of the oat crop was seeded, compared with 82 percent last year and 72 percent for the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the crop was emerged, 24 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By April 17, barley producers had seeded 11 percent of this year's crop, 8 percentage points behind last year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant delays were evident in Minnesota and Washington where wet fields had limited fieldwork in the barley-growing areas. By May 1, seeding had advanced to 18 percent complete, 33 percentage points behind last year and 25 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In North Dakota, the largest barley-producing State, seeding had yet to begin as rain, snow, and unusually cool temperatures delayed the start of fieldwork. Overall, emergence was 6 percent complete by May 1, compared with 16 percent last year and 12 percent for the 5-year average. Nationally, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 17, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With warm temperatures in portions of the Delta and the Great Plains aiding a rapid crop development pace, heading had advanced to 33 percent complete by May 1, seven percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 34 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on May 1, down 3 percentage points from ratings on April 3 and 34 percentage points below the same time last year. On the central and southern Plains, limited soil moisture availability caused a steady decline in condition ratings in States such as Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas throughout the month. With wet fields and unusually cool temperatures limiting fieldwork, spring wheat producers seeded just 5 percent of this year's crop between April 17 and May 1. Due to spring flooding concerns, producers in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, seeded just 1 percent of their crop by May 1, well behind both last year and normal. Nationally, seeding had advanced to 10 percent complete by May 1, forty-seven percentage points behind last year and 33 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As April arrived, rice producers throughout much of the Delta and Texas were busy seeding this year's crop, while producers in California were conducting routine maintenance activities including field drainage, herbicide applications, and leveling. By April 10, seeding had advanced to 26 percent complete, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence was evident in 9 percent of the Nation's rice fields, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the average. Mid- to late-month rainfall, hail, and flash flooding slowed fieldwork in Arkansas and Missouri, pushing overall progress behind both last year and normal. As May began, 49 percent of the rice crop was seeded and 37 percent had emerged, both well behind both last year and normal. By May 1, peanut planting was underway in the eight major estimating States. At 8 percent complete, progress was 2 percentage points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was most advanced in Texas, although progress in the State was 6 percentage points behind last year's pace. With activity limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, cotton producers had planted 6 percent of the Nation's crop by April 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average. In Texas, producers in areas of the Plains were busy preparing land for planting, although many dryland fields were in need of moisture before cotton planting could begin. Despite warm, dry weather promoting a rapid planting pace in Arizona and California later in the month, overall progress fell to 6 percentage points behind both last year and the average by May 1 as producers in the Northern High Plains of Texas were waiting for increased soil temperatures before starting to plant. Sugarbeet producers in Idaho and Michigan were planting their crop by mid-April, while saturated fields in Minnesota and North Dakota prevented much fieldwork until the end of the month. By May 1, fifteen percent of the crop was planted, 80 percentage points behind last year and 46 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from the previous year. Expected grain area totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. As of May 1, thirty-four percent of the United States winter wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 34 points below the same week in 2010, and heading had reached 33 percent in the 18 major producing States, 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In the southern Great Plains States, dry weather during the winter and spring has led to poor growing conditions. Crop conditions declined from last year in all of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing States except Montana. As of May 1, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was 49 points or more below last year. Yields are forecasted lower than last year in all major HRW producing States. Favorable planting conditions and adequate moisture this spring in many of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States has resulted in crop development slightly ahead of the 5-year average. On May 1, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Illinois and North Carolina was 23 and 41 points above last year, respectively. Yields are forecasted to be higher than 2010 in most SRW producing States. A cool, wet spring in the Pacific Northwest has led to concerns of disease and caused crop development to be slightly behind the 5-year average in Oregon and Washington. Yields are forecasted to be down from 2010 in Idaho and Washington, but up in Oregon. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 23.2 million bushels, up 12 percent from the previous year. A cool spring in California caused crop development to be slightly behind normal. If realized, California's yield of 110.0 bushels per acre will tie last year's record high yield. Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2011 totaled 22.2 million tons, up 6 percent from a year ago. Disappearance from December 1, 2010-May 1, 2011 totaled 79.9 million tons, compared with 86.3 million tons for the same period a year ago. Compared with last year, hay stocks increased across much of the Nation's midsection. In many cases, these increases are attributed to an increase in total hay production in 2010. Stocks on hand were down throughout much of the western half of the United States and along the Atlantic Coast. Lingering winter weather conditions in many western States forced producers to feed livestock longer into the spring months. Drought conditions in many areas along the Atlantic Coast caused a lack of available winter pastures. Overall, the largest percentage declines occurred in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Almonds: The 2011 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.75 billion pounds, up 6 percent from the 2010 production of 1.65 billion pounds. The cold spring lengthened the bloom, causing more overlap between varieties. Freezing temperatures affected the northern regions more than the south, however frost damage was not significant. Despite the cold weather, pollination was successful and California almond trees set a good crop. Older plantings suffered some damage from strong winds that accompanied spring storms but overall damage was minimal. The crop in general was reported to be good. California peaches: The California 2011 peach crop is forecast at 815,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010. The California Freestone crop is forecast at 385,000 tons, unchanged from last year. California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, benefiting the Freestone crop. Good weather during the bloom period resulted in a good set. Growers are expecting to thin more this year due to the good set. There have been minimal reports of hail damage on the early varieties and the overall crop has been reported as good. The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010. Development was slowed due to spring rains and cooler than normal April temperatures. This year's statewide full bloom date was three days later than last year. The Extra Early and Early varieties were reported to have a heavy set, while the Late and Extra Late varieties were reported to have an average set. Cool and windy weather conditions had growers busy protecting their orchards from mildew. Bananas: The revised Hawaii banana production estimate for 2010 is 17.8 million pounds, down 4 percent from the previous year. Harvested area totaled 1,100 acres in 2010, unchanged from the previous year. Growers reported that banana bunchy top virus continued to be a problem, while drought conditions forced farmers in some areas to use irrigation. Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2010 is estimated at 1.30 million pounds, 38 percent lower than the 2009 utilized production. Harvested area totaled 115 acres, down 15 percent from the previous season. Yield averaged 11,300 pounds per acre, compared with 15,600 pounds per acre in 2009. Dry weather during the season negatively impacted yields and overall production. Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2010 crop year is estimated at 3.90 million pounds, down 3 percent from the previous year. Area in crop, at 475 acres, was up 7 percent from 2009. Weather conditions were varied depending on location. Some producers were affected by drought conditions while others experienced flooding. Overall, the variable weather was not a significant factor for the total crop. Growers reported that apple snails and leaf blight continued to be problems. Grapefruit: The 2010-2011 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.21 million tons, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but down 2 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. Florida grapefruit production is forecast at 19.6 million boxes (833,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from last season. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.60 million boxes (238,000 tons), down 7 percent from the 2009-2010 season. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is 2 percent below last season. As of May 1, approximately 96 percent of the white grapefruit crop and 99 percent of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 615,000 tons, up 1 percent from the April 1 forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Florida's tangerine crop is forecast at 4.60 million boxes (219,000 tons), up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Utilization and survey data indicate that the Florida tangerine harvest is nearly complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin production forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast. Tangelos: Florida's tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 28 percent from last season's final utilization. Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, temperatures were predominately in the 80s during the month. Weather stations reported lows in the 50s and highs in the 80s and 90s this month. Heavy rains during the first part of April eased drought conditions in the western citrus growing areas, but the extreme drought condition in the eastern and southeastern areas persisted. Harvesting of early and midseason oranges was complete. Grapefruit and Valencia orange harvests continued. Most of the processing plants and canneries remained open. Valencia oranges and grapefruit made up the majority of fruit going to the plants. Heavy irrigation and harvesting dominated the grove activities this month. California citrus: The navel orange, Valencia orange and lemon harvests continued normally in the San Joaquin Valley as the grapefruit and mandarin harvests neared completion. Grapefruit and lemons were also picked in the desert and coastal regions. Mandarin growers with seedless varieties in the San Joaquin Valley began net placement in preparation for the upcoming bloom. California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Cool temperatures slowed shoot development in central coast grape vineyards while fungicides and fertilizers were applied in Central Valley vineyards. The prune, pear, and cherry blooms were nearly finished. Kiwi orchards and citrus groves were blooming. The strawberry harvest began in Merced County. Strawberry nursery plants were planted in Siskiyou County, while strawberry and blueberry fields in eastern Fresno County were in bloom. Fieldwork and spraying were ongoing in orchards and vineyards. Growing conditions in almond orchards were good. Irrigation, fertilizer, and final fungicide applications dominated field activities. Observed pest activity was very low, with some spraying for spider mites done in Kern County. Pollination was underway in both walnut and pistachio orchards, as catkins continued to elongate on walnut trees. Blight control sprays for walnuts were ongoing while bloom sprays for pistachio orchards were also prepared. Spring potatoes: Production for 2011 is forecast at 25.6 million cwt, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but up 3 percent from 2010. Area for harvest is forecast at 90,500 acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 5 percent from last year. The average yield forecast, at 283 cwt per acre, is down 6 cwt from both the April 1 forecast and the previous year. Florida's production is forecast at 8.62 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast. Unfavorable weather conditions delayed planting and harvest in both the Hastings and other areas. California's spring potato production is forecast at 10.7 million cwt, down 1 percent from April's forecast due to cool, wet growing conditions. North Carolina growers are expected to produce 3.47 million cwt of spring potatoes, down 2 percent from the previous forecast. As of April 24, 2011, crop condition was rated as 100 percent good by the growers. Production in Arizona is forecast at 1.10 million, down 3 percent from the April 1 forecast due to lower than expected yields. Texas growers expect production to total 1.73 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast. Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2010 totaled 719 million pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 13 percent below 2009. Harvested area is estimated at 337,500 acres, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate but down 5 percent from the previous year's estimate. Yield per acre averaged 2,130 pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 193 pounds below 2009. Flue-cured production totaled 452 million pounds, slightly below the January preliminary estimate. This is 14 percent less than 2009 when 525 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 210,900 acres, down 6 percent from the previous year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,143 pounds, down 205 pounds from 2009. North Carolina, the leading producer of flue-cured tobacco, produced 349 million pounds, approximately 77 percent of all flue-cured production. Burley production, which accounted for 97 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 188 million pounds. This is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 13 percent below 2009. Producers of burley tobacco harvested 97,600 acres in 2010, down 4 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 1,922 pounds per acre, 187 pounds below 2009. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 140 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all burley grown in the United States. Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 48.4 million pounds, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate but 9 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 15,650 acres, down 3 percent from 2009. Fire-cured yields averaged 3,091 pounds per acre, down 190 pounds from the previous year. Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 4.95 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 2 percent above 2009. Pennsylvania growers harvested 2,200 acres, up 5 percent from last year. Yields averaged 2,250 pounds per acre, down 50 pounds from the previous year. Dark air-cured production totaled 15.2 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 11 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 5,500 acres in 2010, down 5 percent from 2009. Yield per acre averaged 2,760 pounds, down 178 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured tobacco, produced 12.3 million pounds in 2010, accounting for approximately 81 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco grown in the United States. Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 10.9 million pounds, up 2 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 48 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 5,650 acres in 2010, up 32 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,937 pounds per acre, 209 pounds above 2009. 2010 Cotton final: Upland cotton production is estimated at 17.6 million 480-pound bales, up 49 percent from the 2009 crop. The United States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at 805 pounds per acre, up 39 pounds from the previous season. Upland growers in the Southeastern region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) finished planting by mid-June. Hot, dry weather during much of the summer allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal. By the end of August, limited harvest was underway in Alabama and Georgia. By late-September, defoliation and harvest were underway throughout the region. Harvest neared completion by the end of November. Objective yield data in Georgia show bolls per acre to be the lowest in the last 7 years and boll weight to be at its lowest level since 1998. North Carolina boll weights are at their lowest level since 2005. In the Delta region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the first of June. The crop developed quickly due to hot, dry conditions for much of the summer. Defoliation and harvest had begun by late-August in the region. Harvest was completed by mid-November. In Louisiana, objective yield data show boll weight to be the lightest in over 10 years. Objective yield data in Arkansas show the bolls per acre to be the largest on record in Arkansas and the largest in the last 5 years in Mississippi. Texas producers finished planting Upland cotton by the middle of June. In the Panhandle, warm temperatures and timely rains allowed the crop to develop well ahead of normal. Defoliation and limited harvest was underway by the middle of September. In South Texas, harvest was complete by mid-September. Harvest progressed rapidly in the Panhandle of Texas through the first half of October. However, harvest came to a halt after strong thunderstorms moved through some parts of the growing area. Reports from growers indicated some damage to the crop due to heavy rain, hail, and high winds. Objective yield data in Texas show boll weight to be the lowest since 2005. In Kansas and Oklahoma, the Upland crop developed ahead of normal during the growing season. In Oklahoma, harvest got underway in late September, while Kansas producers began harvesting in October. Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-June. The Upland crop developed behind normal throughout the summer. In Arizona, harvest began during the first week of September. In California, harvest got underway in October. American Pima production totaled 504,100 bales (480-pound), up 26 percent from the 2009 crop. The United States yield is estimated at 1,200 pounds per harvested acre, down 189 pounds per acre from the previous season. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2010 totaled 6.10 million tons, up 47 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 53 percent of the disposition. The remaining 47 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 6 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,400 producers representing all major production areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of- season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.0 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 7.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.1 percent. Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 88 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the five abnormal production seasons (three freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.9 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 133,000 tons (152,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or excluding abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 6 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section.................................. (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice.......................................... (202) 720-7688 Bryan Durham - Hay, Oats................................................ (202) 690-3234 Steve Maliszewski - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum.................... (202) 720-5944 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed........................ (202) 720-9526 Nick Schauer - Wheat, Rye............................................... (202) 720-8068 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................... (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section...... (202) 720-2127 Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries.. (202) 720-2157 Fred Granja - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ....... (202) 720-4288 Chris Hawthorn - Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits................ (202) 720-5412 Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .......... (202) 720-3250 Kim Ritchie - Hops...................................................... (360) 709-2400 Daphne Schauber - Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ....... (202) 720-4285 Erika White - Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ............ (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Receive NASS Updates" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free (800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at (866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377- 8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136 (Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.