Crop Production ISSN: 1936-3737 Released May 10, 2012, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Winter Wheat Production Up 13 Percent from 2011 Orange Production Up Slightly from April Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.69 billion bushels, up 13 percent from 2011. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 35.6 million acres, up 10 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, up 1.4 bushels from last year. Hard Red Winter, at 1.03 billion bushels, is up 32 percent from 2011. Soft Red Winter, at 428 million bushels, is down 6 percent from last year. White Winter is down 9 percent from last year and now totals 233 million bushels. Of this total, 14.1 million bushels are Hard White and 219 million bushels are Soft White. The United States all orange forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 8.91 million tons, up slightly from both the April 1 forecast and the 2010-2011 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 145 million boxes (6.53 million tons), is up slightly from the April 1 forecast and up 3 percent from last season's final utilization. Early, midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 74.2 million boxes (3.34 million tons), up slightly from the April 1 forecast and up 6 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 71.0 million boxes (3.20 million tons), is unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 1 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Harvest of Valencia oranges in Florida is ahead of last year. Drought conditions continue in Florida's citrus growing regions. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April. Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 1.61 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the April forecast but up 1 percent from last season's final yield of 1.59 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is 1.56 gallons per box, up 3 percent from last season's yield. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.71 gallons per box, 3 percent higher than last year's final yield of 1.66 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. This report was approved on May 10, 2012. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Karis T. Gutter Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Hubert Hamer Contents Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012..................................................................................................... 5 Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012..................................................................................................... 6 Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012...................................... 6 Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2010-2012................................. 7 Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2010-2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012... 9 Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012..................................................................................................... 10 Taro Area in Crop and Production - Hawaii: 2010 and 2011........................................................ 10 Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012....................................... 10 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010 and 2011......................... 11 Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2010 and 2011............................................... 11 Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011................................................................................................... 12 Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011..................... 14 Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011............................ 15 Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2010 and 2011............................ 16 Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2007-2011....................................................... 16 Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2007-2011...................................................... 17 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)................................. 18 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)....................................... 19 Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)................................... 20 Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)......................................... 21 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)...................................... 22 Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)........................................ 23 Percent of Normal Precipitation................................................................................. 24 Departure from Normal Temperature............................................................................... 24 April Weather Summary........................................................................................... 25 April Agricultural Summary...................................................................................... 25 Crop Comments................................................................................................... 27 Statistical Methodology......................................................................................... 30 Information Contacts............................................................................................ 32 Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- 1,000 acres -- -- bushels -- --- 1,000 bushels -- : Arkansas ........: 520 480 58.0 57.0 30,160 27,360 California ......: 420 350 85.0 80.0 35,700 28,000 Colorado ........: 2,000 2,250 39.0 41.0 78,000 92,250 Georgia .........: 200 200 55.0 52.0 11,000 10,400 Idaho ...........: 770 730 82.0 85.0 63,140 62,050 Illinois ........: 765 630 61.0 62.0 46,665 39,060 Indiana .........: 400 330 62.0 63.0 24,800 20,790 Kansas ..........: 7,900 9,000 35.0 43.0 276,500 387,000 Kentucky ........: 440 450 70.0 60.0 30,800 27,000 Maryland ........: 190 180 66.0 63.0 12,540 11,340 : Michigan ........: 680 540 75.0 74.0 51,000 39,960 Mississippi .....: 335 450 64.0 56.0 21,440 25,200 Missouri ........: 680 700 50.0 51.0 34,000 35,700 Montana .........: 2,190 2,120 41.0 40.0 89,790 84,800 Nebraska ........: 1,450 1,270 45.0 47.0 65,250 59,690 New York ........: 93 85 56.0 63.0 5,208 5,355 North Carolina ..: 610 750 68.0 60.0 41,480 45,000 North Dakota ....: 375 720 37.0 48.0 13,875 34,560 Ohio ............: 850 530 58.0 63.0 49,300 33,390 Oklahoma ........: 3,200 4,300 22.0 36.0 70,400 154,800 : Oregon ..........: 825 775 77.0 72.0 63,525 55,800 Pennsylvania ....: 170 150 51.0 61.0 8,670 9,150 South Carolina ..: 180 235 60.0 54.0 10,800 12,690 South Dakota ....: 1,590 1,300 42.0 44.0 66,780 57,200 Tennessee .......: 310 360 69.0 63.0 21,390 22,680 Texas ...........: 1,900 3,350 26.0 31.0 49,400 103,850 Virginia ........: 250 290 71.0 64.0 17,750 18,560 Washington ......: 1,730 1,670 75.0 69.0 129,750 115,230 Wisconsin .......: 335 250 65.0 67.0 21,775 16,750 : Other States 1/ .: 956 1,135 55.2 51.2 52,789 58,095 : United States ...: 32,314 35,580 46.2 47.6 1,493,677 1,693,710 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2012 Summary" report. Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 2012. Yield and production will be published in "Crop Production" released July 2012] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 acres --- bushels -- 1,000 bushels : Arizona ........: 79 99 101.0 115.0 7,979 11,385 California .....: 115 130 109.0 115.0 12,535 14,950 Montana ........: 385 28.0 10,780 North Dakota ...: 715 25.5 18,233 : Other States 1/ : 18 53.1 955 : United States ..: 1,312 38.5 50,482 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2012 Summary". Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 [Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicated estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Crop : 2011 : 2012 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 bushels : Winter : Hard red ............: 780,089 1,032,252 Soft red ............: 457,535 428,263 Hard white ..........: 12,368 14,060 Soft white ..........: 243,685 219,135 : Spring : Hard red ............: 397,689 Hard white ..........: 11,878 Soft white ..........: 45,621 Durum ...............: 50,482 : Total ............ : 1,999,347 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2010-2012 ------------------------------------------------------------- : December 1 : May 1 State :--------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2011 : 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 1,200 1,385 187 269 Arizona .......: 365 250 40 35 Arkansas ......: 2,050 1,550 380 340 California ....: 1,850 1,640 160 240 Colorado ......: 2,000 1,800 450 230 Connecticut ...: 45 55 12 12 Delaware ......: 19 13 3 4 Florida .......: 477 400 45 42 Georgia .......: 1,360 800 188 169 Idaho .........: 2,300 2,000 280 700 : Illinois ......: 1,310 980 320 300 Indiana .......: 1,200 1,300 225 165 Iowa ..........: 3,050 2,750 610 500 Kansas ........: 4,500 3,900 1,000 650 Kentucky ......: 4,392 3,840 799 775 Louisiana .....: 700 540 110 70 Maine .........: 120 133 23 35 Maryland ......: 310 360 65 80 Massachusetts .: 63 71 10 15 Michigan ......: 2,000 1,500 420 360 : Minnesota .....: 3,700 3,800 810 900 Mississippi ...: 1,175 1,486 137 251 Missouri ......: 6,500 5,450 1,325 1,025 Montana .......: 5,500 4,900 1,300 1,550 Nebraska ......: 4,700 4,275 1,335 1,070 Nevada ........: 819 830 46 238 New Hampshire .: 40 49 6 13 New Jersey ....: 110 81 17 12 New Mexico ....: 520 575 100 120 New York ......: 1,744 1,800 273 327 : North Carolina : 1,157 1,175 253 369 North Dakota ..: 5,370 6,100 1,250 1,700 Ohio ..........: 1,790 1,778 390 308 Oklahoma ......: 4,550 2,800 1,200 500 Oregon ........: 2,100 2,200 280 275 Pennsylvania ..: 1,950 1,950 340 450 Rhode Island ..: 8 8 1 1 South Carolina : 490 400 110 80 South Dakota ..: 7,850 8,400 1,850 2,400 Tennessee .....: 2,985 3,101 746 716 : Texas .........: 9,500 3,800 2,500 950 Utah ..........: 1,050 1,420 144 350 Vermont .......: 180 215 48 45 Virginia ......: 1,660 2,500 402 900 Washington ....: 1,607 1,460 350 230 West Virginia .: 790 953 190 285 Wisconsin .....: 3,278 2,653 1,122 925 Wyoming .......: 1,700 1,300 365 400 : United States .: 102,134 90,726 22,217 21,381 ------------------------------------------------------------- This page intentionally left blank. Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2010-2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 [The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Utilized production boxes 1/ : Utilized production ton equivalent Crop and State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010-2011 : 2011-2012 : 2010-2011 : 2011-2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------- 1,000 boxes ------- ------- 1,000 tons ------ Oranges : Early, mid, and Navel 2/ : California 3/ ..............: 48,000 44,000 1,920 1,760 Florida ....................: 70,300 74,200 3,164 3,339 Texas 3/ ...................: 1,700 1,165 72 50 : United States ..............: 120,000 119,365 5,156 5,149 : Valencia : California 3/ ..............: 14,500 14,000 580 560 Florida ....................: 70,200 71,000 3,159 3,195 Texas 3/ ...................: 249 224 11 10 : United States ..............: 84,949 85,224 3,750 3,765 : All : California 3/ ..............: 62,500 58,000 2,500 2,320 Florida ....................: 140,500 145,200 6,323 6,534 Texas 3/ ...................: 1,949 1,389 83 60 : United States ..............: 204,949 204,589 8,906 8,914 : Grapefruit : White : Florida ....................: 5,850 5,300 249 225 : Colored : Florida ....................: 13,900 13,500 591 574 : All : California 3/ ..............: 4,300 3,400 172 136 Florida ....................: 19,750 18,800 840 799 Texas 3/ ...................: 6,300 5,292 252 212 : United States ..............: 30,350 27,492 1,264 1,147 : Tangerines and mandarins : Arizona 3/ 4/ ................: 300 200 12 8 California 3/ 4/ .............: 9,900 9,800 396 392 Florida ......................: 4,650 4,300 221 204 : United States ................: 14,850 14,300 629 604 : Lemons 3/ : Arizona ......................: 2,500 800 100 32 California ...................: 20,500 19,500 820 780 : United States ................: 23,000 20,300 920 812 : Tangelos : Florida ......................: 1,150 1,150 52 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80; tangelos-90. 2/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida. 3/ Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast. 4/ Includes tangelos and tangors. Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ------ cwt ----- ---- 1,000 cwt ---- : Arizona ..........: 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 280 275 1,064 963 California .......: 28.1 29.5 28.0 29.5 390 395 10,920 11,653 Florida ..........: 36.4 36.9 35.6 36.3 256 260 9,112 9,438 Hastings area ..: 23.4 23.6 23.1 23.3 270 260 6,237 6,058 Other areas ....: 13.0 13.3 12.5 13.0 230 260 2,875 3,380 North Carolina ...: 17.0 18.0 16.5 17.5 170 200 2,805 3,500 Texas ............: 8.0 9.8 7.6 9.3 220 235 1,672 2,186 : United States ....: 93.3 97.7 91.5 96.1 279 289 25,573 27,740 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Taro Area in Crop and Production - Hawaii: 2010 and 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------- : Area in crop : Production State :------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------- : ---- acres ---- 1,000 pounds : Hawaii .......: 475 485 3,900 4,100 ---------------------------------------------------------- Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------ : Utilized production (shelled basis) State :--------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 ------------------------------------------------------------ : 1,000 pounds : California .........: 2,030,000 2,000,000 ------------------------------------------------------------ Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested : Yield per acre : Production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ acres ------ --- pounds --- --- 1,000 pounds --- : Connecticut .............: 2,600 2,070 1,582 1,494 4,112 3,092 Georgia .................: 11,400 11,900 2,350 2,250 26,790 26,775 Kentucky ................: 85,200 77,500 2,133 2,221 181,760 172,140 Massachusetts ...........: 950 570 1,867 1,570 1,774 895 North Carolina ..........: 168,300 162,300 2,095 1,550 352,625 251,565 Ohio ....................: 2,500 1,600 2,050 2,100 5,125 3,360 Pennsylvania ............: 8,500 9,700 2,349 2,129 19,965 20,655 South Carolina ..........: 16,000 15,500 2,250 1,700 36,000 26,350 Tennessee ...............: 22,300 22,000 2,051 2,062 45,740 45,363 Virginia ................: 19,750 21,900 2,243 2,197 44,299 48,125 : United States ...........: 337,500 325,040 2,128 1,841 718,190 598,320 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars ------- ------ 1,000 dollars ----- : Connecticut ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Georgia ............................: 1.730 1.740 46,347 46,589 Kentucky ...........................: 1.703 1.934 309,468 332,993 Massachusetts ......................: (D) (D) (D) (D) North Carolina .....................: 1.671 1.679 589,085 422,380 Ohio ...............................: 1.630 1.690 8,354 5,678 Pennsylvania .......................: 1.675 1.680 33,445 35,314 South Carolina .....................: 1.760 1.660 63,360 43,741 Tennessee ..........................: 2.058 2.157 94,140 97,859 Virginia ...........................: 1.772 1.789 78,479 81,089 : United States 1/ ...................: 1.782 1.815 1,279,920 1,084,039 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ Excludes estimated 2011 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts. Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area harvested :Yield per acre : Production Class, type, and State :------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- acres ----- --- pounds --- 1,000 pounds : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ...............................: 11,400 11,900 2,350 2,250 26,790 26,775 North Carolina ........................: 166,000 160,000 2,100 1,550 348,600 248,000 South Carolina ........................: 16,000 15,500 2,250 1,700 36,000 26,350 Virginia ..............................: 17,500 19,500 2,280 2,230 39,900 43,485 : United States .........................: 210,900 206,900 2,140 1,666 451,290 344,610 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ..............................: 8,800 9,100 3,300 3,400 29,040 30,940 Tennessee .............................: 6,200 6,900 2,900 2,890 17,980 19,941 Virginia ..............................: 650 400 2,090 2,100 1,359 840 : United States .........................: 15,650 16,400 3,091 3,154 48,379 51,721 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky ............................: 72,000 64,000 1,950 2,000 140,400 128,000 North Carolina ......................: 2,300 2,300 1,750 1,550 4,025 3,565 Ohio ................................: 2,500 1,600 2,050 2,100 5,125 3,360 Pennsylvania ........................: 4,200 5,000 2,400 2,200 10,080 11,000 Tennessee ...........................: 15,000 14,000 1,660 1,610 24,900 22,540 Virginia ............................: 1,600 2,000 1,900 1,900 3,040 3,800 : United States .......................: 97,600 88,900 1,922 1,938 187,570 172,265 : Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt : Pennsylvania ........................: 2,200 3,000 2,250 2,000 4,950 6,000 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ...... : 99,800 91,900 1,929 1,940 192,520 178,265 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) ... : Kentucky ..............................: 4,400 4,400 2,800 3,000 12,320 13,200 Tennessee .............................: 1,100 1,100 2,600 2,620 2,860 2,882 : United States .........................: 5,500 5,500 2,760 2,924 15,180 16,082 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Pennsylvania ........................: 2,100 1,700 2,350 2,150 4,935 3,655 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf : Connecticut .........................: 1,950 1,350 1,625 1,650 3,169 2,228 Massachusetts .......................: 850 440 1,890 1,680 1,607 739 : United States .......................: 2,800 1,790 1,706 1,658 4,776 2,967 : Class 6, Cigar wrapper : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown: Connecticut .........................: 650 720 1,450 1,200 943 864 Massachusetts .......................: 100 130 1,670 1,200 167 156 : United States .......................: 750 850 1,480 1,200 1,110 1,020 : Total cigar types (41-61) .......... : 5,650 4,340 1,915 1,761 10,821 7,642 : All tobacco : United States .........................: 337,500 325,040 2,128 1,841 718,190 598,320 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 (continued) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price per pound : Value of production : pound : production Class, type, and State :----------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars ----- ---- 1,000 dollars ---- : Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14) : Georgia ................................: 1.730 1.740 46,347 46,589 North Carolina .........................: 1.670 1.680 582,162 416,640 South Carolina .........................: 1.760 1.660 63,360 43,741 Virginia ...............................: 1.770 1.670 70,623 72,620 : United States ..........................: 1.690 1.682 762,492 579,590 : Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23) : Kentucky ...............................: 2.450 2.550 71,148 78,897 Tennessee ..............................: 2.530 2.590 45,489 51,647 Virginia ...............................: 2.000 2.030 2,718 1,705 : United States ..........................: 2.467 2.557 119,355 132,249 : Class 3A, Light air-cured : Type 31, Burley : Kentucky .............................: 1.500 1.750 210,600 224,000 North Carolina .......................: 1.720 1.610 6,923 5,740 Ohio .................................: 1.630 1.690 8,354 5,678 Pennsylvania .........................: 1.700 1.800 17,136 19,800 Tennessee ............................: 1.700 1.760 42,330 39,670 Virginia .............................: 1.690 1.780 5,138 6,764 : United States ........................: 1.549 1.751 290,481 301,652 : Type 32, Southern Maryland : Pennsylvania .........................: 1.550 1.550 7,673 9,300 : Total light air-cured (31-32) ....... : 1.549 1.744 298,154 310,952 : Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) : Kentucky ...............................: 2.250 2.280 27,720 30,096 Tennessee ..............................: 2.210 2.270 6,321 6,542 : United States ..........................: 2.242 2.278 34,041 36,638 : Class 4, Cigar filler : Pennsylvania .........................: 1.750 1.700 8,636 6,214 : Class 5, Cigar binder : Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf : Connecticut ..........................: 5.750 6.200 18,222 13,814 Massachusetts ........................: 4.250 6.200 6,830 4,582 : United States ........................: 5.245 6.200 25,052 18,396 : Class 6, Cigar wrapper : Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown : Connecticut ..........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) Massachusetts ........................: (D) (D) (D) (D) : United States ........................: 29.000 (D) 32,190 (D) : Total cigar types (41-61) ........... : 6.088 (D) 65,878 (D) : All tobacco 1/ : United States ..........................: 1.782 1.815 1,279,920 1,084,039 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1/ The 2011 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested : Yield per acre Type and State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------------- 1,000 acres --------------- ---- pounds ---- : Upland : Alabama .........: 340.0 460.0 338.0 443.0 682 742 Arizona .........: 195.0 250.0 193.0 248.0 1,517 1,548 Arkansas ........: 545.0 680.0 540.0 660.0 1,045 929 California ......: 124.0 182.0 123.0 181.0 1,483 1,474 Florida .........: 92.0 122.0 89.0 118.0 766 744 Georgia .........: 1,330.0 1,600.0 1,315.0 1,495.0 821 791 Kansas ..........: 51.0 80.0 50.0 65.0 787 510 Louisiana .......: 255.0 295.0 249.0 290.0 842 846 Mississippi .....: 420.0 630.0 410.0 605.0 993 952 Missouri ........: 310.0 375.0 308.0 367.0 1,068 969 : New Mexico ......: 48.0 70.0 47.0 58.0 1,174 1,059 North Carolina ..: 550.0 805.0 545.0 800.0 838 616 Oklahoma ........: 285.0 415.0 270.0 70.0 750 597 South Carolina ..: 202.0 303.0 201.0 301.0 898 828 Tennessee .......: 390.0 495.0 387.0 490.0 845 796 Texas ...........: 5,550.0 7,550.0 5,350.0 2,850.0 703 589 Virginia ........: 83.0 116.0 82.0 115.0 732 676 : United States ...: 10,770.0 14,428.0 10,497.0 9,156.0 805 772 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 2.5 10.0 2.5 10.0 845 960 California ......: 182.0 274.0 180.0 273.0 1,237 1,380 New Mexico ......: 2.7 3.4 2.7 3.4 836 875 Texas ...........: 17.0 20.0 16.5 18.5 902 1,038 : United States ...: 204.2 307.4 201.7 304.9 1,200 1,340 : All : Alabama .........: 340.0 460.0 338.0 443.0 682 742 Arizona .........: 197.5 260.0 195.5 258.0 1,509 1,526 Arkansas ........: 545.0 680.0 540.0 660.0 1,045 929 California ......: 306.0 456.0 303.0 454.0 1,337 1,418 Florida .........: 92.0 122.0 89.0 118.0 766 744 Georgia .........: 1,330.0 1,600.0 1,315.0 1,495.0 821 791 Kansas ..........: 51.0 80.0 50.0 65.0 787 510 Louisiana .......: 255.0 295.0 249.0 290.0 842 846 Mississippi .....: 420.0 630.0 410.0 605.0 993 952 Missouri ........: 310.0 375.0 308.0 367.0 1,068 969 : New Mexico ......: 50.7 73.4 49.7 61.4 1,156 1,049 North Carolina ..: 550.0 805.0 545.0 800.0 838 616 Oklahoma ........: 285.0 415.0 270.0 70.0 750 597 South Carolina ..: 202.0 303.0 201.0 301.0 898 828 Tennessee .......: 390.0 495.0 387.0 490.0 845 796 Texas ...........: 5,567.0 7,570.0 5,366.5 2,868.5 704 592 Virginia ........: 83.0 116.0 82.0 115.0 732 676 : United States ...: 10,974.2 14,735.4 10,698.7 9,460.9 812 790 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production in : : Bales ginned in Type and State : 480-pound net weight : Lint seed : 480-pound net weight : bales 1/ : ratio 2/ : bales 3/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 bales --- ------ ratio ----- -------- bales -------- : Upland : Alabama .........: 480.0 685.0 (NA) (NA) 473,950 702,350 Arizona .........: 610.0 800.0 (NA) (NA) 577,200 755,050 Arkansas ........: 1,176.0 1,277.0 (NA) (NA) 1,128,250 1,226,750 California ......: 380.0 556.0 (NA) (NA) 411,050 599,450 Florida .........: 142.0 183.0 (NA) (NA) 120,950 136,500 Georgia .........: 2,250.0 2,465.0 (NA) (NA) 2,279,450 2,496,950 Kansas ..........: 82.0 69.0 (NA) (NA) 83,550 71,050 Louisiana .......: 437.0 511.0 (NA) (NA) 446,650 524,900 Mississippi .....: 848.0 1,200.0 (NA) (NA) 832,800 1,173,400 Missouri ........: 685.0 741.0 (NA) (NA) 727,050 779,250 : New Mexico ......: 115.0 128.0 (NA) (NA) 44,250 62,900 North Carolina ..: 951.0 1,026.0 (NA) (NA) 971,650 1,063,450 Oklahoma ........: 422.0 87.0 (NA) (NA) 406,400 71,450 South Carolina ..: 376.0 519.0 (NA) (NA) 367,400 499,400 Tennessee .......: 681.0 813.0 (NA) (NA) 681,250 827,700 Texas ...........: 7,840.0 3,500.0 (NA) (NA) 7,920,200 3,577,700 Virginia ........: 125.0 162.0 (NA) (NA) 110,550 140,800 : United States ...: 17,600.0 14,722.0 (NA) (NA) 17,582,600 14,709,050 : American Pima : Arizona .........: 4.4 20.0 (NA) (NA) 4,350 20,500 California ......: 464.0 785.0 (NA) (NA) 463,650 783,200 New Mexico ......: 4.7 6.2 (NA) (NA) 5,850 7,650 Texas ...........: 31.0 40.0 (NA) (NA) 29,450 37,600 : United States ...: 504.1 851.2 (NA) (NA) 503,300 848,950 : All : Alabama .........: 480.0 685.0 (NA) (NA) 473,950 702,350 Arizona .........: 614.4 820.0 (NA) (NA) 581,550 775,550 Arkansas ........: 1,176.0 1,277.0 0.412 0.412 1,128,250 1,226,750 California ......: 844.0 1,341.0 (NA) (NA) 874,700 1,382,650 Florida .........: 142.0 183.0 (NA) (NA) 120,950 136,500 Georgia .........: 2,250.0 2,465.0 0.440 0.442 2,279,450 2,496,950 Kansas ..........: 82.0 69.0 (NA) (NA) 83,550 71,050 Louisiana .......: 437.0 511.0 0.433 0.431 446,650 524,900 Mississippi .....: 848.0 1,200.0 0.418 0.415 832,800 1,173,400 Missouri ........: 685.0 741.0 (NA) (NA) 727,050 779,250 : New Mexico ......: 119.7 134.2 (NA) (NA) 50,100 70,550 North Carolina ..: 951.0 1,026.0 0.437 0.437 971,650 1,063,450 Oklahoma ........: 422.0 87.0 (NA) (NA) 406,400 71,450 South Carolina ..: 376.0 519.0 (NA) (NA) 367,400 499,400 Tennessee .......: 681.0 813.0 (NA) (NA) 681,250 827,700 Texas ...........: 7,871.0 3,540.0 0.410 0.409 7,949,650 3,615,300 Virginia ........: 125.0 162.0 (NA) (NA) 110,550 140,800 : United States ...: 18,104.1 15,573.2 (NA) (NA) 18,085,900 15,558,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Production ginned and to be ginned. 2/ Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average. 3/ Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement. Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2010 and 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Farm disposition : : :-----------------------------------: Seed for : Production : Sales to : : planting 2/ State : : oil mills : Other 1/ : :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 : 2010 : 2011 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 tons : Alabama .......: 149.0 215.0 15.0 35.0 134.0 180.0 2.3 2.0 Arizona .......: 219.5 299.0 - - 219.5 299.0 2.0 1.5 Arkansas ......: 404.0 437.0 331.0 355.0 73.0 82.0 4.6 4.0 California ....: 330.0 565.0 75.0 92.0 255.0 473.0 4.1 3.5 Florida .......: 40.0 53.0 32.0 52.0 8.0 1.0 0.6 0.6 Georgia .......: 704.0 756.0 379.0 407.0 325.0 349.0 8.6 7.6 Kansas ........: 30.0 26.0 - - 30.0 26.0 0.4 0.3 Louisiana .....: 138.0 166.0 94.0 132.0 44.0 34.0 1.9 1.7 Mississippi ...: 291.0 421.0 226.0 318.0 65.0 103.0 4.3 4.0 Missouri ......: 237.0 341.0 155.0 232.0 82.0 109.0 2.5 2.5 : New Mexico ....: 41.6 45.0 - - 41.6 45.0 0.5 0.4 North Carolina : 287.0 313.0 49.0 29.0 238.0 284.0 5.3 4.6 Oklahoma ......: 146.0 31.0 122.0 23.0 24.0 8.0 2.3 1.9 South Carolina : 123.0 154.0 75.0 64.0 48.0 90.0 1.2 1.4 Tennessee .....: 235.0 272.0 227.0 244.0 8.0 28.0 3.2 2.8 Texas .........: 2,685.0 1,228.0 1,474.0 712.0 1,211.0 516.0 53.0 47.7 Virginia ......: 38.0 48.0 - - 38.0 48.0 1.0 0.9 : United States .: 6,098.1 5,370.0 3,254.0 2,695.0 2,844.1 2,675.0 97.8 87.4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Represents zero. 1/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. Cotton Objective Yield Data The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2011. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2007-2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : pounds : Arkansas .......: 146 144 198 99 93 Georgia ........: 185 146 186 139 99 Louisiana ......: 136 147 135 118 148 Mississippi ....: 103 118 116 107 100 North Carolina .: 134 195 150 188 277 Texas ..........: 52 65 37 63 66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2007-2011 [Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : State and month : 2007 : 2008 : 2009 : 2010 : 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : number : Arkansas : September ..........: 790 943 1,051 911 901 October ............: 839 810 814 893 845 November ...........: 849 852 803 897 867 December ...........: 849 846 794 894 868 Final ..............: 849 846 794 894 868 : Georgia : September ..........: 616 587 571 609 531 October ............: 570 613 731 606 577 November ...........: 707 733 712 686 659 December ...........: 708 742 737 683 665 Final ..............: 708 742 740 683 666 : Louisiana : September ..........: 796 655 714 699 938 October ............: 808 578 792 755 948 November ...........: 841 579 756 789 949 December ...........: 841 579 788 781 949 Final ..............: 841 579 788 781 949 : Mississippi : September ..........: 819 909 925 864 898 October ............: 745 679 833 773 848 November ...........: 747 728 717 776 874 December ...........: 747 722 722 776 875 Final ..............: 747 722 722 776 875 : North Carolina : September ..........: 527 667 701 681 553 October ............: 601 652 730 675 610 November ...........: 625 702 779 689 646 December ...........: 625 704 777 689 646 Final ..............: 625 704 777 689 646 : Texas : September ..........: 602 633 613 658 540 October ............: 538 513 522 534 478 November ...........: 631 579 502 589 515 December ...........: 632 573 502 589 520 Final ..............: 632 570 502 589 520 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 acres : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 2,559 3,333 2,239 Corn for grain 1/ ..............: 91,921 95,864 83,981 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 5,928 Hay, all .......................: (NA) (NA) 55,633 57,348 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 19,213 All other ....................: (NA) 36,420 Oats ...........................: 2,496 2,863 939 Proso millet ...................: 370 338 Rice ...........................: 2,689 2,561 2,618 Rye ............................: 1,266 242 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 5,481 5,950 3,929 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 224 Wheat, all .....................: 54,409 55,908 45,705 Winter .......................: 40,646 41,709 32,314 35,580 Durum ........................: 1,369 2,223 1,312 Other spring .................: 12,394 11,976 12,079 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1,071.5 1,557.2 1,043.0 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 178 289 173 Mustard seed ...................: 23.2 21.8 Peanuts ........................: 1,140.6 1,422.0 1,097.6 Rapeseed .......................: 1.5 1.3 Safflower ......................: 130.7 127.3 Soybeans for beans .............: 74,976 73,902 73,636 Sunflower ......................: 1,543.0 1,808.0 1,457.8 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all ....................: 14,735.4 13,155.0 9,460.9 Upland .......................: 14,428.0 12,885.0 9,156.0 American Pima ................: 307.4 270.0 304.9 Sugarbeets .....................: 1,232.8 1,241.3 1,213.1 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 874.0 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 325.0 318.0 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 18.0 21.0 12.3 Dry edible beans ...............: 1,205.9 1,669.9 1,155.9 Dry edible peas ................: 362.0 619.0 342.8 Lentils ........................: 428.0 518.0 411.0 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 6.3 Hops ...........................: (NA) 29.8 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 74.0 Potatoes, all ..................: 1,098.9 1,076.7 Spring .......................: 93.3 97.7 91.5 96.1 Summer .......................: 48.2 46.0 Fall .........................: 957.4 939.2 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 17.3 Sweet potatoes .................: 134.2 133.4 130.3 Taro (Hawaii) 2/ ...............: (NA) 0.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per acre : Production Crop :---------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- : Grains and hay : Barley ..........................bushels: 69.6 155,780 Corn for grain ..................bushels: 147.2 12,358,412 Corn for silage ....................tons: 18.4 108,926 Hay, all ...........................tons: 2.36 131,144 Alfalfa ..........................tons: 3.40 65,332 All other ........................tons: 1.81 65,812 Oats ............................bushels: 57.1 53,649 Proso millet ....................bushels: 27.1 9,149 Rice 1/ .............................cwt: 7,067 185,009 Rye .............................bushels: 26.1 6,326 Sorghum for grain ...............bushels: 54.6 214,443 Sorghum for silage .................tons: 10.3 2,298 Wheat, all ......................bushels: 43.7 1,999,347 Winter ........................bushels: 46.2 47.6 1,493,677 1,693,710 Durum .........................bushels: 38.5 50,482 Other spring ..................bushels: 37.7 455,188 : Oilseeds : Canola ...........................pounds: 1,475 1,538,010 Cottonseed .........................tons: (X) 5,370.0 Flaxseed ........................bushels: 16.1 2,791 Mustard seed .....................pounds: 718 15,644 Peanuts ..........................pounds: 3,313 3,636,320 Rapeseed .........................pounds: 2,177 2,830 Safflower ........................pounds: 1,333 169,671 Soybeans for beans ..............bushels: 41.5 3,056,032 Sunflower ........................pounds: 1,398 2,038,275 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops : Cotton, all 1/ ....................bales: 790 15,573.2 Upland 1/ .......................bales: 772 14,722.0 American Pima 1/ ................bales: 1,340 851.2 Sugarbeets .........................tons: 23.7 28,789 Sugarcane ..........................tons: 33.5 29,307 Tobacco ..........................pounds: 1,841 598,320 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas 1/ .............cwt: 1,463 180 Dry edible beans 1/ .................cwt: 1,716 19,833 Dry edible peas 1/ ..................cwt: 1,641 5,625 Lentils 1/ ..........................cwt: 1,151 4,732 Wrinkled seed peas ..................cwt: (NA) 509 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ..................pounds: 1,320 8,300 Hops .............................pounds: 2,175 64,781.6 Peppermint oil ...................pounds: 89 6,570 Potatoes, all .......................cwt: 397 427,406 Spring ............................cwt: 279 289 25,573 27,740 Summer ............................cwt: 282 12,960 Fall ..............................cwt: 414 388,873 Spearmint oil ....................pounds: 132 2,286 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 208 27,041 Taro (Hawaii) ....................pounds: (NA) 4,100 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Yield in pounds. Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Area planted : Area harvested Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : hectares : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 1,035,600 1,348,830 906,100 Corn for grain 1/ ..............:37,199,510 38,795,200 33,986,270 Corn for silage ................: (NA) 2,399,000 Hay, all 2/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 22,514,120 23,208,160 Alfalfa ......................: (NA) 7,775,310 All other ....................: (NA) 14,738,810 Oats ...........................: 1,010,110 1,158,630 380,000 Proso millet ...................: 149,740 136,790 Rice ...........................: 1,088,210 1,036,410 1,059,480 Rye ............................: 512,340 97,930 Sorghum for grain 1/ ...........: 2,218,110 2,407,910 1,590,030 Sorghum for silage .............: (NA) 90,650 Wheat, all 2/ ..................:22,018,780 22,625,410 18,496,360 Winter .......................:16,449,030 16,879,220 13,077,150 14,398,870 Durum ........................: 554,020 899,630 530,950 Other spring .................: 5,015,730 4,846,570 4,888,250 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 433,630 630,180 422,090 Cottonseed .....................: (X) (X) (X) Flaxseed .......................: 72,030 116,960 70,010 Mustard seed ...................: 9,390 8,820 Peanuts ........................: 461,590 575,470 444,190 Rapeseed .......................: 610 530 Safflower ......................: 52,890 51,520 Soybeans for beans .............:30,342,040 29,907,400 29,799,750 Sunflower ......................: 624,440 731,680 589,960 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 2/ .................: 5,963,270 5,323,700 3,828,730 Upland .......................: 5,838,870 5,214,430 3,705,340 American Pima ................: 124,400 109,270 123,390 Sugarbeets .....................: 498,900 502,340 490,930 Sugarcane ......................: (NA) 353,700 Tobacco ........................: (NA) (NA) 131,540 128,670 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 7,280 8,500 4,980 Dry edible beans ...............: 488,020 675,790 467,780 Dry edible peas ................: 146,500 250,500 138,730 Lentils ........................: 173,210 209,630 166,330 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) (NA) : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: (NA) 2,550 Hops ...........................: (NA) 12,050 Peppermint oil .................: (NA) 29,950 Potatoes, all 2/ ...............: 444,710 435,730 Spring .......................: 37,760 39,540 37,030 38,890 Summer .......................: 19,510 18,620 Fall .........................: 387,450 380,080 Spearmint oil ..................: (NA) 7,000 Sweet potatoes .................: 54,310 53,990 52,730 Taro (Hawaii) 3/ ...............: (NA) 200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Area planted for all purposes. 2/ Total may not add due to rounding. 3/ Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Yield per hectare : Production Crop :----------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 : 2011 : 2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Grains and hay : Barley .........................: 3.74 3,391,710 Corn for grain .................: 9.24 313,918,120 Corn for silage ................: 41.19 98,816,000 Hay, all 1/ ....................: 5.28 118,971,840 Alfalfa ......................: 7.62 59,268,190 All other ....................: 4.05 59,703,640 Oats ...........................: 2.05 778,710 Proso millet ...................: 1.52 207,500 Rice ...........................: 7.92 8,391,870 Rye ............................: 1.64 160,690 Sorghum for grain ..............: 3.43 5,447,100 Sorghum for silage .............: 23.00 2,084,710 Wheat, all 1/ ..................: 2.94 54,413,310 Winter .......................: 3.11 3.20 40,651,230 46,095,230 Durum ........................: 2.59 1,373,890 Other spring .................: 2.53 12,388,190 : Oilseeds : Canola .........................: 1.65 697,630 Cottonseed .....................: (X) 4,871,580 Flaxseed .......................: 1.01 70,890 Mustard seed ...................: 0.80 7,100 Peanuts ........................: 3.71 1,649,410 Rapeseed .......................: 2.44 1,280 Safflower ......................: 1.49 76,960 Soybeans for beans .............: 2.79 83,171,560 Sunflower ......................: 1.57 924,550 : Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops: Cotton, all 1/ .................: 0.89 3,390,660 Upland .......................: 0.87 3,205,340 American Pima ................: 1.50 185,330 Sugarbeets .....................: 53.20 26,116,940 Sugarcane ......................: 75.17 26,586,860 Tobacco ........................: 2.06 271,390 : Dry beans, peas, and lentils : Austrian winter peas ...........: 1.64 8,160 Dry edible beans ...............: 1.92 899,610 Dry edible peas ................: 1.84 255,150 Lentils ........................: 1.29 214,640 Wrinkled seed peas .............: (NA) 23,090 : Potatoes and miscellaneous : Coffee (Hawaii) ................: 1.48 3,760 Hops ...........................: 2.44 29,380 Peppermint oil .................: 0.10 2,980 Potatoes, all 1/ ...............: 44.49 19,386,810 Spring .......................: 31.33 32.35 1,159,970 1,258,270 Summer .......................: 31.58 587,860 Fall .........................: 46.41 17,638,980 Spearmint oil ..................: 0.15 1,040 Sweet potatoes .................: 23.26 1,226,560 Taro (Hawaii) ..................: (NA) 1,860 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable. 1/ Production may not add due to rounding. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ............................tons: 1,264 1,147 Lemons ................................tons: 920 812 Oranges ...............................tons: 8,906 8,914 Tangelos (Florida) ....................tons: 52 52 Tangerines and mandarins ..............tons: 629 604 : Noncitrus : Apples ....................... 1,000 pounds: 9,429.9 Apricots ..............................tons: 66.7 Bananas (Hawaii) ....................pounds: Grapes ................................tons: 7,231.3 Olives (California) ...................tons: 71.2 Papayas (Hawaii) ....................pounds: Peaches ...............................tons: 1,062.5 Pears .................................tons: 940.7 Prunes, dried (California) ............tons: 130.0 Prunes and plums (excludes California) tons: 12.9 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .......pounds: 2,030,000 2,000,000 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........tons: 39 Pecans, in-shell ....................pounds: 271,400 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........tons: 461 Maple syrup ........................gallons: 2,794 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units) [Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Production Crop :--------------------------------------- : 2011 : 2012 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : metric tons : Citrus 1/ : Grapefruit ................................: 1,146,680 1,040,540 Lemons ....................................: 834,610 736,630 Oranges ...................................: 8,079,390 8,086,640 Tangelos (Florida) ........................: 47,170 47,170 Tangerines and mandarins ..................: 570,620 547,940 : Noncitrus : Apples ....................................: 4,277,330 Apricots ..................................: 60,460 Bananas (Hawaii) ..........................: Grapes ....................................: 6,560,130 Olives (California) .......................: 64,590 Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................: Peaches ...................................: 963,920 Pears .....................................: 853,410 Prunes, dried (California) ................: 117,930 Prunes and plums (excludes California) ....: 11,700 : Nuts and miscellaneous : Almonds, shelled (California) .............: 920,790 907,180 Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..............: 35,380 Pecans, in-shell ..........................: 123,100 Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............: 418,210 Maple syrup ...............................: 13,970 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. April Weather Summary Most of the Nation continued to experience unusually warm weather, with record-setting April warmth noted across portions of the southern Plains. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5 degrees Fahrenheit above normal at numerous locations on the central and southern High Plains. Cooler-than-normal weather was generally limited to areas along the Pacific Coast and parts of the Great Lakes region and Northeastern States. In the latter region, early-blooming fruit crops were threatened by a series of freezes, the worst of which struck much of Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania from April 27-30. During April, significantly above average precipitation was mostly limited to the Pacific Coast States, the northern Rockies, southern Florida, northern Maine, and parts of the Plains and upper Midwest. Rainfall was especially important across the northern Plains and upper Midwest, where dryness had begun to develop in late-summer 2011. In contrast, mostly dry weather prevailed across the eastern Corn Belt and much of the South. Planting advanced quickly across the dry regions, but pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops were in need of moisture in drought-affected areas of the southern High Plains and the lower Southeast. Meanwhile, cool, showery weather slowed spring fieldwork and crop development in California and the Northwest. Elsewhere, further deterioration of water-supply prospects occurred in the Four Corners States, where April warmth prematurely melted already meager snowpacks. April Agricultural Summary Warmer than normal temperatures and generally adequate soil moisture levels during April promoted record-setting planting and development paces for many crops. Average temperatures were more than 8 degrees above normal in areas of the Rocky Mountains and Texas during the month, while near-normal temperatures prevailed along the Pacific Coast and throughout the Ohio Valley. Precipitation totals for the month were below normal throughout much of the United States. In the Southeast, dry conditions limited cotton and peanut planting in some fields. Elsewhere, moisture benefitted small grain development in the Great Plains while limiting fieldwork in portions of the Pacific Northwest and California. By April 1, corn planting was active in half of the 18 major estimating States, with 3 percent of the Nation's crop in the ground, slightly ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. While favorably warm early-spring weather across most of the major corn-producing regions promoted an early start to fieldwork, producers in some locations remained hesitant out of concern of a spring freeze. Warm, dry weather continued throughout the month, providing ample time for fieldwork. Emergence was 9 percent complete by April 22, seven percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Producers continued planting at a blistering pace during the second half of the month. By April 29, fifty-three percent of the Nation's crop was in the ground, 26 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with progress 21 percentage points or more ahead of normal in 7 of the top 10 producing States. With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 13 percent of this year's sorghum crop was planted as April began, 3 percentage points behind last year but on par with the 5-year average. Heavy rainfall in portions of central and eastern Texas delayed planting and pushed progress behind both last year and the average pace for the State. Conversely, producers in Arkansas utilized warm, mostly dry conditions to plant 20 percent of their crop during the week ending April 15, leaving progress, 48 percentage points ahead of normal. As April continued, favorable weather conditions and mostly adequate soil moisture levels provided ideal planting conditions in many of the major growing regions. By month's end, planting was active in all States, with nearly one-quarter of the crop was planted, slightly ahead of both last year and normal. Warmer than normal temperatures prompted an early start to oat seeding. By April 1, producers had seeded 48 percent of the Nation's crop, 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with seeding complete in Texas. Fieldwork continued at a rapid pace throughout the major growing regions as the month progressed. By mid-month, seeding was 23 percentage points or more ahead of normal in all major estimating States. Warm temperatures aided a rapid crop development pace, and by April 22, fifty-eight percent of the crop was at or beyond emergence, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Beneficial soil moisture levels in most locations boosted crop conditions. Overall, 73 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on April 29. With the accelerated pace of emergence this year, comparable data from last year was not available as this was the earliest crop conditions had ever been estimated. Nationally, 8 percent of the barley crop was seeded by April 1, four percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with progress most advanced in Idaho. Fieldwork continued at a rapid pace across much of the Northern Tier, with seeding well ahead of the normal pace in Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota by mid-month. Conversely, cooler than normal temperatures and precipitation hampered seeding in Washington. Emergence was well underway by April 22, ahead of both last year and normal, and gained speed toward month's end. Nearly ideal weather conditions provided ample time for fieldwork during the second half of the month, and by April 29, two-thirds of the barley crop was seeded, the quickest pace on record, with emergence 21 percent complete, 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. An unusually mild winter in many of the major winter wheat-producing regions made for early dormancy break and rapid crop development this spring. By April 15, twenty-nine percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading stage, 18 percentage points ahead of last year and 21 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Above average temperatures and increased moisture in many southern locations improved winter wheat conditions during the month, and helped to maintain a fast development pace. By April 29, heading had advanced to 54 percent complete, 30 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with 64 percent of the crop rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 34 percent from the same time last year. Spring wheat producers were busy seeding this year's crop as April began, with progress 16 percentage points or more ahead of normal in Minnesota and the Dakotas by April 8. Nearly ideal weather conditions in many areas provided ample time for fieldwork and crop development as the month progressed. Conversely, wet fields and cool temperatures in Washington left producers in some locations waiting for improved conditions before seeding their crop. By April 29, seventy-four percent of the Nation's crop was sown, 42 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, and the quickest pace on record. While seeding was well ahead of normal in most States, progress in Washington was behind normal but gaining speed as more fields dried out and became conducive to fieldwork. Thirty percent of t he spring wheat crop was emerged by April 29, twenty-seven percentage points ahead of last year and 22 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As April began, rice producers in the Delta and Texas were busy seeding this year's crop. Warm temperatures coupled with adequate soil moisture levels left seeding in Arkansas, the largest rice-producing State, advancing at the quickest pace on record. Elsewhere, rainfall hampered paddy drainage in California, but producers readied fields as weather conditions permitted. Seeding and emergence remained fast throughout the month. While producers in the Delta applied fertilizers and herbicides toward month's end, seeding was just beginning in California. By April 29, producers had sown 72 percent of the Nation's rice crop, 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence had advanced to 60 percent complete, 27 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 65 percent of the rice crop was reported in good to excellent condition on April 29. Due to the accelerated emergence pace this year, comparable data from last year was not available as this was the earliest crop conditions had ever been estimated. With the exception of Virginia, peanut producers in the major estimating States were busy planting this year's crop by April 22. Planting was most advanced in Florida, where warmer than normal spring temperatures had producers preparing fields earlier this year. Nationwide, 13 percent of the peanut crop was planted by April 29, seven percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Rainfall was needed across much of the Southeast, and producers expected to limit planting activities in some areas until soil moisture levels improved. Cotton planting was active in a limited number of States when April began, with progress most advanced in Arizona. In Texas, planting in southern regions had been underway since mid-March, while producers in the Plains regions were pre-irrigating fields and applying herbicides in preparation for planting. Overall planting was slow during the first half of the month due to hesitant producers in the Plains and western regions of Texas weighing the costs of seed against mostly dry soil conditions. Despite sunny skies providing ample time for planting in California toward month's end, overall progress remained behind normal. In the Delta, producers planted 26 percent or more of their crop during the seven days ending April 29. Nationally, 26 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 29, ten percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. During April, favorable temperatures and adequate soil moisture levels had producers in the major sugarbeet-producing States planting this year's crop at a record pace. By April 22, planting in Idaho and Michigan was nearing completion. Strong, late-month winds in south-central Idaho damaged a portion of crop. By April 29, producers had planted 94 percent of the Nation's crop, 81 percentage points, or over a month, ahead of last year, and 46 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Crop Comments Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.69 billion bushels, up 13 percent from 2011. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, up 1.4 bushels from last year. Expected grain area totals 35.6 million acres, up 10 percent from last year. As of May 1, sixty-four percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 30 points above the same week in 2011, and heading had reached 54 percent, 30 points ahead of the 5-year average. The combination of a mild winter and spring, paired with timely precipitation, resulted in beneficial growing conditions in the Great Plains States. Precipitation this spring not only aided the winter wheat crop, but also improved pasture and hay fields, leading cattle producers to harvest wheat acreage for grain instead of hay. Current crop conditions have improved from last year in all major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing states except Montana and South Dakota. As of May 1, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was 27 points or more higher than last year, contributing to forecasted yield increases for those States. Crop conditions were varied in several of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States due to cooler than normal spring temperatures. Yields are forecasted to be down in the Coastal Plains States and the Southeast, where many States set record yields in 2011. However, yields are expected to be up from last year in much of the Corn Belt and the Northeast. Warmer temperatures and adequate moisture in the Pacific Northwest left growers optimistic after a predominantly cool start to the spring growing season. As of May 1, crop conditions reported as good to excellent were unchanged in Idaho, down 8 points in Oregon, while up 18 points in Washington compared to last year. Yields are forecast to be down from last year in Oregon and Washington but up in Idaho. Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 26.3 million bushels, up 28 percent from the previous year. Due to warm spring weather in California, crop development advanced ahead of normal. If realized, Arizona and California's yield of 115.0 bushels per acre will be record highs. Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2012, totaled 21.4 million tons, down 4 percent from a year ago. Disappearance from December 1, 2011 - May 1, 2012 totaled 69.3 million tons, compared with 79.9 million tons for the same period a year ago. This is the smallest disappearance since 1985. Compared with last year, hay stocks as a percent of production increased across much of the Northern Tier and in many eastern States. Mild temperatures coupled with limited snowpack left many pastures and ranges accessible to livestock herds for longer periods of time during the winter allowing producers to feed less hay. Similarly, beneficial rainfall throughout much of the spring and summer boosted pasture growth in many Atlantic Coast States, delaying the need for supplemental feedstuffs as winter approached. Elsewhere, on-farm stocks declined from last year in a number Great Plains States, as prolonged drought conditions hampered pasture growth and forced many livestock producers to feed an increased amount of hay to their herds. Almonds: The 2012 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 2.00 billion pounds, down 1 percent from last year's revised record production of 2.03 billion pounds. Early spring frost and hail in major producing areas led to scattered reports of damage. Disease and insect pressure have been minimal. Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2011 crop year is estimated at 4.10 million pounds, up 5 percent from the previous year. Area in crop, at 485 acres, was up 2 percent from 2010. Weather conditions varied depending on location. Growers in some areas experienced drought conditions while others experienced excess precipitation. Growers reported apple snails, feral pigs, leaf blight, and pocket rot continued to be problems. Grapefruit: The 2011-2012 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.15 million tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 9 percent from last season's final utilization. The route survey conducted May 1-2 in Florida showed 98 percent of the white grapefruit rows and 94 percent of the colored grapefruit rows were harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from April. Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 604,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 4 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Arizona and California forecasts were carried forward from April. Tangelos: Florida's tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from both the previous forecast and last season's final utilization. Florida's row count survey conducted May 1-2 showed that all of the rows were harvested. Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, weather stations reported high temperatures ranging from the upper 80s to lower 90s. Rainfall was generally light across the citrus producing region, with the exception of one storm bringing moderate rainfall toward the end of the month. Drought conditions persisted throughout the citrus region. Harvesting of early oranges (Navels and Hamlins), Honey tangerines, and tangelos finished. White and colored grapefruit harvest was nearly complete and the Valencia orange harvest progressed at a steady pace. Harvesting and young tree care were the primary grove activities during the month. California citrus: Harvest of Navel oranges, tangerines, tangelos, and lemons continued. Harvest of late variety Navel oranges and early Valencia oranges gained momentum. Orange trees were in bloom in some areas as bees were moved into citrus groves in preparation for full bloom. California noncitrus fruits and nuts: During April, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum, and prune fruit continued to develop. Harvest began for a few early peach varieties. Cherry fruit developed as growers continued to spray for the Oriental Fruit Fly. Prunes were past full bloom and beginning to leaf out in Sutter and Yuba Counties. Weed treatments and bloom sprays continued in stone fruit orchards. Grape and kiwifruit vines were growing rapidly as temperatures increased. Pomegranates and persimmons continued to leaf out. Apples were blooming and leafing out. Blueberries were being picked and packed in Tulare County. Olive groves were pruned. Almond bloom finished while trees began leafing out and nuts continued to develop. Growers evaluated earlier hail damage in the San Joaquin Valley. A heavier than normal drop, possibly due to earlier frost damage, was reported in some areas. Walnuts were in full bloom as blight applications continued. Pistachio bloom finished in the Fresno area. Fungicides were applied to some orchards. Spring potatoes: Production for 2012 is forecast at 27.7 million cwt, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and 8 percent from 2011. Planted acreage is forecast at 97,700 acres, a 1 percent decrease from the April forecast. Area for harvest is forecast at 96,100 acres, up 500 acres from the previous forecast. The average yield forecast, at 289 cwt per acre, is up 4 cwt from the April forecast. In California, harvest was underway and growers were reporting a normal crop year. Texas growers reported good crop conditions, with expectations of good yields. Growers in Florida experienced adverse weather that negatively impacted yields. Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2011 totaled 598 million pounds, down less than 1 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 17 percent below 2010. Harvested area is estimated at 325,040 acres, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate but down 4 percent from the previous year's estimate. Yield per acre averaged 1,841 pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 287 pounds below 2010. 2011 Cotton final: All cotton production is estimated at 15.6 million 480-pound bales, down 14 percent from the 2010 crop. The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at 790 pounds per acre, down 22 pounds from the previous season. Upland cotton production is estimated at 14.7 million 480-pound bales, down 16 percent from the 2010 crop. The United States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at 772 pounds per acre, down 33 pounds from 2010. The Upland cotton abandonment rate, at 37 percent, is a record high. Severe drought conditions throughout much of the Cotton Belt was the main factor contributing to decreased Upland cotton production compared with the previous season. Texas, Oklahoma, and Georgia experienced extremely hot, dry weather during the growing season. North Carolina and Virginia also saw reduced yields due to Hurricane Irene which made landfall in late-August. Objective yield data in Georgia showed boll weight to be the highest on record. However, Georgia bolls per acre were the lowest since 2002. Objective yield data in North Carolina showed boll weight to be the lowest since 2005. Texas objective yield data showed boll weight to be the lowest since 2000. American Pima production is estimated at 851,200 bales (480-pound), up 69 percent from 2010. The United States yield is estimated at 1,340 pounds per acre, up 140 pounds from the previous season. Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2011 totaled 5.37 million tons, down 12 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills accounted for 50 percent of the disposition. The remaining half will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other uses. Statistical Methodology Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 1 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 15,100 producers representing all major production areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which accounts for nearly 73 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts. Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from April. Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing season. End-of- season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 6.8 percent. This means that chances are two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 6.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 11.8 percent. Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 86 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the three abnormal production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 1.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.6 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.8 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 133,000 tons (148,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons regardless of exclusions. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times (below 7 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. Information Contacts Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch............................................. (202) 720-2127 Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section.................................. (202) 720-2127 Suzanne Avilla - Peanuts, Rice.......................................... (202) 720-7688 Bryan Durham - Oats, Rye, Wheat......................................... (202) 720-8068 Steve Maliszewski - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum.................... (202) 720-5944 Anthony Prillaman - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet........................ (202) 720-9526 Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Hay............................... (202) 720-7621 Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds.................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section...... (202) 720-2127 Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries.. (202) 720-2157 Fred Granja - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ....... (202) 720-4288 Chris Hawthorn - Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits... (202) 720-5412 Dave Losh - Hops........................................................ (360) 709-2400 Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .......... (202) 720-3250 Daphne Schauber - Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ....... (202) 720-4285 Erika White - Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ............ (202) 720-4215 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the "Follow NASS" box under "Receive reports by Email," click on "National" or "State" to select the reports you would like to receive. Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free (800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 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