HDR1012000170050214951500Farm Labor HDR2012000170050214951500Farm Labor Narrative Released February 14, 1995, by the Agricultural Statistics Board. Estimates refer to the week of January 8-14, 1995. Number of Workers Slightly Lower There were 2.43 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of January 8-14, 1995. This compares with 2.48 million people during the January 1994 survey week. Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.32 million of the total, along with 346,000 unpaid workers, and 629,000 workers hired directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees working on farms and ranches made up the remaining 140,000 workers. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.73 per hour during the January 1995 survey week. This rate was up 19 cents from a year earlier. Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.28 per hour compared with $6.11 in January 1994. Field workers received an average of $6.20 per hour, up 6 cents from the January 1994 survey week. Livestock workers earned $6.00 per hour compared with $5.75 a year earlier. Benefits were provided for 352,000 hired workers. Farm operators provided housing for 114,000, meals for 43,000, bonuses for 74,000, health insurance for 161,000, transportation for 41,000, and other benefits for 164,000 hired workers. During the survey week of January 8-14, 1995, heavy rains drenched California and halted virtually all field activities. The Pacific Northwest also experienced heavy rainfall. The northeast quarter of the U.S. had temperatures much above normal. Later in the week, severe weather erupted across the western Gulf Coast States and heavy rain developed in the Southeast which limited land preparation. Rain also spread across the Ozark Plateau and into the Midwest. In Florida field activities included sugarcane harvest, tending tobacco beds, and citrus and vegetable harvests. Texas growers were completing cotton harvest, shredding stalks, irrigating onions, and harvesting citrus, vegetables, and pecans. Midwestern farmers were hauling corn and soybeans to local elevators to fill January contracts. As weather permitted, California had some areas where vegetable and citrus harvests were possible. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For information call Dean Groskurth at (202) 690-3228. Office hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. Sp Sy 8 (2-95) HDR2012000170050214951500Employment and Wage Rates Farm Labor: Employment and Wage Rates, United States, January 8-14, 1995, with Comparisons 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 9-15, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, Farm Employment : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Farm Workers : 2,340 2,886 2,291 : Self-Employed : 1,367 1,490 1,316 Unpaid : 336 516 346 Hired : 637 880 629 Expected to be Employed : 150 Days or More : 519 592 510 149 Days or Less : 118 288 119 : Agricultural Services : Workers Working on Farms : 140 279 140 : Total Farm & Service Workers : 2,480 3,165 2,431 : : Dollars per Hour : Wage Rates for : All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.54 6.46 6.73 : Method of Pay : Hourly : 6.11 6.17 6.28 Piece-Rate : 6.88 7.55 6.87 Other : 7.36 6.93 7.46 : Type of Worker : Field & Livestock Combined : 5.99 6.08 6.12 Field : 6.14 6.16 6.20 Livestock : 5.75 5.82 6.00 Supervisory : 10.47 9.55 10.03 Other : 8.00 8.15 8.16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes AK. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :---------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------ Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 48 15 Other 4/ : 42 21 Northeast I : 90 43 11 36 31 5 : PA : 70 15 Other 4/ : 28 7 Northeast II : 98 54 22 22 19 3 : NC : 62 17 VA : 54 13 Appalachian I : 116 71 15 30 22 8 : Appalachian II : 157 110 21 26 14 12 Southeast : 98 64 8 26 20 6 FL : 77 19 3 55 45 10 : MI : 52 16 MN : 94 15 WI : 117 25 Lake : 263 157 50 56 47 9 : Cornbelt I : 206 143 33 30 25 5 Cornbelt II : 194 134 27 33 29 4 Delta : 107 67 18 22 20 2 Northern Plains: 185 124 37 24 20 4 : OK : 78 12 TX : 198 39 Southern Plains: 276 186 39 51 40 11 : Mountain I : 53 29 10 14 13 1 Mountain II : 45 24 7 14 13 1 : AZ : 26 11 NM : 30 5 Mountain III : 56 15 25 16 14 2 : OR : 50 16 WA : 48 29 Pacific : 98 44 9 45 32 13 : CA : 161 29 10 122 100 22 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,291 1,316 346 629 510 119 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 40.4 6.58 Other 4/ : 40.0 7.35 Northeast I : 39.9 32.3 40.2 7.04 : PA : 43.0 6.24 Other 4/ : 36.4 6.82 Northeast II : 37.3 34.9 40.9 6.40 : NC : 33.0 6.70 VA : 36.0 6.35 Appalachian I : 27.4 32.4 34.3 6.54 : Appalachian II : 25.5 24.6 30.5 5.64 Southeast : 22.5 27.5 37.7 5.60 FL : 24.0 31.0 41.0 7.39 : MI : 37.3 6.55 MN : 30.9 6.69 WI : 39.0 5.97 Lake : 38.8 30.3 36.3 6.30 : Cornbelt I : 28.8 29.6 38.6 6.73 Cornbelt II : 29.4 24.2 37.2 6.46 Delta : 26.9 32.0 31.9 5.96 Northern Plains: 36.4 27.7 36.8 7.29 : OK : 30.0 6.50 TX : 39.1 5.67 Southern Plains: 29.5 25.7 37.0 5.83 : Mountain I : 33.2 31.2 40.9 6.99 Mountain II : 31.6 26.3 42.8 6.67 : AZ : 47.0 7.40 NM : 39.9 6.08 Mountain III : 28.6 20.9 44.8 7.01 : OR : 35.9 6.96 WA : 36.0 7.41 Pacific : 25.8 25.5 36.0 7.25 : CA : 30.3 27.0 36.0 7.10 HI : 28.6 29.1 37.6 9.76 : US 5/ : 30.8 28.1 37.3 6.73 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :--------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 8.07 6.44 6.75 Other 4/ : 7.00 6.48 7.30 Northeast I : 7.40 5.87 6.46 9.46 7.20 7.11 3/ 6.93 : PA : 6.67 5.81 6.52 Other 4/ : 6.53 5.95 6.89 Northeast II : 6.63 5.12 5.84 9.30 8.87 6.61 3/ 6.16 : NC : 5.95 6.09 5.75 VA : 5.87 5.89 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.92 6.07 6.00 9.11 7.56 5.89 3/ 7.02 : Appalachian II : 5.33 5.69 5.51 3/ 3/ 5.64 3/ 3/ Southeast : 5.44 5.25 5.39 3/ 5.67 5.37 6.05 6.19 FL : 6.54 6.25 6.51 12.50 10.00 6.75 6.70 10.85 : MI : 7.40 6.33 6.95 MN : 7.94 6.21 7.43 WI : 6.00 5.33 6.10 Lake : 6.86 5.56 5.83 8.53 7.50 6.51 5.79 6.09 : Cornbelt I : 6.16 6.28 6.21 9.31 7.01 6.39 3/ 7.32 Cornbelt II : 5.63 6.36 6.07 8.35 3/ 6.21 3/ 7.12 Delta : 5.61 5.46 5.54 3/ 6.21 5.42 3/ 6.54 Northern Plains: 7.31 6.86 6.99 3/ 7.58 6.60 3/ 7.88 : OK : 5.85 5.85 6.30 TX : 5.26 5.29 5.19 Southern Plains: 5.33 5.45 5.39 8.60 6.52 5.44 5.67 6.25 : Mountain I : 6.60 6.50 6.52 8.69 6.91 7.36 3/ 6.84 Mountain II : 6.53 5.96 6.13 8.44 6.36 6.55 3/ 6.73 : AZ : 6.80 6.31 6.50 NM : 6.12 5.98 5.76 Mountain III : 6.58 5.51 6.20 3/ 3/ 6.31 3/ 3/ : OR : 6.10 6.22 6.15 WA : 6.59 6.81 6.69 Pacific : 6.43 7.34 6.60 10.65 10.25 6.53 7.58 9.57 : CA : 6.00 6.98 6.17 12.00 9.51 6.07 7.44 9.57 HI : 8.60 3/ 8.55 15.55 3/ 8.78 3/ 14.10 : US 7/ : 6.20 6.00 6.12 10.03 8.16 6.28 6.87 7.46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :---------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------ Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 65 28 Other 4/ : 51 27 Northeast I : 116 47 14 55 37 18 : PA : 77 18 Other 4/ : 46 20 Northeast II : 123 59 26 38 28 10 : NC : 76 25 VA : 48 13 Appalachian I : 124 71 15 38 26 12 : Appalachian II : 180 125 26 29 15 14 Southeast : 112 67 13 32 26 6 FL : 79 18 5 56 48 8 : MI : 83 24 MN : 130 22 WI : 131 25 Lake : 344 179 94 71 43 28 : Cornbelt I : 310 184 67 59 35 24 Cornbelt II : 257 156 59 42 28 14 Delta : 127 83 14 30 24 6 Northern Plains: 237 141 58 38 26 12 : OK : 84 13 TX : 203 44 Southern Plains: 287 180 50 57 42 15 : Mountain I : 76 37 14 25 17 8 Mountain II : 57 27 9 21 16 5 : AZ : 30 13 NM : 29 5 Mountain III : 59 16 25 18 16 2 : OR : 69 22 WA : 81 53 Pacific : 150 59 16 75 41 34 : CA : 236 38 10 188 117 71 HI : 12 3 1 8 7 1 : US 5/ : 2,886 1,490 516 880 592 288 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers, by Region, State, and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 45.0 6.70 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.20 Northeast I : 45.4 35.1 42.1 6.94 : PA : 41.0 6.01 Other 4/ : 42.9 6.99 Northeast II : 43.1 38.3 42.0 6.55 : NC : 36.7 6.15 VA : 38.7 6.11 Appalachian I : 35.1 34.1 37.4 6.14 : Appalachian II : 27.4 30.0 33.8 5.62 Southeast : 26.4 25.7 34.5 6.18 FL : 28.0 30.0 37.0 7.20 : MI : 33.8 6.37 MN : 42.2 6.43 WI : 35.6 5.56 Lake : 53.1 36.1 37.0 6.12 : Cornbelt I : 44.8 40.0 40.3 6.43 Cornbelt II : 45.5 36.9 39.6 5.88 Delta : 26.8 29.2 40.0 5.34 Northern Plains: 49.5 38.7 48.9 6.50 : OK : 30.0 6.25 TX : 42.5 5.46 Southern Plains: 31.9 28.6 39.6 5.60 : Mountain I : 46.2 39.0 47.7 5.76 Mountain II : 37.0 33.3 42.9 6.26 : AZ : 49.0 6.28 NM : 42.7 5.93 Mountain III : 28.1 26.7 47.3 6.19 : OR : 42.4 6.52 WA : 42.0 7.39 Pacific : 29.5 26.9 42.1 7.13 : CA : 32.4 35.6 43.5 6.71 HI : 32.4 31.0 38.3 9.93 : US 5/ : 39.5 34.8 41.0 6.46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, October 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :--------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.72 6.45 6.85 Other 4/ : 6.70 6.38 7.20 Northeast I : 6.71 5.82 6.42 9.54 8.45 7.02 6.56 6.87 : PA : 6.19 5.60 6.25 Other 4/ : 6.44 6.28 6.32 Northeast II : 6.33 5.22 5.97 9.17 8.25 6.29 3/ 7.01 : NC : 5.50 5.66 5.60 VA : 5.81 5.82 5.71 Appalachian I : 5.62 5.93 5.71 9.10 7.34 5.63 6.72 6.85 : Appalachian II : 5.26 5.91 5.51 3/ 3/ 5.36 3/ 6.24 Southeast : 5.64 6.13 5.75 9.38 7.32 5.94 3/ 6.82 FL : 6.15 6.70 6.22 13.15 9.90 6.17 6.95 10.75 : MI : 6.40 6.30 6.32 MN : 6.74 6.23 7.15 WI : 6.00 5.27 5.60 Lake : 6.47 5.14 5.91 8.76 7.06 6.37 6.85 5.40 : Cornbelt I : 6.17 6.23 6.18 9.35 7.02 6.40 7.34 6.26 Cornbelt II : 5.80 5.32 5.68 7.39 6.72 5.87 3/ 5.87 Delta : 5.05 5.41 5.13 8.07 6.45 5.02 3/ 5.94 Northern Plains: 6.52 5.67 6.29 7.99 7.33 6.73 3/ 6.20 : OK : 5.80 5.44 5.35 TX : 5.15 5.17 5.37 Southern Plains: 5.20 5.22 5.21 8.06 6.56 5.37 3/ 5.81 : Mountain I : 5.47 5.41 5.45 7.67 6.34 5.82 3/ 5.63 Mountain II : 5.72 5.85 5.78 8.48 3/ 6.17 3/ 6.39 : AZ : 5.40 5.76 5.90 NM : 5.43 5.54 5.65 Mountain III : 5.41 6.04 5.70 8.42 8.29 5.86 3/ 6.94 : OR : 6.31 6.24 6.33 WA : 7.02 7.19 6.76 Pacific : 6.83 7.87 6.92 9.64 8.94 6.61 8.03 7.87 : CA : 6.22 6.99 6.28 11.50 10.88 6.09 8.25 10.39 HI : 8.85 3/ 8.81 15.72 3/ 9.04 3/ 14.45 : US 7/ : 6.16 5.82 6.08 9.55 8.15 6.17 7.55 6.93 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :---------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------ Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 57 20 Other 4/ : 37 15 Northeast I : 94 46 13 35 30 5 : PA : 82 16 Other 4/ : 27 9 Northeast II : 109 58 26 25 21 4 : NC : 50 12 VA : 39 13 Appalachian I : 89 55 9 25 20 5 : Appalachian II : 185 135 26 24 16 8 Southeast : 101 63 8 30 25 5 FL : 97 24 3 70 64 6 : MI : 49 14 MN : 93 10 WI : 95 17 Lake : 237 146 50 41 36 5 : Cornbelt I : 226 163 30 33 29 4 Cornbelt II : 182 129 29 24 20 4 Delta : 108 71 12 25 22 3 Northern Plains: 196 140 32 24 21 3 : OK : 74 11 TX : 197 39 Southern Plains: 271 178 43 50 42 8 : Mountain I : 58 33 9 16 15 1 Mountain II : 45 23 4 18 15 3 : AZ : 26 13 NM : 26 5 Mountain III : 52 10 24 18 15 3 : OR : 45 12 WA : 53 27 Pacific : 98 50 9 39 24 15 : CA : 180 40 8 132 97 35 HI : 12 3 1 8 7 1 : US 5/ : 2,340 1,367 336 637 519 118 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked 3/ : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Employed : Unpaid/ : Hired : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 38.5 6.90 Other 4/ : 41.0 7.25 Northeast I : 41.0 29.8 39.6 7.05 : PA : 43.0 5.85 Other 4/ : 36.1 6.83 Northeast II : 34.6 34.9 40.5 6.17 : NC : 33.7 6.06 VA : 35.2 6.18 Appalachian I : 23.9 27.2 34.5 6.12 : Appalachian II : 18.7 22.5 28.6 5.45 Southeast : 22.7 29.4 35.0 6.34 FL : 19.0 28.0 36.0 6.90 : MI : 34.9 6.95 MN : 38.0 6.50 WI : 44.0 5.00 Lake : 40.5 34.3 39.4 5.92 : Cornbelt I : 26.1 27.5 34.3 6.52 Cornbelt II : 31.8 28.4 33.4 6.10 Delta : 24.8 27.7 33.6 5.95 Northern Plains: 35.2 35.7 34.4 6.96 : OK : 38.0 5.70 TX : 40.2 5.44 Southern Plains: 26.6 23.2 39.7 5.50 : Mountain I : 32.8 33.5 43.9 6.39 Mountain II : 32.4 27.2 41.1 6.19 : AZ : 44.0 6.39 NM : 47.9 6.34 Mountain III : 31.7 23.2 45.1 6.38 : OR : 40.5 6.95 WA : 39.0 6.65 Pacific : 22.8 26.6 39.5 6.74 : CA : 32.3 26.1 44.2 7.04 HI : 31.3 33.3 36.0 9.74 : US 5/ : 29.2 29.0 38.7 6.54 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 9-15, 1994 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :--------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.60 5.88 7.18 Other 4/ : 7.55 6.13 7.35 Northeast I : 7.10 5.35 5.99 10.99 7.83 7.25 3/ 6.77 : PA : 6.00 5.46 6.13 Other 4/ : 6.31 6.21 6.51 Northeast II : 6.11 5.38 5.69 9.51 8.94 6.25 3/ 6.20 : NC : 5.46 5.69 5.58 VA : 5.70 5.73 5.90 Appalachian I : 5.56 5.82 5.71 8.72 7.18 5.75 3/ 6.58 : Appalachian II : 5.08 5.24 5.17 3/ 3/ 5.37 3/ 5.64 Southeast : 5.72 5.83 5.76 10.98 6.27 5.87 3/ 7.18 FL : 6.37 6.60 6.38 11.65 9.80 6.23 6.90 10.60 : MI : 7.10 6.37 6.71 MN : 6.83 5.67 6.24 WI : 5.50 4.81 5.00 Lake : 6.34 5.17 5.41 11.01 8.96 5.70 3/ 6.33 : Cornbelt I : 6.36 5.81 6.05 8.70 6.48 6.32 3/ 6.72 Cornbelt II : 5.80 5.75 5.76 8.98 3/ 5.77 3/ 6.62 Delta : 5.53 5.82 5.66 8.85 3/ 5.65 3/ 6.45 Northern Plains: 6.95 6.28 6.43 10.55 8.42 6.28 3/ 7.57 : OK : 5.30 5.60 5.50 TX : 4.99 5.03 5.22 Southern Plains: 5.04 5.31 5.16 8.15 7.53 5.27 3/ 6.06 : Mountain I : 5.76 6.09 6.01 7.98 6.38 6.76 3/ 6.27 Mountain II : 5.62 5.51 5.55 9.19 3/ 5.62 3/ 7.00 : AZ : 5.89 5.83 5.60 NM : 5.10 6.01 5.84 Mountain III : 5.79 6.08 5.88 9.49 9.93 5.66 7.35 7.32 : OR : 6.35 6.32 6.50 WA : 6.23 6.26 6.02 Pacific : 6.26 6.34 6.28 10.74 8.69 6.15 7.05 9.11 : CA : 6.30 6.87 6.38 12.86 9.00 6.35 7.00 9.80 HI : 8.60 3/ 8.57 15.31 3/ 8.76 3/ 13.74 : US 7/ : 6.14 5.75 5.99 10.47 8.00 6.11 6.88 7.36 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050214951500Field and Livestock Workers Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates, by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 9-15, 1994 : January 8-14, 1995 :------------------------------------------------------------- Region 2/ :Field :Other :L'stk & : All : Field :Other :L'stk & : All :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast : 5.97 6.93 5.30 5.84 6.71 7.28 5.70 6.21 Appalachian : 5.11 5.56 5.58 5.47 5.35 6.64 5.73 5.77 Southeast : 5.36 6.31 6.14 6.21 6.30 6.23 5.67 6.16 Lake : 7.36 5.51 5.22 5.41 5.96 7.51 5.47 5.83 Cornbelt : 5.95 6.44 5.75 5.91 6.05 5.92 6.29 6.14 Delta : 5.49 5.09 5.92 5.66 5.96 5.50 5.10 5.54 Northern Plains : 6.45 3/ 6.45 6.43 7.44 3/ 6.73 6.99 Southern Plains : 5.09 4.98 5.30 5.16 5.39 4.98 5.50 5.39 Mountain : 5.65 5.91 5.81 5.80 6.71 6.78 5.94 6.26 Pacific : 6.53 6.33 6.42 6.36 6.41 6.04 7.13 6.29 48 States : 5.76 6.24 5.72 5.96 6.15 6.24 5.93 6.09 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm by Region and 48 States 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 9-15, 1994 : January 8-14, 1995 Region :--------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/ :Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All :<40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : N. East : 7.35 6.01 5.25 7.16 6.67 7.55 4.96 5.69 7.49 6.80 Appal. : 5.40 5.43 5.27 6.38 5.83 5.53 5.48 4.72 6.90 6.16 S. East : 5.66 5.93 6.37 6.86 6.73 7.01 6.81 6.27 6.90 6.85 Lake : 3.65 4.49 4.93 7.18 5.92 4.04 3.73 5.21 7.24 6.30 Cornbelt : 6.96 5.82 5.90 6.69 6.34 6.39 5.06 6.01 7.07 6.59 Delta : 5.61 6.47 6.10 5.89 5.95 5.58 5.37 5.21 6.47 5.96 N. Plains: 5.96 5.33 6.81 7.24 6.96 7.60 6.75 6.84 7.56 7.29 S. Plains: 5.33 5.26 5.30 5.72 5.50 6.38 5.32 5.36 6.05 5.83 Mountain : 4.31 6.40 5.66 6.64 6.32 7.24 5.68 6.07 7.20 6.89 Pacific : 5.70 6.50 6.53 7.10 6.98 5.90 6.60 6.39 7.28 7.14 48 States: 5.55 5.78 5.76 6.86 6.50 6.43 5.43 5.73 7.09 6.70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Regions Consist of the following States. Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC. Lake: MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH. Delta: AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains: OK, TX. Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY. Pacific: CA, OR, WA. 48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI. 3/ Insufficent data. Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : January 9-15, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, Farm : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/ : Field Crops : 15 24 19 Other Crops : 47 45 37 Livestock, Dairy, : & Poultry : 38 31 44 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HDR2012000170050214951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross Value : January 9-15, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, of Sales : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers 3/ : Less than $40,000 : 8 8 10 $40,000-$99,999 : 9 11 9 $100,000-$249,999 : 19 19 18 $250,000 and over : 64 62 63 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI. 2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States, January 8-14 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 9-15, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers : Employed on Farms Hiring : 1 Worker : 16 12 16 2 Workers : 12 12 12 3-6 Workers : 21 21 26 7-10 Workers : 8 10 9 At least 11 Workers : 43 45 37 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : Payment Method : Hourly : 63 70 63 Piece-Rate : 9 8 5 Other Methods : 28 22 32 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution by Category, United States, January 8-14 1/ 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 9-15, : October 9-15, : January 8-14, : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 :------------------------------------------------- : Number : Pct : Number : Pct : Number : Pct ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 1,000 1,000 : Benefits 3/ : Housing : 152 17 114 19 Meals : 71 8 43 7 Bonus : 80 9 74 12 Health Insurance : 182 21 161 27 Transportation : 47 5 41 7 Other Benefits : 182 21 164 27 Wages Only : 505 57 277 46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category. Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement benefits, etc. HDR2012000170050214951500Agricultural Services Agricultural Services Crew leaders and custom crews provided 140,000 workers for the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of January 8-14, 1995. Service workers in California numbered 54,000 compared with 57,000 during the January 1994 survey week. Florida's number of service workers was 13,000 the same as last year. The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and Florida were $6.70 and $6.81 per hour, respectively. Comparable wages in January 1994 were $6.19 in California and $7.56 in Florida. Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, for California, Florida, and United States 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Workers : : : Working on Farms : Hours Worked : Wage Rates 3/ State:------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- ----- Hours 2/ ----- Dollars per Hour 2/ : CA : 57.0 91.0 54.0 35.4 39.3 31.5 6.19 6.40 6.70 FL : 13.0 7.5 13.0 31.0 30.0 37.0 7.56 7.50 6.81 : US : 140.0 279.0 140.0 :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Method of Pay : Type of Work :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hourly : Piece-Rate : Field :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 : 1994 : 1994 : 1995 :------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dollars per Hours 2/ : CA : 5.56 5.94 6.19 6.75 7.90 6.50 5.75 6.24 6.21 FL : 6.20 7.14 6.80 7.80 7.25 6.60 7.04 6.95 6.39 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are not included in the State-Regional tables. 2/ United States data not available. 3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. Farm Labor Regions Region States Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT. Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA. Appalachian I NC, VA. Appalachian II KY, TN, WV. Southeast AL, GA, SC. Lake MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH. Cornbelt II IA, MO. Delta AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain I ID, MT, WY. Mountain II CO, NV, UT. Mountain III AZ, NM. Pacific OR, WA. HDR2012000170050214951500Reliability Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service during the last two weeks of January using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and Florida. The survey reference week was January 8-14, 1995. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 2.3 percent and 3.5 percent for all hired workers. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers generally ranged between 10 and 20 percent at the regional and published State level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.1 percent. The relative sampling error was 1.3 percent for hourly paid workers and .9 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent at the regional and published State levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level. The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 5 and 10 percent. Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time the information is published or the year after the original publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for January and October 1994 were subject to revision with this report. No revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your information. HDR2012000170050214951500Index Index Page U.S. Workers on Farms and Wage Rates.................................. 3 Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S. January 1995 ....................................................... 4 October 1994 ....................................................... 7 January 1994 ....................................................... 10 Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S. January 1995 ....................................................... 5 October 1994 ....................................................... 8 January 1994 ....................................................... 11 Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S. January 1995 ....................................................... 5 October 1994 ....................................................... 8 January 1994 ....................................................... 11 Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages January 1995 ....................................................... 16 October 1994 ....................................................... 16 January 1994 ....................................................... 16 Other Labor Estimates U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 15 Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 13 Wage Rates by Econonic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States... 13 Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 17 Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 18 Revision Policy ...................................................... 18 Beginning in January 1995, the criteria for publishing livestock, supervisor, and other wage rates was changed to a wage rate weight greater than 2 percent and a relative sampling error below 10 percent. Also, worker and wage rate indexes were discontinued after the October 1994 publication. A 1990-92=100 all hired wage rate index is published in the quarterly Agriculture Prices release beginning in 1995. The May 16th report will have information for the survey week of April 9-15, 1995. The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates for 16 States along with regional and U.S. level information. State level information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. The hourly method of pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level. The number of self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional and U.S. level. Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level. The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates (including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for Florida and California. The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on May 16, 1995. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.