HDR1012000170050516951500Farm Labor HDR2012000170050516951500Farm Labor Narrative Released May 16, 1995, by the Agricultural Statistics Board. Estimates refer to the week of April 9-15, 1995. Number of Workers Slightly Lower There were 2.82 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of April 9-15, 1995. This compares with 2.92 million people during the April 1994 survey week. Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.40 million of the total, along with 386,000 unpaid workers, and 822,000 workers hired directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees working on farms and ranches made up the remaining 214,000 workers. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.49 per hour during the April 1995 survey week. This rate was up 7 cents from a year earlier. Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.20 per hour compared with $6.11 in April 1994. Field workers received an average of $6.05 per hour, up 3 cents from the April 1994 survey week. Livestock workers earned $5.88 per hour compared with $5.80 a year earlier. Benefits were provided for 372,000 hired workers. Farm operators provided housing for 124,000, meals for 48,000, bonuses for 81,000, health insurance for 188,000, transportation for 55,000, and other benefits for 188,000 hired workers. During the survey week of April 9-15, 1995, cold air dipped southward into the Nation's mid-section in the wake of a major spring storm from west-central Kansas into the northern Panhandle of Texas. Heavy snow fell from the central Rockies into Minnesota, while heavy rain caused significant flooding in the central Gulf Coast region. Rain showers dampened the Eastern States. Rain in northern California slowed fieldwork. Heavy rains caused flooding in the Delta. Dry soils in the Atlantic States and the Tennessee Valley continued to hamper spring planting. Heavy rains in the Ohio Valley slowed planting. Fieldwork was delayed in the Midwest by cool, cloudy, and wet weather. Cold, wet weather in the Great Lakes region hampered spring land preparation. Onion harvest was increasing in the Texas Rio Grande Valley. Florida growers planted cotton and peanuts and harvested vegetables and Valencia oranges. Field work in California's central and southern regions progressed with planting, spraying, thinning, and irrigation. Harvest of numerous spring vegetables and Valencia oranges was active. For information call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228. Office hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. SpSy 08 (5-95) HDR2012000170050516951500Employment and Wage Rates Farm Labor: Employment and Wage Rates, United States, April 9-15, 1995, with Comparisons 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 10-16, : January 8-14, : April 9-15, Farm Employment : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Farm Workers : 2,679 2,291 2,608 : Self-Employed : 1,420 1,316 1,400 Unpaid : 456 346 386 Hired : 803 629 822 Expected to be Employed : 150 Days or More : 613 510 605 149 Days or Less : 190 119 217 : Agricultural Services : Workers Working on Farms : 240 140 214 : Total Farm & Service Workers : 2,919 2,431 2,822 : : Dollars per Hour : Wage Rates for : All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.42 6.73 6.49 : Method of Pay : Hourly : 6.11 6.28 6.20 Piece-Rate : 7.12 6.87 6.33 Other : 7.06 7.46 7.29 : Type of Worker : Field & Livestock Combined : 5.96 6.12 6.01 Field : 6.02 6.20 6.05 Livestock : 5.80 6.00 5.88 Supervisory : 10.10 10.03 10.58 Other : 7.38 8.16 8.37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes AK. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 50 17 Other 4/ : 49 25 Northeast I : 99 41 16 42 35 7 : PA : 75 21 Other 4/ : 36 12 Northeast II : 111 56 22 33 26 7 : NC : 84 29 VA : 54 15 Appalachian I : 138 76 18 44 30 14 : Appalachian II : 177 115 32 30 16 14 Southeast : 113 59 12 42 30 12 FL : 72 19 3 50 43 7 : MI : 70 29 MN : 89 11 WI : 118 24 Lake : 277 160 53 64 46 18 : Cornbelt I : 242 166 30 46 36 10 Cornbelt II : 206 143 30 33 26 7 Delta : 133 84 16 33 25 8 Northern Plains: 196 133 40 23 19 4 : OK : 74 9 TX : 208 45 Southern Plains: 282 184 44 54 44 10 : Mountain I : 68 32 17 19 16 3 Mountain II : 47 25 9 13 11 2 : AZ : 27 13 NM : 30 6 Mountain III : 57 14 24 19 16 3 : OR : 58 19 WA : 61 37 Pacific : 119 50 13 56 37 19 : CA : 260 40 6 214 143 71 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,608 1,400 386 822 605 217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 42.0 6.45 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.55 Northeast I : 44.8 32.7 40.2 7.08 : PA : 41.0 6.06 Other 4/ : 41.3 7.07 Northeast II : 38.3 34.2 41.1 6.44 : NC : 33.7 5.95 VA : 41.0 6.27 Appalachian I : 31.3 33.2 36.2 6.08 : Appalachian II : 27.2 25.8 36.4 5.75 Southeast : 30.3 29.5 40.3 5.57 FL : 27.0 29.0 38.0 7.86 : MI : 42.6 6.86 MN : 37.5 7.65 WI : 36.9 6.70 Lake : 41.5 29.3 39.6 6.93 : Cornbelt I : 31.4 29.8 37.2 6.67 Cornbelt II : 33.2 26.9 37.7 6.05 Delta : 32.6 25.2 38.8 5.62 Northern Plains: 43.9 37.5 41.1 6.22 : OK : 37.0 6.50 TX : 41.3 5.71 Southern Plains: 33.7 25.0 40.6 5.82 : Mountain I : 46.3 32.3 46.5 5.71 Mountain II : 38.1 29.5 41.3 6.20 : AZ : 42.0 6.41 NM : 45.6 6.43 Mountain III : 31.1 27.6 43.1 6.42 : OR : 39.6 6.88 WA : 38.0 7.03 Pacific : 31.4 29.6 38.5 6.98 : CA : 31.5 34.7 44.8 6.55 HI : 30.4 29.1 36.5 10.02 : US 5/ : 35.0 29.8 40.7 6.49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.76 5.95 6.95 Other 4/ : 7.00 6.60 7.50 Northeast I : 6.90 5.71 6.30 10.13 8.67 7.29 3/ 6.65 : PA : 6.19 5.67 6.18 Other 4/ : 6.91 6.69 7.04 Northeast II : 6.53 5.30 6.06 9.53 8.13 6.56 3/ 6.22 : NC : 5.37 5.58 5.75 VA : 5.85 5.89 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.54 6.17 5.69 9.04 7.54 5.87 3/ 6.61 : Appalachian II : 5.68 5.48 5.61 3/ 7.89 5.92 3/ 5.26 Southeast : 5.16 5.56 5.24 9.69 6.94 5.31 4.70 6.14 FL : 7.05 6.20 6.97 12.70 11.65 7.25 7.50 10.90 : MI : 6.41 6.41 6.48 MN : 8.34 7.26 7.80 WI : 7.05 5.73 6.90 Lake : 6.70 5.79 6.28 10.78 8.45 6.76 3/ 7.23 : Cornbelt I : 6.25 5.94 6.19 9.81 6.99 6.40 3/ 7.46 Cornbelt II : 6.16 5.63 5.77 8.70 6.50 5.69 3/ 7.15 Delta : 5.23 5.84 5.41 9.18 6.28 5.33 3/ 6.28 Northern Plains: 6.63 5.66 6.12 3/ 3/ 6.37 3/ 6.07 : OK : 5.95 5.86 6.00 TX : 5.38 5.49 5.57 Southern Plains: 5.44 5.67 5.54 8.44 6.64 5.63 3/ 6.00 : Mountain I : 5.61 5.38 5.51 3/ 6.18 5.60 3/ 5.77 Mountain II : 5.65 5.53 5.58 8.27 3/ 5.47 3/ 6.91 : AZ : 5.75 5.86 6.00 NM : 5.55 6.21 5.60 Mountain III : 5.71 6.53 5.98 10.13 3/ 5.94 3/ 7.19 : OR : 6.30 6.35 6.23 WA : 6.43 6.56 6.62 Pacific : 6.39 7.37 6.49 10.79 9.23 6.50 3/ 9.53 : CA : 5.94 7.25 6.03 12.76 9.62 6.00 6.21 10.81 HI : 8.75 3/ 8.73 15.40 3/ 9.00 3/ 14.16 : US 5/ : 6.05 5.88 6.01 10.58 8.37 6.20 6.33 7.29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 48 15 Other 4/ : 42 21 Northeast I : 90 43 11 36 31 5 : PA : 70 15 Other 4/ : 28 7 Northeast II : 98 54 22 22 19 3 : NC : 62 17 VA : 54 13 Appalachian I : 116 71 15 30 22 8 : Appalachian II : 157 110 21 26 14 12 Southeast : 98 64 8 26 20 6 FL : 77 19 3 55 45 10 : MI : 52 16 MN : 94 15 WI : 117 25 Lake : 263 157 50 56 47 9 : Cornbelt I : 206 143 33 30 25 5 Cornbelt II : 194 134 27 33 29 4 Delta : 107 67 18 22 20 2 Northern Plains: 185 124 37 24 20 4 : OK : 78 12 TX : 198 39 Southern Plains: 276 186 39 51 40 11 : Mountain I : 53 29 10 14 13 1 Mountain II : 45 24 7 14 13 1 : AZ : 26 11 NM : 30 5 Mountain III : 56 15 25 16 14 2 : OR : 50 16 WA : 48 29 Pacific : 98 44 9 45 32 13 : CA : 161 29 10 122 100 22 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,291 1,316 346 629 510 119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers, by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 40.4 6.58 Other 4/ : 40.0 7.35 Northeast I : 39.9 32.3 40.2 7.04 : PA : 43.0 6.24 Other 4/ : 36.4 6.82 Northeast II : 37.3 34.9 40.9 6.40 : NC : 33.0 6.70 VA : 36.0 6.35 Appalachian I : 27.4 32.4 34.3 6.54 : Appalachian II : 25.5 24.6 30.5 5.64 Southeast : 22.5 27.5 37.7 5.60 FL : 24.0 31.0 41.0 7.39 : MI : 37.3 6.55 MN : 30.9 6.69 WI : 39.0 5.97 Lake : 38.8 30.3 36.3 6.30 : Cornbelt I : 28.8 29.6 38.6 6.73 Cornbelt II : 29.4 24.2 37.2 6.46 Delta : 26.9 32.0 31.9 5.96 Northern Plains: 36.4 27.7 36.8 7.29 : OK : 30.0 6.50 TX : 39.1 5.67 Southern Plains: 29.5 25.7 37.0 5.83 : Mountain I : 33.2 31.2 40.9 6.99 Mountain II : 31.6 26.3 42.8 6.67 : AZ : 47.0 7.40 NM : 39.9 6.08 Mountain III : 28.6 20.9 44.8 7.01 : OR : 35.9 6.96 WA : 36.0 7.41 Pacific : 25.8 25.5 36.0 7.25 : CA : 30.3 27.0 36.0 7.10 HI : 28.6 29.1 37.6 9.76 : US 5/ : 30.8 28.1 37.3 6.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 8.07 6.44 6.75 Other 4/ : 7.00 6.48 7.30 Northeast I : 7.40 5.87 6.46 9.46 7.20 7.11 3/ 6.93 : PA : 6.67 5.81 6.52 Other 4/ : 6.53 5.95 6.89 Northeast II : 6.63 5.12 5.84 9.30 8.87 6.61 3/ 6.16 : NC : 5.95 6.09 5.75 VA : 5.87 5.89 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.92 6.07 6.00 9.11 7.56 5.89 3/ 7.02 : Appalachian II : 5.33 5.69 5.51 3/ 3/ 5.64 3/ 3/ Southeast : 5.44 5.25 5.39 3/ 5.67 5.37 6.05 6.19 FL : 6.54 6.25 6.51 12.50 10.00 6.75 6.70 10.85 : MI : 7.40 6.33 6.95 MN : 7.94 6.21 7.43 WI : 6.00 5.33 6.10 Lake : 6.86 5.56 5.83 8.53 7.50 6.51 5.79 6.09 : Cornbelt I : 6.16 6.28 6.21 9.31 7.01 6.39 3/ 7.32 Cornbelt II : 5.63 6.36 6.07 8.35 3/ 6.21 3/ 7.12 Delta : 5.61 5.46 5.54 3/ 6.21 5.42 3/ 6.54 Northern Plains: 7.31 6.86 6.99 3/ 7.58 6.60 3/ 7.88 : OK : 5.85 5.85 6.30 TX : 5.26 5.29 5.19 Southern Plains: 5.33 5.45 5.39 8.60 6.52 5.44 5.67 6.25 : Mountain I : 6.60 6.50 6.52 8.69 6.91 7.36 3/ 6.84 Mountain II : 6.53 5.96 6.13 8.44 6.36 6.55 3/ 6.73 : AZ : 6.80 6.31 6.50 NM : 6.12 5.98 5.76 Mountain III : 6.58 5.51 6.20 3/ 3/ 6.31 3/ 3/ : OR : 6.10 6.22 6.15 WA : 6.59 6.81 6.69 Pacific : 6.43 7.34 6.60 10.65 10.25 6.53 7.58 9.57 : CA : 6.00 6.98 6.17 12.00 9.51 6.07 7.44 9.57 HI : 8.60 3/ 8.55 15.55 3/ 8.78 3/ 14.10 : US 7/ : 6.20 6.00 6.12 10.03 8.16 6.28 6.87 7.46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Workers on Farms Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 62 22 Other 4/ : 46 23 Northeast I : 108 49 14 45 36 9 : PA : 93 23 Other 4/ : 35 14 Northeast II : 128 61 30 37 32 5 : NC : 67 24 VA : 39 13 Appalachian I : 106 55 14 37 23 14 : Appalachian II : 174 118 30 26 17 9 Southeast : 129 65 17 47 31 16 FL : 96 22 3 71 53 18 : MI : 63 22 MN : 130 16 WI : 107 24 Lake : 300 171 67 62 45 17 : Cornbelt I : 240 157 37 46 39 7 Cornbelt II : 208 139 44 25 20 5 Delta : 134 76 19 39 30 9 Northern Plains: 230 150 52 28 23 5 : OK : 82 12 TX : 206 47 Southern Plains: 288 174 55 59 48 11 : Mountain I : 78 39 18 21 16 5 Mountain II : 48 25 7 16 12 4 : AZ : 25 11 NM : 27 7 Mountain III : 52 11 23 18 16 2 : OR : 65 21 WA : 68 32 Pacific : 133 65 15 53 33 20 : CA : 215 40 10 165 132 33 HI : 12 3 1 8 7 1 : US 5/ : 2,679 1,420 456 803 613 190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked 3/ : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Employed : Unpaid : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 40.3 6.93 Other 4/ : 40.0 7.45 Northeast I : 43.2 32.6 40.1 7.20 : PA : 44.0 5.87 Other 4/ : 38.2 7.16 Northeast II : 38.2 34.6 41.8 6.32 : NC : 37.5 5.44 VA : 36.1 5.89 Appalachian I : 32.1 30.5 37.0 5.59 : Appalachian II : 24.6 26.1 30.7 5.78 Southeast : 28.7 23.7 37.6 6.17 FL : 27.0 27.0 36.0 6.90 : MI : 41.4 6.61 MN : 35.4 6.90 WI : 37.0 5.56 Lake : 45.0 32.5 38.1 6.29 : Cornbelt I : 34.1 31.1 38.4 6.65 Cornbelt II : 39.8 27.7 35.9 5.87 Delta : 31.2 25.7 41.4 5.23 Northern Plains: 49.2 36.7 46.2 6.20 : OK : 41.0 6.05 TX : 45.1 5.80 Southern Plains: 33.6 25.6 44.3 5.85 : Mountain I : 57.5 35.1 55.3 5.63 Mountain II : 41.1 29.1 42.3 6.35 : AZ : 50.0 6.50 NM : 51.5 6.12 Mountain III : 34.7 28.1 50.6 6.35 : OR : 37.6 6.45 WA : 41.0 6.83 Pacific : 30.0 31.5 39.7 6.69 : CA : 36.7 24.8 44.0 6.86 HI : 30.2 31.4 37.1 9.90 : US 5/ : 37.3 30.2 40.8 6.42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Self employed and unpaid published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, April 10-16, 1994 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.45 6.17 7.02 Other 4/ : 7.20 6.28 7.45 Northeast I : 6.88 5.68 6.23 10.09 7.45 7.24 7.51 7.02 : PA : 6.14 5.36 6.40 Other 4/ : 6.46 6.54 6.32 Northeast II : 6.28 5.22 5.77 9.07 7.94 6.37 3/ 6.26 : NC : 5.15 5.23 5.23 VA : 5.49 5.61 5.81 Appalachian I : 5.24 5.63 5.35 7.93 3/ 5.39 3/ 5.90 : Appalachian II : 5.84 5.41 5.62 3/ 3/ 5.73 3/ 5.94 Southeast : 5.79 5.79 5.79 10.11 8.02 6.03 5.38 6.78 FL : 6.40 6.00 6.36 11.55 10.55 6.24 7.50 10.50 : MI : 6.09 6.21 6.32 MN : 6.70 6.29 6.65 WI : 6.40 5.28 5.73 Lake : 6.27 5.46 5.84 9.42 7.98 6.22 3/ 6.40 : Cornbelt I : 6.75 6.40 6.62 11.14 5.55 6.37 3/ 7.58 Cornbelt II : 6.02 5.38 5.68 3/ 3/ 5.73 3/ 6.05 Delta : 4.96 5.17 5.00 7.89 6.75 5.27 3/ 5.11 Northern Plains: 5.83 6.13 5.96 7.83 6.30 6.25 3/ 6.17 : OK : 5.63 5.91 5.90 TX : 5.28 5.48 5.39 Southern Plains: 5.34 5.84 5.56 8.51 6.52 5.52 3/ 6.38 : Mountain I : 5.70 5.29 5.51 7.09 3/ 5.95 3/ 5.38 Mountain II : 5.72 5.57 5.65 3/ 7.24 5.57 3/ 7.07 : AZ : 5.65 5.81 5.92 NM : 5.33 5.79 5.80 Mountain III : 5.60 6.09 5.81 9.49 3/ 5.89 3/ 6.93 : OR : 5.97 5.96 5.97 WA : 6.26 6.41 6.39 Pacific : 6.15 6.86 6.24 10.29 7.01 6.24 5.80 9.20 : CA : 6.13 7.06 6.22 12.25 9.51 6.09 7.64 10.62 HI : 8.71 3/ 8.68 15.60 3/ 8.91 3/ 13.72 : US 7/ : 6.02 5.80 5.96 10.10 7.38 6.11 7.12 7.06 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050516951500Field and Livestock Workers Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates, by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 10-16, 1994 : April 9-15, 1995 :-------------------------------------------------------------- Region 2/ :Field :Other :L'stk & : All : Field :Other :L'stk & : All :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast : 6.04 6.56 5.56 6.00 5.85 6.82 5.74 6.18 Appalachian : 4.92 5.98 5.58 5.45 5.17 5.87 5.81 5.66 Southeast : 5.86 6.22 6.00 6.13 4.80 5.68 4.95 5.37 Lake : 7.11 6.43 5.20 5.84 7.16 6.60 5.71 6.28 Cornbelt : 6.15 7.06 5.88 6.27 6.36 6.26 5.70 6.01 Delta : 5.12 4.87 4.85 5.00 5.23 5.35 5.79 5.41 Northern Plains : 5.86 3/ 6.02 5.96 6.39 6.90 5.80 6.12 Southern Plains : 5.13 5.09 6.00 5.56 5.47 5.60 5.57 5.54 Mountain : 5.81 6.05 5.39 5.64 5.75 6.08 5.45 5.70 Pacific : 6.09 6.13 7.03 6.22 6.39 5.97 7.12 6.11 48 States : 5.72 6.20 5.74 5.93 5.75 6.05 5.80 5.91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 10-16, 1994 : April 9-15, 1995 Region :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/ : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : <40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : N. East : 7.62 5.97 6.09 6.94 6.80 8.03 6.08 5.82 7.37 6.79 Appal. : 5.24 5.45 5.42 6.00 5.66 5.36 5.12 5.70 6.32 5.94 S. East : 6.42 6.30 6.02 6.77 6.60 4.79 4.28 4.70 5.98 5.65 Lake : 5.01 3.54 6.83 6.53 6.29 5.47 5.79 5.59 7.45 6.93 Cornbelt : 6.21 5.22 5.78 6.96 6.41 5.45 5.88 6.12 7.12 6.41 Delta : 5.67 4.92 5.07 5.38 5.23 5.61 5.42 5.25 5.84 5.62 N. Plains: 5.35 5.69 5.84 6.40 6.20 5.35 4.74 5.88 6.80 6.22 S. Plains: 5.26 5.90 5.56 6.02 5.85 7.07 5.63 5.32 5.91 5.82 Mountain : 4.39 5.53 5.01 6.71 6.05 5.78 6.58 5.88 6.10 6.08 Pacific : 6.72 6.21 6.28 6.92 6.82 7.29 6.59 6.67 6.61 6.63 48 States: 6.01 5.52 5.90 6.69 6.39 6.10 5.73 5.77 6.60 6.47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Regions consist of the following States. Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC. Lake: MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH. Delta: AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains: OK, TX. Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY. Pacific: CA, OR, WA. 48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI. 3/ Insufficent data. Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : April 10-16, : January 8-14, : April 9-15, Farm : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/ : Field Crops : 22 19 19 Other Crops : 46 37 52 Livestock, Dairy, : & Poultry : 32 44 29 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HDR2012000170050516951500Hired Workers Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross Value : April 10-16, : January 8-14, : April 9-15, of Sales : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers 3/ : Less than $40,000 : 9 10 10 $40,000-$99,999 : 11 9 8 $100,000-$249,999 : 18 18 18 $250,000 and over : 62 63 64 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI. 2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States, April 8-14 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 10-16, : January 8-14, : April 8-14, : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers : Employed on Farms Hiring : 1 Worker : 13 16 12 2 Workers : 11 12 10 3-6 Workers : 21 26 17 7-10 Workers : 8 9 9 At least 11 Workers : 47 37 52 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : Payment Method : Hourly : 70 63 69 Piece-Rate : 5 5 8 Other Methods : 25 32 23 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ Benefits are in priority from highest to lowest. Each worker is counted one time in the highest category, even though benefits in a lower category may be received. Housing and meals is comparable to room and board used in previous reports. Other benefits include transportation, life and health insurance, utilities, etc. Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution by Category, United States, April 9-15 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 10-16, : January 8-14, : April 9-15, : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 :-------------------------------------------------- : Number : Pct : Number : Pct : Number : Pct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 1,000 1,000 : Benefits 3/ : Housing : 114 19 124 15 Meals : 43 7 48 6 Bonus : 74 12 81 10 Health Insurance : 161 27 188 23 Transportation : 41 7 55 7 Other Benefits : 164 27 188 23 Wages Only : 277 46 450 55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category. Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement benefits, etc. HDR2012000170050516951500Agricultural Services Agricultural Services Crew leaders and custom crews provided 214,000 workers for the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of April 9-15, 1995. Service workers in California numbered 91,000 compared with 75,000 during the April 1994 survey week. Florida's number of service workers was 10,000, the same as last year. The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and Florida were $6.39 and $7.58 per hour, respectively. Comparable wages in April 1994 were $6.32 in California and $8.22 in Florida. Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, for California, Florida, and United States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Workers : : : Working on Farms : Hours Worked : Wage Rates 3/ State:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- ----- Hours 2/ ----- Dollars per Hour 2/ : CA : 75.0 54.0 91.0 40.2 31.5 31.9 6.32 6.70 6.39 FL : 25.2 13.0 10.0 33.0 37.0 35.0 8.22 6.81 7.58 : US : 240.0 140.0 214.0 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Method of Pay : Type of Work :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hourly : Piece-Rate : Field :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 : 1994 : 1995 : 1995 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hours 2/ : CA : 5.79 6.19 5.83 7.50 6.50 7.50 5.99 6.21 6.02 FL : 7.61 6.80 6.70 8.50 6.60 7.75 8.00 6.39 7.02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are not included in the State-Regional tables. 2/ United States data not available. 3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. Farm Labor Regions Region States Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT. Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA. Appalachian I NC, VA. Appalachian II KY, TN, WV. Southeast AL, GA, SC. Lake MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH. Cornbelt II IA, MO. Delta AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain I ID, MT, WY. Mountain II CO, NV, UT. Mountain III AZ, NM. Pacific OR, WA. Farm Labor Definitions The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics published in this report. To insure consistency in data collection, the questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide more in- depth explanations of these terms. Farm or Ranch: Places that sell, or would normally sell, at least $1000 worth of agricultural products during the year. Agricultural Work: Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the production of agricultural products, including nursery and greenhouse products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries. Also included is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as trips to buy feed or deliver products to local market. Self-employed Worker: A farm or ranch operator or partner who did at least one hour of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch during the survey week. Unpaid Worker: Anyone, other than a self-employed worker, who did at least 15 hours of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch during the survey week. Hired Worker: Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch. Worker type is determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not necessarily what work was done during the survey week. Type of workers include: Field Workers: Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops including operation of farm machinery on crop farms. Livestock Workers: Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring for poultry, including operation of farm machinery on livestock or poultry operations. Supervisors: Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc. Other Workers: Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the other three categories. Bookkeepers and pilots are examples. Methods of Pay: Wage rates are calculated based on total wages and hours worked during the survey week. Definitions for the three categories are: Farm Labor Definitions - continued Hourly Wages: Pay based on hours actually worked. Piece-rate Wages: Pay determined by multiplying the units produced (boxes, crates, bales, etc.) by the rate per unit. Other Pay Methods: All other methods of calculating pay, such as straight salary, regardless of hours worked. Perquisites: Benefits, such as a cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites. Wage rates published in this release do not include the value of these benefits. Term of Employment: The length of time during the year the farm operator expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll during the survey week. Agricultural Service: Agricultural work performed on a farm or ranch if the provider of the service is paid on a contract basis for materials, equipment, or labor. Type of Farm (or Ranch): An operation is classified in the farm type which accounts for the largest portion of the total value of sales for its agriculture production. The three types of farms are: Field Crops: A farm primarily engaged in the production of: wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, barley, dry beans, rye, sorghum, cotton, popcorn, tobacco, potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, or other such crops. Other Crops: A farm primarily engaged in the production of: vegetables, melons, berry crops, grapes, tree nuts, citrus fruits, deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs, olives, nursery, or greenhouse crops. Livestock or Poultry: An operation primarily engaged in production of: cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, milk, chickens, eggs, turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs, fish, honey, etc. Gross Value of Sales: Gross value includes all income during a year from the sale of crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other related agricultural products, including the landlord's share. When commodities are placed under CCC loan, they are considered as sold. HDR2012000170050516951500Reliability Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service during the last two weeks of April using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and Florida. The survey reference week was April 9-15, 1995. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 2.2 percent and 5.1 percent for all hired workers. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers generally ranged between 10 and 20 percent at the regional and published State level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.2 percent. The relative sampling error was 1.3 percent for hourly paid workers and 1.1 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent at the regional and published State levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level. The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 5 and 10 percent. Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time the information is published or the year after the original publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for April 1994 and January 1995 were subject to revision with this report. No revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your information. HDR2012000170050516951500Index Index Page U.S. Workers on Farms and Wage Rates.................................. 3 Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S. April 1995 ......................................................... 4 January 1995 ....................................................... 7 April 1994 ......................................................... 10 Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S. April 1995 ......................................................... 5 January 1995 ....................................................... 8 April 1994 ......................................................... 11 Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S. April 1995 ......................................................... 5 January 1995 ....................................................... 8 April 1994 ......................................................... 11 Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages April 1995 ......................................................... 16 January 1995 ....................................................... 16 April 1994 ......................................................... 16 Other Labor Estimates U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 15 Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 13 Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States... 13 Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 17 Farm Labor Definitions ............................................... 18 Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 20 Revision Policy ...................................................... 20 Beginning in January 1995, the criteria for publishing livestock, supervisor, and other wage rates was changed to a wage rate weight greater than 2 percent and a relative sampling error below 10 percent. Also, worker and wage rate indexes were discontinued after the October 1994 publication. A 1990-92=100 all hired wage rate index is published in the quarterly Agriculture Prices release beginning in 1995. The August 15th report will have information for the survey week of July 9-15, 1995. The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates for 16 States along with regional and U.S. level information. State level information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. The hourly method of pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level. The number of self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional and U.S. level. Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level. The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates (including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for Florida and California. The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on August 15, 1995. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.