HDR1012000170050213961500FARM LABOR HDR2012000170050213961500FRM LBR HIGHLIGHTS Released February 13, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Farm Labor" call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228, office hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV. Estimates refer to the week of January 7-13, 1996. All Hired Wage Rate Higher There were 2.46 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of January 7-13, 1996. Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.40 million of the total, along with 348,000 unpaid workers, and 598,000 workers hired directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees on farms and ranches made up the remaining 115,000 workers. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.89 per hour during the January 1996 survey week, up 16 cents from a year earlier. Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.44 per hour compared with $6.28 last January. Field workers received an average of $6.33 per hour, up 13 cents. Livestock workers earned $6.20 per hour compared with $6.00 a year earlier. Self-employed farm operators worked an average of 28.7 hours, compared to 30.8 hours in the comparable week in 1995. Unpaid workers averaged 27.7 hours, compared to 28.1 hours last year. Hired employees worked 39.1 hours during the week, compared with 37.3 last year. Benefits were provided for 329,000 hired workers. Farm operators provided housing for 102,000, meals for 36,000, bonuses for 78,000, health insurance for 173,000, transportation for 48,000, and other benefits for 191,000 hired workers. During the survey week of January 7-13, 1996, record snowfall bombarded areas from the Ohio Valley to the Middle Atlantic States, while temperatures dipped to freezing or below as far south as the lower Rio Grande Valley and southern Florida. A fast-moving, late-week storm dumped additional snow on the East, but Pacific warmth overspread the remainder of the Nation. California's dry spell was broken when most areas received rainfall. Avocado picking was active in California as citrus harvest gained momentum. Vegetable harvest was active in the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys. Farmers in Florida have started planting tobacco seed beds and making preparations for spring planted crops. Citrus harvest remains active. Snowfall across the Texas Plains slowed cotton final harvest activity and extremely low temperatures limited small grain growth. Vegetable harvest in the Rio Grand Valley occurred despite cool, damp conditions. Citrus harvest was also slowed by wetness. Sp Sy 8 (2-96) HDR2012000170050213961500FRM LBR HIGHLIGHTS Farm Labor: Employment, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, United States, January 7-13, 1996, with Comparisons 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 8-14, : October 8-14, : January 7-13, Farm Employment : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Farm Workers : *2,320 *3,081 2,347 : Self-Employed : *1,345 1,586 1,401 Unpaid : 346 541 348 Hired : 629 *954 598 Expected to be Employed : 150 Days or More : 510 *607 496 149 Days or Less : 119 347 102 : Agricultural Services : Workers Working on Farms : 140 302 115 : Total Farm & Service Workers : *2,460 *3,383 2,462 : : Hours per Week Hours Worked : Self-Empoyed : 30.8 39.6 28.7 Unpaid : 28.1 35.0 27.7 Hired : 37.3 41.9 39.1 : : Dollars per Hour : Wage Rates for : All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.73 6.58 6.89 : Method of Pay : Hourly : 6.28 6.20 6.44 Piece-Rate : 6.87 7.65 7.14 Other : 7.46 7.30 7.72 : Type of Worker : Field & Livestock Combined : 6.12 6.19 6.28 Field : 6.20 6.19 6.33 Livestock : 6.00 6.17 6.20 Supervisory : 10.03 10.28 10.42 Other : 8.16 7.99 8.09 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revisions. 1/ Excludes AK. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. HDR2012000170050213961500WRKRS ON FRM:NO. BY REG,ST&US JAN 7-13 Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 57 15 Other 4/ : 29 13 Northeast I : 86 48 10 28 24 4 : PA : 66 13 Other 4/ : 25 8 Northeast II : 91 50 20 21 19 2 : NC : 62 15 VA : 45 8 Appalachian I : 107 68 16 23 20 3 : Appalachian II : 151 115 20 16 9 7 Southeast : 91 62 7 22 19 3 FL : 77 24 6 47 40 7 : MI : 52 13 MN : 83 9 WI : 97 18 Lake : 232 149 43 40 33 7 : Cornbelt I : 229 163 32 34 30 4 Cornbelt II : 207 151 30 26 20 6 Delta : 107 68 18 21 18 3 Northern Plains: 189 123 39 27 23 4 : OK : 76 10 TX : 239 37 Southern Plains: 315 219 49 47 40 7 : Mountain I : 59 31 7 21 20 1 Mountain II : 39 22 6 11 10 1 : AZ : 30 13 NM : 28 5 Mountain III : 58 16 24 18 14 4 : OR : 52 17 WA : 41 20 Pacific : 93 46 10 37 28 9 : CA : 205 43 10 152 123 29 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,347 1,401 348 598 496 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500WRKRS ON FRM:HR WRKD & WGE RATES Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 41.5 6.99 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.30 Northeast I : 37.5 33.0 40.3 7.12 : PA : 44.0 6.12 Other 4/ : 32.3 7.94 Northeast II : 37.0 28.4 39.5 6.76 : NC : 37.7 6.69 VA : 43.0 6.07 Appalachian I : 26.8 27.9 39.5 6.51 : Appalachian II : 20.3 26.5 30.4 5.94 Southeast : 22.5 25.1 34.9 6.60 FL : 24.5 26.5 39.0 7.43 : MI : 34.7 6.95 MN : 30.8 8.15 WI : 34.8 6.10 Lake : 36.8 28.8 33.9 6.80 : Cornbelt I : 28.0 31.0 33.7 7.27 Cornbelt II : 30.3 23.3 32.5 6.33 Delta : 25.9 35.4 33.8 6.43 Northern Plains: 35.1 29.1 39.7 7.20 : OK : 34.0 6.65 TX : 43.0 6.07 Southern Plains: 25.0 23.6 41.1 6.17 : Mountain I : 26.6 32.6 39.8 6.61 Mountain II : 29.9 26.4 38.3 7.09 : AZ : 43.0 6.70 NM : 47.7 5.91 Mountain III : 33.0 26.3 44.3 6.43 : OR : 37.3 7.32 WA : 37.0 7.57 Pacific : 19.3 25.5 37.1 7.46 : CA : 29.7 28.3 43.8 6.95 HI : 28.6 31.4 36.5 9.63 : US 5/ : 28.7 27.7 39.1 6.89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500HRD WRKRS:WGE RATES REG,ST&US JAN 7-13 Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.95 6.06 7.06 Other 4/ : 8.20 6.67 7.80 Northeast I : 7.53 5.63 6.30 10.11 7.73 7.38 3/ 6.81 : PA : 6.11 5.44 6.77 Other 4/ : 7.42 6.93 7.75 Northeast II : 6.53 5.54 6.04 8.45 7.39 7.19 3/ 6.46 : NC : 6.00 6.28 6.34 VA : 5.90 5.77 6.00 Appalachian I : 5.97 6.20 6.13 10.22 7.60 6.24 3/ 7.16 : Appalachian II : 5.41 5.93 5.62 10.17 7.38 5.70 3/ 6.92 Southeast : 6.00 6.13 6.04 9.64 9.05 6.18 3/ 7.35 FL : 6.40 6.25 6.38 12.65 11.00 6.45 6.70 10.60 : MI : 6.75 6.45 7.00 MN : 7.55 6.93 7.35 WI : 7.09 5.34 6.41 Lake : 6.97 5.68 5.97 10.81 8.25 6.82 3/ 6.80 : Cornbelt I : 7.15 6.47 6.81 10.85 7.08 6.91 3/ 7.82 Cornbelt II : 5.89 6.23 6.10 8.87 5.96 6.10 3/ 6.67 Delta : 6.04 5.92 5.97 9.25 6.96 5.64 3/ 7.27 Northern Plains: 7.46 6.59 6.79 9.22 7.14 6.99 3/ 7.34 : OK : 6.00 5.78 6.30 TX : 5.22 5.56 5.62 Southern Plains: 5.31 5.89 5.59 10.27 6.48 5.73 3/ 6.69 : Mountain I : 6.75 6.31 6.42 7.31 6.25 6.08 6.50 6.80 Mountain II : 6.80 6.29 6.49 8.93 9.17 6.74 3/ 7.43 : AZ : 5.55 5.73 5.80 NM : 4.95 5.26 5.87 Mountain III : 5.42 5.90 5.57 10.62 8.52 5.81 3/ 7.59 : OR : 6.66 6.59 6.70 WA : 7.14 7.29 7.09 Pacific : 6.95 7.26 7.00 10.75 9.33 6.90 7.83 9.21 : CA : 6.25 7.21 6.35 11.70 10.67 6.35 7.14 10.18 HI : 8.34 3/ 8.34 15.17 3/ 8.67 3/ 13.93 : US 7/ : 6.33 6.20 6.28 10.42 8.09 6.44 7.14 7.72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 74 30 Other 4/ : 46 19 Northeast I : 120 52 19 49 30 19 : PA : 82 20 Other 4/ : 48 17 Northeast II : 130 66 27 37 25 12 : NC : 88 24 VA : 56 22 Appalachian I : 144 78 20 46 26 20 : Appalachian II : 190 129 33 28 15 13 Southeast : 116 68 10 38 25 13 FL : *91 25 6 *60 *53 7 : MI : 84 26 MN : 117 18 WI : 129 32 Lake : 330 169 85 76 38 38 : Cornbelt I : 312 189 68 55 35 20 Cornbelt II : 280 176 67 37 25 12 Delta : 142 78 18 46 31 15 Northern Plains: 248 144 60 44 29 15 : OK : 85 12 TX : 262 52 Southern Plains: 347 228 55 64 50 14 : Mountain I : 85 34 14 37 23 14 Mountain II : 56 32 10 14 8 6 : AZ : 31 14 NM : 31 7 Mountain III : 62 17 24 21 17 4 : OR : 70 31 WA : 71 43 Pacific : 141 53 14 74 40 34 : CA : 275 45 10 220 130 90 HI : 12 3 1 8 7 1 : US 5/ : *3,081 1,586 541 *954 *607 347 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revisions. 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500WRKRS ON FRM:ALL HRD WKRS REG,ST&US OCT 8-14 Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers, by Region, State, and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 43.4 6.80 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.00 Northeast I : 43.6 33.8 41.7 6.87 : PA : 37.0 6.12 Other 4/ : 41.5 6.94 Northeast II : 41.8 32.6 39.1 6.54 : NC : 35.7 6.22 VA : 41.0 6.28 Appalachian I : 29.0 29.3 38.2 6.25 : Appalachian II : 27.8 21.3 30.7 5.94 Southeast : 27.7 24.3 36.5 5.99 FL : 27.0 23.5 35.5 6.98 : MI : 41.6 6.70 MN : 45.7 7.53 WI : 36.0 6.60 Lake : 50.5 36.7 40.2 6.88 : Cornbelt I : 43.8 37.1 38.8 6.70 Cornbelt II : 47.5 38.8 39.6 6.06 Delta : 38.4 36.5 51.3 5.23 Northern Plains: 53.0 45.0 46.5 6.64 : OK : 44.0 6.20 TX : 41.7 5.74 Southern Plains: 29.8 32.1 42.1 5.83 : Mountain I : 44.9 40.4 52.9 5.78 Mountain II : 38.8 31.1 44.0 6.31 : AZ : 49.0 6.10 NM : 42.6 6.04 Mountain III : 34.7 30.5 46.9 6.08 : OR : 39.5 6.77 WA : 40.0 8.27 Pacific : 33.1 32.2 39.8 7.59 : CA : 35.3 29.3 44.5 6.94 HI : 35.3 36.7 37.4 9.43 : US 5/ : 39.6 35.0 41.9 6.58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500HIRD WKRS:WGE RATES BY REG,ST&US OCT 8-14 Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, October 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.70 6.45 6.96 Other 4/ : 6.70 6.51 7.00 Northeast I : 6.70 5.98 6.47 10.09 7.85 6.98 6.58 6.73 : PA : 6.19 5.80 6.44 Other 4/ : 6.67 6.46 6.91 Northeast II : 6.47 5.33 6.15 8.96 6.83 6.68 3/ 6.19 : NC : 5.69 5.88 5.93 VA : 6.09 6.09 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.92 6.39 5.99 9.08 7.62 6.02 6.35 6.72 : Appalachian II : 5.61 5.83 5.67 3/ 6.71 5.68 3/ 3/ Southeast : 5.52 5.50 5.52 9.86 7.80 5.78 5.16 6.77 FL : 6.02 6.40 6.06 13.40 9.20 6.00 6.95 12.50 : MI : 6.50 6.47 6.65 MN : 7.52 7.31 8.00 WI : 6.25 5.96 6.40 Lake : 6.70 5.92 6.51 9.97 7.89 6.92 6.65 6.83 : Cornbelt I : 6.52 5.97 6.40 10.21 3/ 6.53 3/ 7.10 Cornbelt II : 5.85 5.91 5.86 3/ 3/ 5.99 3/ 6.25 Delta : 4.97 5.46 5.04 3/ 6.61 5.15 3/ 5.45 Northern Plains: 6.49 6.49 6.49 7.32 7.08 6.72 3/ 6.55 : OK : 5.70 5.87 5.90 TX : 5.04 5.45 5.22 Southern Plains: 5.15 6.22 5.53 10.31 6.55 5.35 3/ 6.43 : Mountain I : 5.61 6.12 5.71 6.56 5.82 5.73 3/ 5.85 Mountain II : 5.87 5.46 5.76 3/ 3/ 6.12 3/ 3/ : AZ : 5.55 5.62 5.40 NM : 5.97 5.91 5.91 Mountain III : 5.61 5.96 5.72 3/ 3/ 5.52 3/ 3/ : OR : 6.41 6.39 6.24 WA : 7.95 8.00 7.03 Pacific : 7.28 7.47 7.29 10.78 9.28 6.58 9.06 3/ : CA : 6.32 7.40 6.39 12.17 9.30 6.23 7.79 10.70 HI : 8.40 3/ 8.39 15.09 3/ 8.64 3/ 13.90 : US 7/ : 6.19 6.17 6.19 10.28 7.99 6.20 7.65 7.30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500WRKRS ON FRM:NO. BY REG,ST&US JAN 8-14 Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 48 15 Other 4/ : 42 21 Northeast I : 90 43 11 36 31 5 : PA : 70 15 Other 4/ : 28 7 Northeast II : 98 54 22 22 19 3 : NC : 62 17 VA : 54 13 Appalachian I : 116 71 15 30 22 8 : Appalachian II : 157 110 21 26 14 12 Southeast : 98 64 8 26 20 6 FL : 77 19 3 55 45 10 : MI : 52 16 MN : 94 15 WI : 117 25 Lake : 263 157 50 56 47 9 : Cornbelt I : 206 143 33 30 25 5 Cornbelt II : 194 134 27 33 29 4 Delta : 107 67 18 22 20 2 Northern Plains: 185 124 37 24 20 4 : OK : 78 12 TX : *227 39 Southern Plains: *305 *215 39 51 40 11 : Mountain I : 53 29 10 14 13 1 Mountain II : 45 24 7 14 13 1 : AZ : 26 11 NM : 30 5 Mountain III : 56 15 25 16 14 2 : OR : 50 16 WA : 48 29 Pacific : 98 44 9 45 32 13 : CA : 161 29 10 122 100 22 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : *2,320 *1,345 346 629 510 119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Revisions. 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500WRKRS ON FRM:HRS WKRD &WGE RATES JAN 8-14 Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked 3/ : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Employed : Unpaid/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 40.4 6.58 Other 4/ : 40.0 7.35 Northeast I : 39.9 32.3 40.2 7.04 : PA : 43.0 6.24 Other 4/ : 36.4 6.82 Northeast II : 37.3 34.9 40.9 6.40 : NC : 33.0 6.70 VA : 36.0 6.35 Appalachian I : 27.4 32.4 34.3 6.54 : Appalachian II : 25.5 24.6 30.5 5.64 Southeast : 22.5 27.5 37.7 5.60 FL : 24.0 31.0 41.0 7.39 : MI : 37.3 6.55 MN : 30.9 6.69 WI : 39.0 5.97 Lake : 38.8 30.3 36.3 6.30 : Cornbelt I : 28.8 29.6 38.6 6.73 Cornbelt II : 29.4 24.2 37.2 6.46 Delta : 26.9 32.0 31.9 5.96 Northern Plains: 36.4 27.7 36.8 7.29 : OK : 30.0 6.50 TX : 39.1 5.67 Southern Plains: 29.5 25.7 37.0 5.83 : Mountain I : 33.2 31.2 40.9 6.99 Mountain II : 31.6 26.3 42.8 6.67 : AZ : 47.0 7.40 NM : 39.9 6.08 Mountain III : 28.6 20.9 44.8 7.01 : OR : 35.9 6.96 WA : 36.0 7.41 Pacific : 25.8 25.5 36.0 7.25 : CA : 30.3 27.0 36.0 7.10 HI : 28.6 29.1 37.6 9.76 : US 5/ : 30.8 28.1 37.3 6.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500HRD WKRS:WGE RATES REG,ST&US JAN 8-14 Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 8-14, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 8.07 6.44 6.75 Other 4/ : 7.00 6.48 7.30 Northeast I : 7.40 5.87 6.46 9.46 7.20 7.11 3/ 6.93 : PA : 6.67 5.81 6.52 Other 4/ : 6.53 5.95 6.89 Northeast II : 6.63 5.12 5.84 9.30 8.87 6.61 3/ 6.16 : NC : 5.95 6.09 5.75 VA : 5.87 5.89 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.92 6.07 6.00 9.11 7.56 5.89 3/ 7.02 : Appalachian II : 5.33 5.69 5.51 3/ 3/ 5.64 3/ 3/ Southeast : 5.44 5.25 5.39 3/ 5.67 5.37 6.05 6.19 FL : 6.54 6.25 6.51 12.50 10.00 6.75 6.70 10.85 : MI : 7.40 6.33 6.95 MN : 7.94 6.21 7.43 WI : 6.00 5.33 6.10 Lake : 6.86 5.56 5.83 8.53 7.50 6.51 5.79 6.09 : Cornbelt I : 6.16 6.28 6.21 9.31 7.01 6.39 3/ 7.32 Cornbelt II : 5.63 6.36 6.07 8.35 3/ 6.21 3/ 7.12 Delta : 5.61 5.46 5.54 3/ 6.21 5.42 3/ 6.54 Northern Plains: 7.31 6.86 6.99 3/ 7.58 6.60 3/ 7.88 : OK : 5.85 5.85 6.30 TX : 5.26 5.29 5.19 Southern Plains: 5.33 5.45 5.39 8.60 6.52 5.44 5.67 6.25 : Mountain I : 6.60 6.50 6.52 8.69 6.91 7.36 3/ 6.84 Mountain II : 6.53 5.96 6.13 8.44 6.36 6.55 3/ 6.73 : AZ : 6.80 6.31 6.50 NM : 6.12 5.98 5.76 Mountain III : 6.58 5.51 6.20 3/ 3/ 6.31 3/ 3/ : OR : 6.10 6.22 6.15 WA : 6.59 6.81 6.69 Pacific : 6.43 7.34 6.60 10.65 10.25 6.53 7.58 9.57 : CA : 6.00 6.98 6.17 12.00 9.51 6.07 7.44 9.57 HI : 8.60 3/ 8.55 15.55 3/ 8.78 3/ 14.10 : US 7/ : 6.20 6.00 6.12 10.03 8.16 6.28 6.87 7.46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. HDR2012000170050213961500FIELD&LVSTK WKRS COMBND: WGE RATES,TYP FRM,ETC Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates, by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 8-14, 1995 : January 7-13, 1996 :-------------------------------------------------------------- Region 2/ :Field :Other :L'stk & : All : Field :Other :L'stk & : All :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast : 6.71 7.28 5.70 6.21 6.92 7.95 5.43 6.20 Appalachian : 5.35 6.64 5.73 5.77 5.37 6.14 6.22 5.94 Southeast : 6.30 6.23 5.67 6.16 6.23 5.46 5.53 5.60 Lake : 5.96 7.51 5.47 5.83 7.47 6.85 5.66 5.97 Cornbelt : 6.05 5.92 6.29 6.14 6.53 6.16 6.69 6.50 Delta : 5.96 5.50 5.10 5.54 6.34 4.81 5.84 5.97 Northern Plains : 7.44 3/ 6.73 6.99 7.49 6.28 6.47 6.79 Southern Plains : 5.39 4.98 5.50 5.39 5.59 5.13 5.77 5.59 Mountain : 6.71 6.78 5.94 6.26 5.63 5.89 6.47 6.06 Pacific : 6.41 6.04 7.13 6.29 6.78 6.32 7.17 6.46 48 States : 6.15 6.24 5.93 6.09 6.26 6.20 6.14 6.18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 8-14, 1995 : January 7-13, 1996 Region :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/ : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : <40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : N. East : 7.55 4.96 5.69 7.49 6.80 5.72 5.20 5.63 8.09 6.97 Appal. : 5.53 5.48 4.72 6.90 6.16 5.54 5.43 6.13 6.96 6.30 S. East : 7.01 6.81 6.27 6.90 6.85 4.78 5.66 5.32 6.10 5.89 Lake : 4.04 3.73 5.21 7.24 6.30 3/ 5.53 6.54 7.21 6.80 Cornbelt : 6.39 5.06 6.01 7.07 6.59 6.13 4.91 6.79 7.28 6.86 Delta : 5.58 5.37 5.21 6.47 5.96 5.59 6.28 6.19 6.75 6.43 N. Plains: 7.60 6.75 6.84 7.56 7.29 3/ 3/ 5.79 7.62 7.20 S. Plains: 6.38 5.32 5.36 6.05 5.83 6.98 5.37 5.94 6.21 6.17 Mountain : 7.24 5.68 6.07 7.20 6.89 5.03 6.01 6.55 6.85 6.63 Pacific : 5.90 6.60 6.39 7.28 7.14 6.49 7.28 6.55 7.09 7.04 48 States: 6.43 5.43 5.73 7.09 6.70 5.81 5.80 6.24 6.99 6.86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Regions Consist of the following States. Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC. Lake: MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH. Delta: AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains: OK, TX. Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY. Pacific: CA, OR, WA. 48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI. 3/ Insufficent data. Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : January 8-14, : October 8-14, : January 7-13, Farm : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/ : Field Crops : 19 26 19 Other Crops : 37 50 46 Livestock, Dairy, : & Poultry : 44 24 35 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HDR2012000170050213961500HRD WKRS:DISTRB BY ECON. CL OF FRM,48 STS Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross Value : January 8-14, : October 8-14, : January 7-13, of Sales : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers 3/ : Less than $40,000 : 10 9 9 $40,000-$99,999 : 9 10 8 $100,000-$249,999 : 18 17 16 $250,000 and over : 63 64 67 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI. 2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States, January 7-13 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 8-14, : October 8-14, : January 7-13, : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers : Employed on Farms Hiring : 1 Worker : 16 11 14 2 Workers : 12 9 11 3-6 Workers : 26 18 24 7-10 Workers : 9 10 9 At least 11 Workers : 37 52 42 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : Payment Method : Hourly : 63 70 63 Piece-Rate : 5 10 7 Other Methods : 32 20 30 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution by Category, United States, January 7-13 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : January 8-14, : October 8-14, : January 7-13, : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 :-------------------------------------------------- : Number : Pct : Number : Pct : Number : Pct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 1,000 1,000 : Benefits 3/ : Housing : 114 19 138 14 102 17 Meals : 43 7 57 6 36 6 Bonus : 74 12 102 11 78 13 Health Insurance : 161 27 194 20 173 29 Transportation : 41 7 56 6 48 8 Other Benefits : 164 27 194 20 191 32 Wages Only : 277 46 538 56 269 45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category. Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement benefits, etc. HDR2012000170050213961500AGR. SERVICES Agricultural Services Crew leaders and custom crews provided 115,000 workers for the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of January 7-13, 1996. Service workers in California numbered 51,000 compared with 54,000 during the January 1995 survey week. Florida's number of service workers was 15,000, compared to 13,000 last year. The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and Florida were $6.39 and $8.35 per hour, respectively. Comparable wages in January 1995 were $6.70 in California and $6.81 in Florida. Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, for California, Florida, and United States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Workers : : : Working on Farms : Hours Worked : Wage Rates 3/ State:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- ----- Hours 2/ ----- Dollars per Hour 2/ : CA : 54.0 98.0 51.0 31.5 33.0 39.1 6.70 6.93 6.39 FL : 13.0 5.5 15.0 37.0 31.0 33.0 6.81 7.05 8.35 : US : 140.0 302.0 115.0 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Method of Pay : Type of Work :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hourly : Piece-Rate : Field :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : Jan : Oct : Jan : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 : 1995 : 1995 : 1996 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hours 2/ : CA : 6.19 5.89 6.02 6.50 8.27 6.85 6.21 6.67 6.13 FL : 6.80 6.05 7.00 6.60 7.05 8.45 6.39 6.25 7.75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are not included in the State-Regional tables. 2/ United States data not available. 3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. Farm Labor Regions Region States Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT. Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA. Appalachian I NC, VA. Appalachian II KY, TN, WV. Southeast AL, GA, SC. Lake MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH. Cornbelt II IA, MO. Delta AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain I ID, MT, WY. Mountain II CO, NV, UT. Mountain III AZ, NM. Pacific OR, WA. HDR2012000170050213961500RELBLTY FRM LBR EST, NXT RLSE DATE & EEO STMNT Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service during the last two weeks of January using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and Florida. The survey reference week was January 7-13, 1996. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 6.3 percent and 3.3 percent for all hired workers. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers generally ranged between 7 and 18 percent at the regional and 9 and 29 percent at the published State level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.0 percent. The relative sampling error was 1.2 percent for hourly paid workers and 1.0 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 7 percent at the regional and published State levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 10 percent at the regional level. The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 10 and 20 percent. Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time the information is published or the year after the original publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for October, 1995 and January, 1995 were subject to revision with this report. Revisions are included in this report. Index Page U.S. Workers on Farms, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates .................. 3 Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S. January 1996 ....................................................... 4 October 1995 ....................................................... 7 January 1995 ....................................................... 10 Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S. January 1996 ....................................................... 5 October 1995 ....................................................... 8 January 1995 ....................................................... 11 Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S. January 1996 ....................................................... 5 October 1995 ....................................................... 8 January 1995 ....................................................... 11 Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages January 1995 ....................................................... 16 October 1995 ....................................................... 16 January 1996 ....................................................... 16 Other Labor Estimates U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 15 Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 13 Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States... 13 Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 17 Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 18 Revision Policy ...................................................... 18 The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3:00 p.m. ET on May 14, 1996. The May 14th report will have information for the survey week of April 7-13, 1996. The report will include the number of Total Workers, All Hired Workers, Average Hours Worked by Hired Workers, and the All Hired Worker Wage Rates for 16 States along with regional and U.S. level information. State level information will be available for Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. The hourly method of pay wage rate and the wage rate for field and livestock workers will be available for the 16 States and at the regional and U.S. level. The number of self-employed and unpaid workers along with the corresponding average hours worked will be available for California, Florida, Hawaii, and at the regional and U.S. level. Wage rates by method of pay, type of worker, type of farm, and economic class of farm will also be available at the regional and U.S. level. The number of Agricultural Service Workers and the corresponding wage rates (including by method of pay and for field workers) will be published for Florida and California. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.