HDR1012000170050514961500FARM LABOR Released May 14, 1996, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Farm Labor" call Eddie Oaks at (202) 690-3228, office hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. For assistance with general agricultural statistics, information about NASS, its products or services, contact the NASS Information Hotline at 1-800-727-9540 or E-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV. April All Hired Wage Rate Higher There were 2.91 million people working on the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of April 7-13, 1996. Self-employed farm operators accounted for 1.46 million of the total, along with 455,000 unpaid workers, and 780,000 workers hired directly by farm operators. Agricultural service employees on farms and ranches made up the remaining 207,000 workers. Farm operators paid their hired workers an average wage of $6.76 per hour during the April 1996 survey week, up 27 cents from a year earlier. Workers paid on an hourly basis earned $6.44 per hour compared with $6.20 last April. Field workers received an average of $6.31 per hour, up 26 cents. Livestock workers earned $6.22 per hour compared with $5.88 a year earlier. Self-employed farm operators worked an average of 35.1 hours, compared to 35.0 hours in the comparable week in 1995. Unpaid workers averaged 31.7 hours, compared to 29.8 hours last year. Hired employees worked 40.7 hours during the week, the same as last year. Benefits were provided for 383,000 hired workers. Farm operators provided housing for 130,000, meals for 53,000, bonuses for 99,000, health insurance for 206,000, transportation for 61,000, and other benefits for 214,000 hired workers. During the survey week of April 7-13 dryness continued in Texas' northern panhandle. Rains fell over parts of Kansas and heavy rains and cool weather delayed fieldwork in the Delta. Heavy snow blanketed the Northeast. By week's end, snowfall became widespread in the Lake States. Dry, warm weather in much of the Northwest provided over 5 days suitable for fieldwork. In California, ground preparation for planting corn, cotton, and safflower continued in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. Small grains were irrigated and treated for weeds. Thinning of stone fruit progressed. Navel orange picking was nearly completed. Florida farmers were planting peanuts and making preparations for spring planted crops. Valencia harvest was very active while other citrus harvest was winding down. With warm, windy conditions in Texas, corn, soybean, and grain sorghum planting was underway. Vegetable harvest continued in the Rio Grande Valley. * * * * * * A Farm Labor Survey program reduction will impact the published data series effective August 13, 1996; refer to page 21 for details. Sp Sy 8 (5-96) Farm Labor: Employment and Wage Rates, United States, April 7-13, 1996, with Comparisons 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 9-15, : January 7-13, : April 7-13, Farm Employment : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : Farm Workers : 2,643 2,347 2,699 : Self-Employed : 1,435 1,401 1,464 Unpaid : 386 348 455 Hired : 822 598 780 Expected to be Employed : 150 Days or More : 605 496 599 149 Days or Less : 217 102 181 : Agricultural Services : Workers Working on Farms : 214 115 207 : : Total Farm & Service Workers : 2,857 2,462 2,906 : : Hours per Week Hours Worked : Self-Employed : 35.0 28.7 35.1 Unpaid : 29.8 27.7 31.7 Hired : 40.7 39.1 40.7 : : Dollars per Hour : Wage Rates for : All Hired Workers 2/ 3/ : 6.49 6.89 6.76 : Method of Pay : Hourly : 6.20 6.44 6.44 Piece-Rate : 6.33 7.14 6.69 Other : 7.29 7.72 7.56 : Type of Worker : Field & Livestock Combined : 6.01 6.28 6.28 Field : 6.05 6.33 6.31 Livestock : 5.88 6.20 6.22 Supervisory : 10.58 10.42 10.62 Other : 8.37 8.09 8.18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes AK. 2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, April 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 57 19 Other 4/ : 34 14 Northeast I : 91 42 16 33 27 6 : PA : 82 23 Other 4/ : 33 12 Northeast II : 115 56 24 35 30 5 : NC : 75 22 VA : 57 16 Appalachian I : 132 76 18 38 27 11 : Appalachian II : 168 122 26 20 13 7 Southeast : 101 56 13 32 23 9 FL : 82 25 7 50 43 7 : MI : 64 18 MN : 99 13 WI : 111 28 Lake : 274 159 56 59 44 15 : Cornbelt I : 264 177 44 43 35 8 Cornbelt II : 212 147 38 27 20 7 Delta : 131 69 18 44 32 12 Northern Plains: 224 131 57 36 28 8 : OK : 80 14 TX : 264 50 Southern Plains: 344 226 54 64 48 16 : Mountain I : 78 38 13 27 21 6 Mountain II : 50 25 10 15 11 4 : AZ : 27 14 NM : 28 5 Mountain III : 55 13 23 19 16 3 : OR : 73 21 WA : 54 25 Pacific : 127 54 27 46 30 16 : CA : 240 45 10 185 145 40 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,699 1,464 455 780 599 181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, April 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 42.1 6.91 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.80 Northeast I : 41.8 28.9 40.8 7.27 : PA : 38.0 6.29 Other 4/ : 39.2 7.74 Northeast II : 41.3 30.7 38.4 6.78 : NC : 35.7 6.00 VA : 40.0 6.07 Appalachian I : 30.9 34.2 37.5 6.03 : Appalachian II : 26.2 26.1 33.6 6.29 Southeast : 32.5 31.1 37.2 5.96 FL : 32.0 34.5 38.5 7.05 : MI : 34.8 7.10 MN : 36.6 8.26 WI : 37.9 6.42 Lake : 37.8 33.9 36.7 7.02 : Cornbelt I : 34.1 32.6 37.2 7.14 Cornbelt II : 34.2 28.8 34.7 6.89 Delta : 31.2 29.8 41.8 5.65 Northern Plains: 48.4 33.4 40.5 6.51 : OK : 31.0 6.00 TX : 44.6 6.18 Southern Plains: 29.8 26.5 41.6 6.12 : Mountain I : 46.3 37.1 48.9 5.78 Mountain II : 43.6 32.2 43.3 6.53 : AZ : 50.0 6.50 NM : 46.9 5.89 Mountain III : 35.1 32.1 49.2 6.34 : OR : 39.1 7.32 WA : 42.0 7.53 Pacific : 32.8 37.1 40.7 7.44 : CA : 36.7 40.3 43.9 7.14 HI : 30.5 24.5 37.5 10.13 : US 5/ : 35.1 31.7 40.7 6.76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, April 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 7.12 6.72 6.88 Other 4/ : 7.85 7.24 7.85 Northeast I : 7.47 6.20 6.93 9.49 7.54 7.27 7.25 7.28 : PA : 6.46 5.76 6.56 Other 4/ : 6.86 6.84 7.14 Northeast II : 6.62 5.31 6.11 10.42 8.37 6.79 7.22 6.72 : NC : 5.52 5.76 5.69 VA : 5.70 5.80 5.88 Appalachian I : 5.60 6.21 5.78 8.98 7.25 5.78 3/ 6.96 : Appalachian II : 5.84 5.75 5.80 11.69 7.29 5.71 3/ 8.03 Southeast : 5.52 5.63 5.56 10.09 9.32 5.86 5.84 6.18 FL : 6.12 7.10 6.27 13.05 9.35 6.35 6.50 10.65 : MI : 6.85 6.87 6.85 MN : 8.20 8.13 8.15 WI : 6.10 5.78 6.09 Lake : 6.78 6.39 6.56 10.48 8.40 6.77 8.75 7.41 : Cornbelt I : 6.57 6.76 6.61 10.52 8.07 6.64 3/ 8.35 Cornbelt II : 6.47 7.00 6.67 9.76 6.38 6.43 3/ 7.35 Delta : 5.38 5.74 5.46 8.43 6.20 5.45 5.01 6.18 Northern Plains: 6.76 5.79 6.32 7.60 6.90 6.50 3/ 6.51 : OK : 5.50 5.57 5.70 TX : 5.32 5.37 5.82 Southern Plains: 5.38 5.53 5.45 9.11 6.73 5.79 5.05 6.62 : Mountain I : 5.54 5.29 5.42 8.28 5.38 5.69 5.03 5.90 Mountain II : 5.60 5.88 5.73 10.37 8.55 6.24 4.18 7.38 : AZ : 5.65 5.79 6.00 NM : 5.72 5.59 5.88 Mountain III : 5.67 6.03 5.74 11.39 9.98 5.97 5.59 7.51 : OR : 6.75 6.71 6.80 WA : 6.89 6.99 6.93 Pacific : 6.83 7.22 6.87 11.65 10.60 6.87 8.14 10.88 : CA : 6.53 7.50 6.64 12.58 10.51 6.69 6.93 9.99 HI : 8.79 3/ 8.76 16.45 3/ 9.04 3/ 14.83 : US 5/ : 6.31 6.22 6.28 10.62 8.18 6.44 6.69 7.56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 57 15 Other 4/ : 29 13 Northeast I : 86 48 10 28 24 4 : PA : 66 13 Other 4/ : 25 8 Northeast II : 91 50 20 21 19 2 : NC : 62 15 VA : 45 8 Appalachian I : 107 68 16 23 20 3 : Appalachian II : 151 115 20 16 9 7 Southeast : 91 62 7 22 19 3 FL : 77 24 6 47 40 7 : MI : 52 13 MN : 83 9 WI : 97 18 Lake : 232 149 43 40 33 7 : Cornbelt I : 229 163 32 34 30 4 Cornbelt II : 207 151 30 26 20 6 Delta : 107 68 18 21 18 3 Northern Plains: 189 123 39 27 23 4 : OK : 76 10 TX : 239 37 Southern Plains: 315 219 49 47 40 7 : Mountain I : 59 31 7 21 20 1 Mountain II : 39 22 6 11 10 1 : AZ : 30 13 NM : 28 5 Mountain III : 58 16 24 18 14 4 : OR : 52 17 WA : 41 20 Pacific : 93 46 10 37 28 9 : CA : 205 43 10 152 123 29 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,347 1,401 348 598 496 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers, by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ :Employed 3/: Unpaid 3/ : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 41.5 6.99 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.30 Northeast I : 37.5 33.0 40.3 7.12 : PA : 44.0 6.12 Other 4/ : 32.3 7.94 Northeast II : 37.0 28.4 39.5 6.76 : NC : 37.7 6.69 VA : 43.0 6.07 Appalachian I : 26.8 27.9 39.5 6.51 : Appalachian II : 20.3 26.5 30.4 5.94 Southeast : 22.5 25.1 34.9 6.60 FL : 24.5 26.5 39.0 7.43 : MI : 34.7 6.95 MN : 30.8 8.15 WI : 34.8 6.10 Lake : 36.8 28.8 33.9 6.80 : Cornbelt I : 28.0 31.0 33.7 7.27 Cornbelt II : 30.3 23.3 32.5 6.33 Delta : 25.9 35.4 33.8 6.43 Northern Plains: 35.1 29.1 39.7 7.20 : OK : 34.0 6.65 TX : 43.0 6.07 Southern Plains: 25.0 23.6 41.1 6.17 : Mountain I : 26.6 32.6 39.8 6.61 Mountain II : 29.9 26.4 38.3 7.09 : AZ : 43.0 6.70 NM : 47.7 5.91 Mountain III : 33.0 26.3 44.3 6.43 : OR : 37.3 7.32 WA : 37.0 7.57 Pacific : 19.3 25.5 37.1 7.46 : CA : 29.7 28.3 43.8 6.95 HI : 28.6 31.4 36.5 9.63 : US 5/ : 28.7 27.7 39.1 6.89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, January 7-13, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.95 6.06 7.06 Other 4/ : 8.20 6.67 7.80 Northeast I : 7.53 5.63 6.30 10.11 7.73 7.38 3/ 6.81 : PA : 6.11 5.44 6.77 Other 4/ : 7.42 6.93 7.75 Northeast II : 6.53 5.54 6.04 8.45 7.39 7.19 3/ 6.46 : NC : 6.00 6.28 6.34 VA : 5.90 5.77 6.00 Appalachian I : 5.97 6.20 6.13 10.22 7.60 6.24 3/ 7.16 : Appalachian II : 5.41 5.93 5.62 10.17 7.38 5.70 3/ 6.92 Southeast : 6.00 6.13 6.04 9.64 9.05 6.18 3/ 7.35 FL : 6.40 6.25 6.38 12.65 11.00 6.45 6.70 10.60 : MI : 6.75 6.45 7.00 MN : 7.55 6.93 7.35 WI : 7.09 5.34 6.41 Lake : 6.97 5.68 5.97 10.81 8.25 6.82 3/ 6.80 : Cornbelt I : 7.15 6.47 6.81 10.85 7.08 6.91 3/ 7.82 Cornbelt II : 5.89 6.23 6.10 8.87 5.96 6.10 3/ 6.67 Delta : 6.04 5.92 5.97 9.25 6.96 5.64 3/ 7.27 Northern Plains: 7.46 6.59 6.79 9.22 7.14 6.99 3/ 7.34 : OK : 6.00 5.78 6.30 TX : 5.22 5.56 5.62 Southern Plains: 5.31 5.89 5.59 10.27 6.48 5.73 3/ 6.69 : Mountain I : 6.75 6.31 6.42 7.31 6.25 6.08 6.50 6.80 Mountain II : 6.80 6.29 6.49 8.93 9.17 6.74 3/ 7.43 : AZ : 5.55 5.73 5.80 NM : 4.95 5.26 5.87 Mountain III : 5.42 5.90 5.57 10.62 8.52 5.81 3/ 7.59 : OR : 6.66 6.59 6.70 WA : 7.14 7.29 7.09 Pacific : 6.95 7.26 7.00 10.75 9.33 6.90 7.83 9.21 : CA : 6.25 7.21 6.35 11.70 10.67 6.35 7.14 10.18 HI : 8.34 3/ 8.34 15.17 3/ 8.67 3/ 13.93 : US 7/ : 6.33 6.20 6.28 10.42 8.09 6.44 7.14 7.72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U.S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Number by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : Hired : : : :----------------------------------- State : All : Self- : : : Expected to be Employed and : Farm :Employed : Unpaid : Number :------------------------- Region 2/ : Workers : 3/ : 3/ : of : 150 Days : 149 Days : : : : Workers : or More 3/ : or Less 3/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : NY : 50 17 Other 4/ : 49 25 Northeast I : 99 41 16 42 35 7 : PA : 75 21 Other 4/ : 36 12 Northeast II : 111 56 22 33 26 7 : NC : 84 29 VA : 54 15 Appalachian I : 138 76 18 44 30 14 : Appalachian II : 177 115 32 30 16 14 Southeast : 113 59 12 42 30 12 FL : 72 19 3 50 43 7 : MI : 70 29 MN : 89 11 WI : 118 24 Lake : 277 160 53 64 46 18 : Cornbelt I : 242 166 30 46 36 10 Cornbelt II : 206 143 30 33 26 7 Delta : 133 84 16 33 25 8 Northern Plains: 196 133 40 23 19 4 : OK : 74 9 TX : 243 45 Southern Plains: 317 219 44 54 44 10 : Mountain I : 68 32 17 19 16 3 Mountain II : 47 25 9 13 11 2 : AZ : 27 13 NM : 30 6 Mountain III : 57 14 24 19 16 3 : OR : 58 19 WA : 61 37 Pacific : 119 50 13 56 37 19 : CA : 260 40 6 214 143 71 HI : 11 3 1 7 6 1 : US 5/ : 2,643 1,435 386 822 605 217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Workers on Farms: Hours Worked and Wage Rates for All Hired Workers by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hours Worked 3/ : State :----------------------------------: Wage Rates for and : Self- : : : All Hired Workers Region 2/ : Employed : Unpaid : Hired : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ Hours per Week ------ Dollars per Hour : NY : 42.0 6.45 Other 4/ : 39.0 7.55 Northeast I : 44.8 32.7 40.2 7.08 : PA : 41.0 6.06 Other 4/ : 41.3 7.07 Northeast II : 38.3 34.2 41.1 6.44 : NC : 33.7 5.95 VA : 41.0 6.27 Appalachian I : 31.3 33.2 36.2 6.08 : Appalachian II : 27.2 25.8 36.4 5.75 Southeast : 30.3 29.5 40.3 5.57 FL : 27.0 29.0 38.0 7.86 : MI : 42.6 6.86 MN : 37.5 7.65 WI : 36.9 6.70 Lake : 41.5 29.3 39.6 6.93 : Cornbelt I : 31.4 29.8 37.2 6.67 Cornbelt II : 33.2 26.9 37.7 6.05 Delta : 32.6 25.2 38.8 5.62 Northern Plains: 43.9 37.5 41.1 6.22 : OK : 37.0 6.50 TX : 41.3 5.71 Southern Plains: 33.7 25.0 40.6 5.82 : Mountain I : 46.3 32.3 46.5 5.71 Mountain II : 38.1 29.5 41.3 6.20 : AZ : 42.0 6.41 NM : 45.6 6.43 Mountain III : 31.1 27.6 43.1 6.42 : OR : 39.6 6.88 WA : 38.0 7.03 Pacific : 31.4 29.6 38.5 6.98 : CA : 31.5 34.7 44.8 6.55 HI : 30.4 29.1 36.5 10.02 : US 5/ : 35.0 29.8 40.7 6.49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Self employed and unpaid published at regional and U.S. level only. 4/ Other States in the same region. 5/ Excludes AK. Hired Workers: Wage Rates by Region, State, and United States, April 9-15, 1995 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Type of Worker 5/ : Method of Pay 6/ State :---------------------------------------------------------------- and : : : Field & :Super-: : : Piece : Region 2/ :Field :Livestock:Livestock :visory:Other:Hourly : Rate : Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : NY : 6.76 5.95 6.95 Other 4/ : 7.00 6.60 7.50 Northeast I : 6.90 5.71 6.30 10.13 8.67 7.29 3/ 6.65 : PA : 6.19 5.67 6.18 Other 4/ : 6.91 6.69 7.04 Northeast II : 6.53 5.30 6.06 9.53 8.13 6.56 3/ 6.22 : NC : 5.37 5.58 5.75 VA : 5.85 5.89 6.10 Appalachian I : 5.54 6.17 5.69 9.04 7.54 5.87 3/ 6.61 : Appalachian II : 5.68 5.48 5.61 3/ 7.89 5.92 3/ 5.26 Southeast : 5.16 5.56 5.24 9.69 6.94 5.31 4.70 6.14 FL : 7.05 6.20 6.97 12.70 11.65 7.25 7.50 10.90 : MI : 6.41 6.41 6.48 MN : 8.34 7.26 7.80 WI : 7.05 5.73 6.90 Lake : 6.70 5.79 6.28 10.78 8.45 6.76 3/ 7.23 : Cornbelt I : 6.25 5.94 6.19 9.81 6.99 6.40 3/ 7.46 Cornbelt II : 6.16 5.63 5.77 8.70 6.50 5.69 3/ 7.15 Delta : 5.23 5.84 5.41 9.18 6.28 5.33 3/ 6.28 Northern Plains: 6.63 5.66 6.12 3/ 3/ 6.37 3/ 6.07 : OK : 5.95 5.86 6.00 TX : 5.38 5.49 5.57 Southern Plains: 5.44 5.67 5.54 8.44 6.64 5.63 3/ 6.00 : Mountain I : 5.61 5.38 5.51 3/ 6.18 5.60 3/ 5.77 Mountain II : 5.65 5.53 5.58 8.27 3/ 5.47 3/ 6.91 : AZ : 5.75 5.86 6.00 NM : 5.55 6.21 5.60 Mountain III : 5.71 6.53 5.98 10.13 3/ 5.94 3/ 7.19 : OR : 6.30 6.35 6.23 WA : 6.43 6.56 6.62 Pacific : 6.39 7.37 6.49 10.79 9.23 6.50 3/ 9.53 : CA : 5.94 7.25 6.03 12.76 9.62 6.00 6.21 10.81 HI : 8.75 3/ 8.73 15.40 3/ 9.00 3/ 14.16 : US 7/ : 6.05 5.88 6.01 10.58 8.37 6.20 6.33 7.29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Region map on page 17. 3/ Insufficient data. 4/ Other States in the same region 5/ Livestock, Supervisory, and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 6/ Piece Rate and Other published at regional and U. S. level only. 7/ Excludes AK. Field and Livestock Workers Combined: Wage Rates, by Type of Farm, by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 9-15, 1995 : April 7-13, 1996 :-------------------------------------------------------------- Region 2/ :Field :Other :L'stk & : All : Field :Other :L'stk & : All :Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms : Crops :Crops :Poultry : Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : Northeast : 5.85 6.82 5.74 6.18 6.60 7.34 5.74 6.51 Appalachian : 5.17 5.87 5.81 5.66 5.48 5.73 6.07 5.78 Southeast : 4.80 5.68 4.95 5.37 4.63 5.41 5.51 5.29 Lake : 7.16 6.60 5.71 6.28 5.85 7.35 6.44 6.56 Cornbelt : 6.36 6.26 5.70 6.01 6.44 6.21 7.36 6.63 Delta : 5.23 5.35 5.79 5.41 5.38 5.03 5.75 5.46 Northern Plains : 6.39 6.90 5.80 6.12 6.89 5.49 6.12 6.32 Southern Plains : 5.47 5.60 5.57 5.54 5.47 5.09 5.56 5.45 Mountain : 5.75 6.08 5.45 5.70 5.65 5.83 5.43 5.59 Pacific : 6.39 5.97 7.12 6.11 6.29 6.64 7.29 6.68 48 States : 5.75 6.05 5.80 5.91 5.81 6.40 6.19 6.19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Hired Workers: Wage Rates, by Economic Class of Farm by Region and 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 9-15, 1995 : April 7-13, 1996 Region :---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/ : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : Gross Value Sales-$1000's : All : <40 :40-99 :100-249 :250+ :Farms : <40 :40-99 :100-249 : 250+ :Farms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hour : N. East : 8.03 6.08 5.82 7.37 6.79 5.62 5.67 5.74 7.84 7.02 Appal. : 5.36 5.12 5.70 6.32 5.94 5.86 5.75 6.54 6.20 6.11 S. East : 4.79 4.28 4.70 5.98 5.65 4.96 5.06 5.56 5.70 5.62 Lake : 5.47 5.79 5.59 7.45 6.93 4.84 6.03 6.65 7.31 7.02 Cornbelt : 5.45 5.88 6.12 7.12 6.41 6.55 5.65 6.90 7.28 7.05 Delta : 5.61 5.42 5.25 5.84 5.62 5.42 5.60 5.51 5.75 5.65 N. Plains: 5.35 4.74 5.88 6.80 6.22 5.22 7.07 5.24 7.10 6.51 S. Plains: 7.07 5.63 5.32 5.91 5.82 5.07 6.76 6.59 6.21 6.12 Mountain : 5.78 6.58 5.88 6.10 6.08 6.38 5.50 5.76 6.28 6.12 Pacific : 7.29 6.59 6.67 6.61 6.63 7.11 6.65 7.07 7.23 7.20 48 States: 6.10 5.73 5.77 6.60 6.47 5.81 5.87 6.18 6.87 6.73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Regions consist of the following States. Northeast: CT, DE, MD, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC. Lake: MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt: IA, IL, IN, MO, OH. Delta: AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains: OK, TX. Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY. Pacific: CA, OR, WA. 48 States: All States, excluding AK and HI. 3/ Insufficient data. Field and Livestock Workers: Distribution by Type of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of : April 9-15, : January 7-13, : April 7-13, Farm : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Field and Livestock Workers 2/ 3/ : Field Crops : 19 19 23 Other Crops : 52 46 47 Livestock, Dairy, : & Poultry : 29 35 30 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hired Workers: Distribution by Economic Class of Farm, 48 States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gross Value : April 9-15, : January 7-13, : April 7-13, of Sales : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers 3/ : Less than $40,000 : 10 9 9 $40,000-$99,999 : 8 8 9 $100,000-$249,999 : 18 16 17 $250,000 and over : 64 67 65 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 48 States, excluding AK and HI. 2/ Field and Livestock Workers combined. 3/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. Hired Workers: Distribution by Category, United States, April 7-13 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 9-15, : January 7-13, : April 7-13, : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent of Hired Workers : Employed on Farms Hiring : 1 Worker : 12 14 14 2 Workers : 10 11 11 3-6 Workers : 17 24 21 7-10 Workers : 9 9 11 At least 11 Workers : 52 42 43 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 : : Payment Method : Hourly : 69 63 70 Piece-Rate : 8 7 6 Other Methods : 23 30 24 : 100.0 100.0 100.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ Benefits are in priority from highest to lowest. Each worker is counted one time in the highest category, even though benefits in a lower category may be received. Housing and meals is comparable to room and board used in previous reports. Other benefits include transportation, life and health insurance, utilities, etc. Hired Workers: Receiving Benefits, Distribution by Category, United States, April 7-13 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : April 9-15, : January 7-13, : April 7-13, : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 :-------------------------------------------------- : Number : Pct : Number : Pct : Number : Pct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 1,000 1,000 : Benefits 3/ : Housing : 124 15 102 17 130 17 Meals : 48 6 36 6 53 7 Bonus : 81 10 78 13 99 13 Health Insurance : 188 23 173 29 206 27 Transportation : 55 7 48 8 61 8 Other Benefits : 188 23 191 32 214 28 Wages Only : 450 55 269 45 397 52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes Agricultural Service Workers. 2/ Excludes AK. 3/ All benefits received by hired workers are accounted for in each category. Other benefits include life insurance, utilities, pension, or retirement benefits, etc. Agricultural Services Crew leaders and custom crews provided 207,000 workers for the Nation's farms and ranches during the week of April 7-13, 1996. Service workers in California numbered 63,000 compared with 91,000 during the April 1995 survey week. Florida's number of service workers was 10,500, compared to 10,000 last year. The average wages received by agricultural service workers in California and Florida were $6.58 and $7.68 per hour, respectively. Comparable wages in April 1995 were $6.39 in California and $7.58 in Florida. Agricultural Service Workers: Number, Hours Worked, and Wage Rates, for California, Florida, and United States 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number of Workers : : : Working on Farms : Hours Worked : Wage Rates 3/ State:------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- 1,000 ------- ----- Hours 2/ ----- Dollars per Hour 2/ : CA : 91.0 51.0 63.0 31.9 39.1 38.2 6.39 6.39 6.58 FL : 10.0 15.0 10.5 35.0 33.0 31.5 7.58 8.35 7.68 : US : 214.0 115.0 207.0 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Method of Pay : Type of Work :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hourly : Piece-Rate : Field :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : Apr : Jan : Apr : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 : 1995 : 1996 : 1996 :------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Dollars per Hours 2/ : CA : 5.83 6.02 5.95 7.50 6.85 8.51 6.02 6.13 6.29 FL : 6.70 7.00 7.03 7.75 8.45 7.50 7.02 7.75 7.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Data are for Agricultural Services performed on the farm by custom service units such as crew leaders or custom crews. These statistics are not included in the State-Regional tables. 2/ United States data not available. 3/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided some workers but the values are not included in the wage rates. Farm Labor Regions Region States Northeast I CT, ME, MA, NH, NY, RI, VT. Northeast II DE, MD, NJ, PA. Appalachian I NC, VA. Appalachian II KY, TN, WV. Southeast AL, GA, SC. Lake MI, MN, WI. Cornbelt I IL, IN, OH. Cornbelt II IA, MO. Delta AR, LA, MS. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain I ID, MT, WY. Mountain II CO, NV, UT. Mountain III AZ, NM. Pacific OR, WA. Farm Labor Definitions The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics published in this report. To insure consistency in data collection, the questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide more in- depth explanations of these terms. Farm or Ranch: Places that sell, or would normally sell, at least $1000 worth of agricultural products during the year. Agricultural Work: Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the production of agricultural products, including nursery and greenhouse products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries. Also included is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as trips to buy feed or deliver products to local market. Self-employed Worker: A farm or ranch operator or partner who did at least one hour of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch during the survey week. Unpaid Worker: Anyone, other than a self-employed worker, who did at least 15 hours of unpaid agricultural work on a farm or ranch during the survey week. Hired Worker: Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch. Worker type is determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not necessarily what work was done during the survey week. Type of workers include: Field Workers: Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops including operation of farm machinery on crop farms. Livestock Workers: Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring for poultry, including operation of farm machinery on livestock or poultry operations. Supervisors: Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc. Other Workers: Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the other three categories. Bookkeepers and pilots are examples. Methods of Pay: Wage rates are calculated based on total wages and hours worked during the survey week. Definitions for the three categories are: Hourly Wages: Pay based on hours actually worked. Piece-rate Wages: Pay determined by multiplying the units produced (boxes, crates, bales, etc.) by the rate per unit. Definitions - continued Other Pay Methods: All other methods of calculating pay, such as straight salary, regardless of hours worked. Perquisites: Benefits, such as a cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites. Wage rates published in this release do not include the value of these benefits. Term of Employment: The length of time during the year the farm operator expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll during the survey week. Agricultural Service: Agricultural work performed on a farm or ranch if the provider of the service is paid on a contract basis for materials, equipment, or labor. Type of Farm (or Ranch): An operation is classified in the farm type which accounts for the largest portion of the total value of sales for its agriculture production. The three types of farms are: Field Crops: A farm primarily engaged in the production of: wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, barley, dry beans, rye, sorghum, cotton, popcorn, tobacco, potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, or other such crops. Other Crops: A farm primarily engaged in the production of: vegetables, melons, berry crops, grapes, tree nuts, citrus fruits, deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs, olives, nursery, or greenhouse crops. Livestock or Poultry: An operation primarily engaged in production of: cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, milk, chickens, eggs, turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs, fish, honey, etc. Gross Value of Sales: Gross value includes all income during a year from the sale of crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other related agricultural products, including the landlord's share. When commodities are placed under CCC loan, they are considered as sold. Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates Survey Procedures: These data were collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) during the last two weeks of April using sampling procedures to ensure every employer of agricultural workers had a chance of being selected. Two samples of farm operators are selected. First, NASS maintains a list of farms that hire farm workers. Farms on this list are classified by size and type. Those expected to employ large numbers of workers are selected with greater frequency than those hiring few or no workers. A second sample consists of segments of land scientifically selected from aerial photography. Each June, highly trained interviewers locate each selected land segment and identify every farm operating land within the sample segment's boundaries. The names of farms found in these area segments are matched against the list of farms; those not found on the list are included in the labor survey sample to represent all farms not on the NASS list. This methodology is known as multiple frame sampling, with an area sample used to measure the incompleteness of the list. Additionally, a list of agricultural service firms was sampled in California and Florida. The survey reference week was April 7-13, 1996. Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. The relative sampling error for number of all non-salaried workers at the U.S. level was 3.1 percent and 3.3 percent for all hired workers. The relative sampling error for number of hired workers generally ranged between 7 and 20 percent at the regional and published State level. The U.S. all hired farm worker wage rate had a relative sampling error of 1.2 percent. The relative sampling error was 1.4 percent for hourly paid workers and 1.3 percent for the combined field and livestock worker wage rate. Relative sampling errors for the all hired farm worker wage rate generally ranged between 2 and 7 percent at the regional and published State levels. Relative sampling errors for wage rates published by type of farm and economic class of farm ranged between 2 and 8 percent at the regional level. The relative sampling errors for hired workers benefits ranged between 5 and 9 percent. Nonsampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as in sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each operation sampled, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize nonsampling errors. Revision Policy: Farm labor information is subject to revision the next time the information is published or the year after the original publication date. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. Worker numbers and wage rates for April 1995 and January 1996 were subject to revision with this report. No revisions were made but previous data are reprinted in this report for your information. Beginning in January 1995, the criteria for publishing livestock, supervisor, and other wage rates was changed to a wage rate weight greater than 2 percent and a relative sampling error below 10 percent. Also, worker and wage rate indexes were discontinued after the October 1994 publication. A 1990-92=100 all hired wage rate index is published in the quarterly Agriculture Prices release beginning in 1995. The next "Farm Labor" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on August 13, 1996. The August 13th report will have information for the survey week of July 7-13, 1996. The report will include the number of all hired workers, average hours worked by hired workers, and the all hired worker wage rates for California, Florida, and Hawaii along with regional and U.S. level information. Wage rates for field and livestock workers will be available for the three States described above and at the regional and U.S. level. Wage rates by type of farm and economic class of farm will be available at the regional and U.S. level. The number of agricultural service workers and corresponding wage rates, including a field worker wage rate, will be published for California and Florida. A Farm Labor Survey program reduction will impact the published data series effective August 13. Self employed and unpaid worker data for the U.S., regions, and selected States will be published annually rather than quarterly. The number of hired workers, hours worked, and hired worker wage rates for major States (except California, Florida, and Hawaii) will be published annually instead of quarterly. Wage rates for supervisory, other type of worker, hourly, piece rate, and other method of pay categories will be discontinued. Farm worker benefits data will be collected and published on a periodic basis. The annual labor estimates and a new data series on U.S. migrant workers will be published in the November 13, 1996 Farm Labor Release. Index Page U.S. Workers on Farms, Wage Rates, Hours Worked, and Indexes ......... 3 Number of Workers by Region, State, and U.S. April 1996 ......................................................... 4 January 1996 ....................................................... 7 April 1995 ......................................................... 10 Average Hours Worked by Region, State, and U.S. April 1996 ......................................................... 5 January 1996 ....................................................... 8 April 1995 ......................................................... 11 Wage Rates by Region, State, and U.S. April 1996 ......................................................... 5 January 1996 ....................................................... 8 April 1995 ......................................................... 11 Agricultural Services: Workers, Average Hours Worked, and Wages April 1996 ......................................................... 16 January 1996 ....................................................... 16 April 1995 ......................................................... 16 Other Labor Estimates U.S. Distribution of Workers ....................................... 15 Wage Rates by Type of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States ............ 13 Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm, by Region, State, 48 States... 13 Farm Labor Region Map ................................................ 17 Farm Labor Definitions ............................................... 18 Reliability of Farm Labor Estimates .................................. 20 Revision Policy ...................................................... 20 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881 (voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, USDA, Washington, D.C., 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. SUBSCRIBE TODAY!! For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services: INTERNET ACCESS All NASS reports are now available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and select: 1. Worldwide Web: http://www.usda.gov/nass/ OR 2. For Gopher/Telenet/FTP access: HOST=usda.mannlib.cornell.edu OR 3. For a subscription direct to your e-mail address, send an e-mail message to: usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu and in the body of the message type the word: list - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 1-800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada) Other areas, please call l-703-834-0125 FAX: 1-703-834-0110 (Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSISTANCE For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or services, contact the NASS INFORMATION HOTLINE at 1-800-727-9540, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., or e-mail: NASS@NASS.USDA.GOV.