United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service Economic Research Service Sp Sy 5 (00) Farm Production Expenditures 1999 Summary July 2000 Production Expenditures Up Slightly in 1999 U.S. farm production expenditures totaled $184.3 billion in 1999, up 0.6 percent from the revised 1998 total of $183.2 billion. The largest contributors to the increase were; livestock and poultry purchases, up 15.9 percent; farm improvements and construction, up 10.1 percent; labor, up 3.7 percent; and farm supplies and repairs, up 3.3 percent. These increases were partially offset by decreases in; tractors and self-propelled machinery, down 10.0 percent; rent, down 8.1 percent; and fertilizer, down 6.6 percent. The largest two expenditure categories were farm services which accounted for 13.9 percent of the U.S. total production expenses, and feed which accounted for 13.3 percent of the U.S. total production expenses. The farm services category includes expense items such as custom work, utilities, marketing charges, veterinary services, transportation costs, and miscellaneous business expenses. The average expenditures per U.S. farm in 1999 were $84,209 compared to $83,810, as revised for 1998. On the average, U.S. farm operations in 1999 spent $11,746 on farm services; $11,197 on feed; $9,004 on labor; $7,678 for livestock and poultry purchases; and $7,267 on rent. Revised estimates for 1998 indicated that U.S. farms spent an average of $11,440 on farm services; $11,440 on feed; $8,694 on labor; $6,635 for livestock and poultry purchases; and $7,917 on rent. The Farm Production Region (as defined on page 24) contributing most to the total 1999 U.S. farm production expenditures was the Corn Belt with expenses of $34.4 billion, 18.6 percent of the U.S. total. Expenditures in the Corn Belt were down 1.2 percent from the 1998 level of $34.8 billion. In total expenditures, the Corn Belt was followed by the Pacific Region at $30.9 billion (1998 - $29.0 billion); Northern Plains $23.2 billion (1998 - $22.6 billion); Lake States $18.3 billion (1998 - $19.0 billion); and the Southern Plains at $15.9 billion (1998 - $15.6 billion). Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Total and Percent of Total, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Expenditure - Farm Share : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :Million Dollars Percent Million Dollars Percent : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 183,150 100.0 184,250 100.0 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 14,500 7.9 16,800 9.1 : Feed : 25,000 13.7 24,500 13.3 : Farm Services 5/ : 25,000 13.7 25,700 13.9 : Rent 6/ : 17,300 9.4 15,900 8.6 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 9,000 4.9 8,600 4.7 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 10,600 5.8 9,900 5.4 : Interest : 10,800 5.9 10,700 5.8 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 6,800 3.7 6,800 3.7 : Labor : 19,000 10.4 19,700 10.7 : Fuels : 5,400 2.9 5,500 3.0 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 12,200 6.7 12,600 6.8 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 6,450 3.5 7,100 3.9 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 6,000 3.3 5,400 2.9 : Other Farm Machinery : 3,550 1.9 3,500 1.9 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 7,200 3.9 7,200 3.9 : Trucks & Autos : 4,000 2.2 3,900 2.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 83,810 84,209 183,150 184,250 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 29.8 30.8 6,635 7,678 14,500 16,800 : Feed : 66.6 63.0 11,440 11,197 25,000 24,500 : Farm Services 5/ : 96.2 97.2 11,440 11,746 25,000 25,700 : Rent 6/ : 36.4 35.5 7,917 7,267 17,300 15,900 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 57.3 54.2 4,118 3,931 9,000 8,600 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 64.9 65.0 4,851 4,525 10,600 9,900 : Interest : 48.2 46.2 4,942 4,890 10,800 10,700 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.2 98.1 3,112 3,108 6,800 6,800 : Labor : 40.5 37.3 8,694 9,004 19,000 19,700 : Fuels : 86.3 85.1 2,471 2,514 5,400 5,500 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 88.5 88.6 5,583 5,759 12,200 12,600 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 51.9 50.6 2,952 3,245 6,450 7,100 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 14.5 13.8 2,746 2,468 6,000 5,400 : Other Farm Machinery : 23.0 22.9 1,624 1,600 3,550 3,500 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 54.5 51.2 3,295 3,291 7,200 7,200 : Trucks & Autos : 17.7 16.7 1,830 1,782 4,000 3,900 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Crop Farms, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 99,702 100,166 100,300 96,360 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 15.2 14.2 1,720 1,767 1,730 1,700 : Feed : 31.7 27.5 1,581 1,559 1,590 1,500 : Farm Services 5/ : 93.9 95.3 14,811 14,969 14,900 14,400 : Rent 6/ : 41.2 41.0 13,827 12,983 13,910 12,490 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 71.1 68.7 7,873 7,817 7,920 7,520 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 75.7 74.8 8,231 7,838 8,280 7,540 : Interest : 50.7 49.6 5,895 5,852 5,930 5,630 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.7 97.8 4,016 4,106 4,040 3,950 : Labor : 45.6 42.1 13,708 14,553 13,790 14,000 : Fuels : 86.5 84.8 3,469 3,649 3,490 3,510 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 86.5 86.6 7,475 7,911 7,520 7,610 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 43.8 44.9 2,922 3,264 2,940 3,140 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 16.7 13.7 3,827 3,337 3,850 3,210 : Other Farm Machinery : 25.2 22.8 2,083 1,944 2,095 1,870 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 71.8 67.5 6,093 6,372 6,130 6,130 : Trucks & Autos : 19.2 17.2 1,909 1,871 1,920 1,800 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Livestock Farms, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 70,254 71,688 82,850 87,890 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 42.1 42.6 10,828 12,316 12,770 15,100 : Feed : 95.9 88.4 19,851 18,760 23,410 23,000 : Farm Services 5/ : 98.1 98.5 8,564 9,217 10,100 11,300 : Rent 6/ : 32.4 31.6 2,875 2,781 3,390 3,410 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 45.7 43.9 916 881 1,080 1,080 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 55.8 58.0 1,967 1,925 2,320 2,360 : Interest : 46.0 43.7 4,130 4,135 4,870 5,070 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 98.8 98.3 2,340 2,325 2,760 2,850 : Labor : 36.2 33.8 4,418 4,649 5,210 5,700 : Fuels : 86.2 85.3 1,620 1,623 1,910 1,990 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 90.2 90.1 3,968 4,070 4,680 4,990 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 58.7 54.6 2,976 3,230 3,510 3,960 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 12.6 13.9 1,823 1,786 2,150 2,190 : Other Farm Machinery : 21.1 22.9 1,234 1,330 1,455 1,630 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 39.9 39.5 907 873 1,070 1,070 : Trucks & Autos : 16.4 16.4 1,764 1,713 2,080 2,100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Economic Class Gross Sales $250,000 and Over, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 648,114 717,794 104,100 105,950 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 46.0 51.4 61,325 83,669 9,850 12,350 : Feed : 61.5 61.1 108,828 119,915 17,480 17,700 : Farm Services 5/ : 100.0 100.0 83,053 94,509 13,340 13,950 : Rent 6/ : 79.8 76.0 61,885 60,432 9,940 8,920 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 89.2 86.4 33,495 34,348 5,380 5,070 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 87.7 84.0 33,308 33,129 5,350 4,890 : Interest : 88.4 87.6 29,822 32,180 4,790 4,750 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 98.8 13,884 14,905 2,230 2,200 : Labor : 87.5 86.2 88,781 99,861 14,260 14,740 : Fuels : 98.3 98.9 15,502 17,174 2,490 2,535 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 99.5 99.3 37,729 41,869 6,060 6,180 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 75.6 74.4 18,740 22,696 3,010 3,350 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 36.5 34.4 17,464 16,192 2,805 2,390 : Other Farm Machinery : 45.8 44.3 9,214 9,485 1,480 1,400 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 85.2 81.2 25,962 27,980 4,170 4,130 : Trucks & Autos : 36.8 33.5 7,751 7,656 1,245 1,130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Economic Class Gross Sales $100,000 - $249,999, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 180,008 170,724 35,440 34,260 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 42.8 41.9 11,174 10,465 2,200 2,100 : Feed : 67.7 60.5 18,158 16,245 3,575 3,260 : Farm Services 5/ : 100.0 100.0 24,914 23,421 4,905 4,700 : Rent 6/ : 78.9 76.5 23,187 21,428 4,565 4,300 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 90.2 87.9 10,362 10,016 2,040 2,010 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 89.3 89.1 13,130 12,159 2,585 2,440 : Interest : 81.5 80.2 11,809 11,212 2,325 2,250 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 98.9 7,822 7,300 1,540 1,465 : Labor : 70.8 68.7 12,597 12,383 2,480 2,485 : Fuels : 98.8 96.4 6,425 6,428 1,265 1,290 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 98.8 98.7 12,901 12,956 2,540 2,600 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 66.0 64.0 4,871 4,983 959 1,000 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 22.9 23.1 6,349 5,531 1,250 1,110 : Other Farm Machinery : 42.8 44.5 4,134 4,036 814 810 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 89.1 86.3 8,152 8,172 1,605 1,640 : Trucks & Autos : 28.5 29.2 3,779 3,538 744 710 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Economic Class Gross Sales $40,000 - $99,999, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 75,090 75,372 17,680 17,910 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 33.8 36.2 4,714 4,166 1,110 990 : Feed : 61.7 60.0 6,604 5,618 1,555 1,335 : Farm Services 5/ : 99.3 99.6 11,382 11,784 2,680 2,800 : Rent 6/ : 63.3 65.2 7,114 6,986 1,675 1,660 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 82.0 80.9 3,822 3,724 900 885 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 87.5 87.1 5,712 5,471 1,345 1,300 : Interest : 67.5 64.7 5,882 5,639 1,385 1,340 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 98.4 4,162 4,103 980 975 : Labor : 55.9 54.1 4,332 4,882 1,020 1,160 : Fuels : 94.9 96.7 2,867 2,904 675 690 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 97.1 97.7 6,201 6,691 1,460 1,590 : Farm Improvements : & Contruction 9/ : 53.9 59.7 2,531 2,925 596 695 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 16.5 15.5 2,697 2,820 635 670 : Other Farm Machinery : 29.5 30.1 1,801 1,978 424 470 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 83.1 79.7 3,198 3,325 753 790 : Trucks & Autos : 18.4 21.1 1,924 2,188 453 520 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Economic Class Gross Sales $10,000 - $39,999, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 33,691 32,127 13,980 13,140 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 29.3 31.4 1,976 1,883 820 770 : Feed : 64.6 58.7 2,771 2,347 1,150 960 : Farm Services 5/ : 97.0 99.3 5,181 5,183 2,150 2,120 : Rent 6/ : 39.5 42.9 2,024 1,834 840 750 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 64.3 63.8 1,253 1,174 520 480 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 72.7 73.8 2,133 1,993 885 815 : Interest : 47.1 45.8 2,518 2,457 1,045 1,005 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.4 98.8 2,217 2,225 920 910 : Labor : 38.9 41.5 1,807 1,822 750 745 : Fuels : 89.9 91.5 1,299 1,345 539 550 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 92.3 94.1 2,928 2,910 1,215 1,190 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 49.9 51.1 1,935 1,895 803 775 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 14.3 13.3 1,675 1,528 695 625 : Other Farm Machinery : 25.3 22.6 998 929 414 380 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 64.6 63.2 1,169 1,088 485 445 : Trucks & Autos : 18.0 16.2 1,757 1,443 729 590 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Economic Class Gross Sales Less Than $10,000, United States, 1998-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 10,149 10,888 11,950 12,990 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 24.3 25.0 442 495 520 590 : Feed : 68.9 65.7 1,053 1,044 1,240 1,245 : Farm Services 5/ : 93.9 95.1 1,635 1,785 1,925 2,130 : Rent 6/ : 15.3 15.2 238 226 280 270 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 38.3 36.0 136 130 160 155 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 49.0 51.2 369 381 435 455 : Interest : 32.5 31.8 1,066 1,136 1,255 1,355 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 98.8 97.6 960 1,048 1,130 1,250 : Labor : 25.5 21.2 416 478 490 570 : Fuels : 78.9 76.9 366 365 431 435 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 81.5 82.0 786 872 925 1,040 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 46.1 43.4 919 1,073 1,082 1,280 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 9.3 9.6 522 507 615 605 : Other Farm Machinery : 13.5 15.2 355 369 418 440 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 33.3 31.8 159 163 187 195 : Trucks & Autos : 12.4 11.8 704 796 829 950 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Northeast Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 81,836 77,748 12,300 11,670 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 34.5 27.5 4,225 4,131 635 620 : Feed : 65.8 54.2 16,301 14,990 2,450 2,250 : Farm Services 5/ : 91.6 96.1 11,510 11,792 1,730 1,770 : Rent 6/ : 30.5 31.6 2,129 1,732 320 260 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 53.2 53.5 2,129 1,932 320 290 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 68.8 73.1 2,794 2,632 420 395 : Interest : 41.5 40.4 3,992 3,764 600 565 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 98.0 4,158 4,064 625 610 : Labor : 34.5 37.0 11,111 10,326 1,670 1,550 : Fuels : 90.4 91.0 2,242 2,232 337 335 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 90.6 94.1 6,986 6,729 1,050 1,010 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 58.2 57.3 4,657 4,464 700 670 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 14.8 15.0 2,255 2,032 339 305 : Other Farm Machinery : 29.3 28.5 2,063 2,132 310 320 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 63.3 54.0 3,360 2,898 505 435 : Trucks & Autos : 15.0 15.6 1,730 1,666 260 250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Lake States Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 90,476 86,462 19,000 18,330 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 36.1 29.6 5,190 5,094 1,090 1,080 : Feed : 58.4 56.6 11,524 10,330 2,420 2,190 : Farm Services 5/ : 94.5 96.3 11,000 11,038 2,310 2,340 : Rent 6/ : 41.9 38.4 7,214 6,368 1,515 1,350 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 63.8 62.3 4,524 4,269 950 905 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 70.5 62.5 5,095 4,481 1,070 950 : Interest : 55.7 59.4 6,143 6,274 1,290 1,330 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 100.0 97.6 4,429 4,387 930 930 : Labor : 43.4 35.1 7,976 7,264 1,675 1,540 : Fuels : 85.8 85.2 2,643 2,618 555 555 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 86.4 89.7 7,500 7,358 1,575 1,560 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 54.6 53.6 4,357 4,387 915 930 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 12.0 19.6 3,519 3,302 739 700 : Other Farm Machinery : 39.0 39.3 2,643 2,783 555 590 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 72.8 66.4 4,643 4,693 975 995 : Trucks & Autos : 22.0 16.7 1,857 1,580 390 335 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Corn Belt Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 80,509 79,884 34,780 34,350 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 26.0 32.5 4,688 5,895 2,025 2,535 : Feed : 58.0 58.9 7,986 8,605 3,450 3,700 : Farm Services 5/ : 99.1 97.8 7,685 7,860 3,320 3,380 : Rent 6/ : 45.3 41.0 14,722 13,581 6,360 5,840 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 67.0 62.2 5,417 5,209 2,340 2,240 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 72.0 68.5 6,944 6,442 3,000 2,770 : Interest : 58.4 54.3 4,919 5,093 2,125 2,190 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 100.0 99.3 3,611 3,628 1,560 1,560 : Labor : 32.8 31.4 3,484 3,372 1,505 1,450 : Fuels : 83.4 83.8 2,213 2,209 956 950 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 86.0 89.2 4,572 4,744 1,975 2,040 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 48.1 50.5 2,708 2,698 1,170 1,160 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 18.1 15.2 3,414 2,791 1,475 1,200 : Other Farm Machinery : 27.4 25.9 1,870 1,663 808 715 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 68.2 63.9 4,664 4,581 2,015 1,970 : Trucks & Autos : 16.1 15.1 1,481 1,372 640 590 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Northern Plains Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 123,161 126,995 22,600 23,240 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 38.3 38.2 18,583 25,082 3,410 4,590 : Feed : 59.6 63.6 12,316 12,077 2,260 2,210 : Farm Services 5/ : 97.4 98.1 13,951 14,481 2,560 2,650 : Rent 6/ : 58.8 59.4 17,003 15,519 3,120 2,840 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 69.4 64.6 5,886 5,738 1,080 1,050 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 71.6 65.9 7,548 7,049 1,385 1,290 : Interest : 68.1 64.6 8,338 8,197 1,530 1,500 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 97.7 5,341 5,328 980 975 : Labor : 39.4 39.9 4,986 4,727 915 865 : Fuels : 92.1 88.1 4,316 4,290 792 785 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 92.7 94.0 8,474 8,361 1,555 1,530 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 49.4 47.7 2,698 2,650 495 485 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 16.7 17.9 3,651 3,579 670 655 : Other Farm Machinery : 28.9 27.3 2,659 2,486 488 455 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 69.4 62.4 4,469 4,754 820 870 : Trucks & Autos : 28.3 25.1 2,861 2,514 525 460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Appalachian Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 45,663 45,636 14,110 14,170 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 26.8 26.5 4,337 4,992 1,340 1,550 : Feed : 77.6 69.8 10,324 9,758 3,190 3,030 : Farm Services 5/ : 97.6 98.0 5,696 5,539 1,760 1,720 : Rent 6/ : 26.8 26.2 2,605 2,576 805 800 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 50.0 56.5 1,570 1,643 485 510 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 70.7 72.8 2,638 2,512 815 780 : Interest : 35.9 31.7 2,039 2,077 630 645 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 97.8 1,149 1,143 355 355 : Labor : 43.7 39.5 3,754 3,929 1,160 1,220 : Fuels : 90.2 90.4 1,369 1,385 423 430 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 89.6 90.6 2,654 2,738 820 850 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 51.7 46.8 1,812 1,804 560 560 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 12.1 9.7 1,987 1,723 614 535 : Other Farm Machinery : 17.3 18.1 1,036 1,063 320 330 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 50.9 53.0 1,197 1,288 370 400 : Trucks & Autos : 13.9 13.7 1,424 1,353 440 420 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Average per Farm, Farms Reporting, and Total, Southeast Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 71,893 71,667 12,150 12,040 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 20.6 29.4 2,929 4,107 495 690 : Feed : 64.8 66.2 12,781 13,750 2,160 2,310 : Farm Services 5/ : 92.2 98.5 11,065 10,952 1,870 1,840 : Rent 6/ : 21.3 19.8 2,308 1,845 390 310 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 46.6 53.2 4,586 4,048 775 680 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 70.4 75.8 4,675 4,048 790 680 : Interest : 35.6 37.3 3,462 3,542 585 595 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 98.7 97.8 1,893 1,905 320 320 : Labor : 42.1 33.3 11,302 10,119 1,910 1,700 : Fuels : 81.5 89.4 2,112 2,083 357 350 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 83.4 89.6 4,467 4,315 755 725 : Farm Improvements : & construction 9/ : 44.4 48.8 2,308 3,065 390 515 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 12.5 12.2 2,154 2,113 364 355 : Other Farm Machinery : 11.1 15.1 964 952 163 160 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 34.6 42.5 3,107 2,798 525 470 : Trucks & Autos : 14.8 14.2 1,568 1,786 265 300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Delta Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 75,309 75,720 9,150 9,200 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 27.3 35.5 5,638 6,255 685 760 : Feed : 70.8 74.4 15,144 14,156 1,840 1,720 : Farm Services 5/ : 96.7 98.4 10,288 10,617 1,250 1,290 : Rent 6/ : 35.3 31.2 6,502 6,091 790 740 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 53.2 43.6 6,008 6,049 730 735 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 64.9 66.9 4,198 4,074 510 495 : Interest : 38.6 43.5 3,498 3,498 425 425 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 86.0 97.1 1,235 1,276 150 155 : Labor : 45.7 33.4 4,979 5,309 605 645 : Fuels : 87.2 88.1 2,634 2,757 320 335 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 87.8 89.9 4,774 4,979 580 605 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 50.9 54.5 1,728 2,222 210 270 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 13.2 14.3 2,905 2,469 353 300 : Other Farm Machinery : 18.3 18.4 1,366 1,152 166 140 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 49.1 45.8 2,305 2,551 280 310 : Trucks & Autos : 19.6 20.0 1,893 2,016 230 245 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Southern Plains Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 50,453 51,093 15,590 15,890 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 30.8 33.6 7,880 7,653 2,435 2,380 : Feed : 85.9 75.7 7,476 6,817 2,310 2,120 : Farm Services 5/ : 95.7 95.4 7,379 8,006 2,280 2,490 : Rent 6/ : 35.2 33.8 3,544 3,183 1,095 990 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 42.7 37.9 1,424 1,302 440 405 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 52.9 55.3 2,460 2,347 760 730 : Interest : 39.0 37.4 2,994 2,830 925 880 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 100.0 99.0 1,877 1,961 580 610 : Labor : 37.2 34.5 3,350 3,826 1,035 1,190 : Fuels : 85.4 78.2 1,922 1,913 594 595 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 93.0 81.7 2,994 3,312 925 1,030 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 51.1 48.8 1,796 2,363 555 735 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 7.8 11.7 1,405 1,463 434 455 : Other Farm Machinery : 14.4 18.7 819 900 253 280 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 38.4 35.4 1,327 1,238 410 385 : Trucks & Autos : 15.6 15.8 1,715 1,849 530 575 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Mountain Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 108,906 108,912 14,430 14,420 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 43.2 32.0 11,698 12,840 1,550 1,700 : Feed : 69.2 61.6 15,019 13,973 1,990 1,850 : Farm Services 5/ : 97.0 97.6 16,981 16,767 2,250 2,220 : Rent 6/ : 36.2 42.5 8,453 8,233 1,120 1,090 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 49.3 43.6 3,321 3,134 440 415 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 35.7 48.9 4,981 4,909 660 650 : Interest : 46.8 50.8 7,358 7,100 975 940 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 97.6 3,321 3,285 440 435 : Labor : 44.7 41.6 11,962 12,387 1,585 1,640 : Fuels : 81.2 79.2 3,525 3,550 467 470 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 81.9 86.9 7,774 7,628 1,030 1,010 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 53.6 55.9 3,245 3,965 430 525 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 16.8 13.5 3,758 3,248 498 430 : Other Farm Machinery : 16.6 19.6 1,864 1,964 247 260 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 37.1 38.8 2,642 2,908 350 385 : Trucks & Autos : 18.6 21.6 2,679 2,606 355 345 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Farms Reporting, Average per Farm, and Total, Pacific Region, 1998-99 13/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Farms : Average : Total : Reporting 11/ : per Farm 12/ : Expenditures Expenditure - Farm Share :--------------------------------------------------- : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 : 1998 : 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- Percent -- --- Dollars --- Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 172,344 182,537 29,040 30,940 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 20.4 22.3 4,955 5,280 835 895 : Feed : 52.7 42.2 17,389 18,407 2,930 3,120 : Farm Services 5/ : 95.2 95.7 33,650 35,398 5,670 6,000 : Rent 6/ : 23.3 28.6 10,593 9,912 1,785 1,680 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 70.9 56.2 8,546 8,083 1,440 1,370 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 56.3 55.1 7,062 6,844 1,190 1,160 : Interest : 53.1 43.9 10,178 9,617 1,715 1,630 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 99.9 96.5 5,104 5,015 860 850 : Labor : 55.5 56.8 41,187 46,608 6,940 7,900 : Fuels : 87.5 80.3 3,555 4,100 599 695 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 92.5 84.0 11,484 13,215 1,935 2,240 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 62.3 49.2 6,083 7,375 1,025 1,250 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 21.9 10.6 3,050 2,743 514 465 : Other Farm Machinery : 22.0 14.6 1,424 1,475 240 250 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 40.5 33.2 5,638 5,782 950 980 : Trucks & Autos : 18.3 16.3 2,166 2,242 365 380 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Total, United States, 1994-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : Expenditure - Farm Share : 1994 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1999 : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Million Dollars : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ :160,670 167,800 174,950 183,180 183,150 184,250 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 15,200 15,000 12,800 14,200 14,500 16,800 : Feed : 22,600 23,800 25,200 26,300 25,000 24,500 : Farm Services 5/ : 23,000 23,800 23,500 24,700 25,000 25,700 : Rent 6/ : 15,400 16,000 18,300 18,470 17,300 15,900 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 7,200 7,700 8,500 9,000 9,000 8,600 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 9,150 10,000 10,900 10,900 10,600 9,900 : Interest : 9,450 10,300 10,400 10,500 10,800 10,700 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 6,200 6,400 6,500 6,650 6,800 6,800 : Labor : 15,000 16,000 17,100 18,300 19,000 19,700 : Fuels : 5,100 5,500 5,800 6,000 5,400 5,500 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 10,800 11,500 11,800 12,300 12,200 12,600 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 5,400 5,200 5,900 6,100 6,450 7,100 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 4,610 4,750 5,000 5,400 6,000 5,400 : Other Farm Machinery : 3,360 3,100 3,350 3,410 3,550 3,500 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 5,360 5,450 6,200 6,700 7,200 7,200 : Trucks & Autos : 2,560 2,800 3,300 3,800 4,000 3,900 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Farm Production Expenditures: Major Input Items, Percent of Total, United States, 1994-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : Expenditure - Farm Share : 1994 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1999 : : : : : : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : Total Farm Production : Expenditures 2/ 3/ : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 : Livestock, Poultry & : Related Expenses 4/ : 9.5 8.9 7.3 7.8 7.9 9.1 : Feed : 14.1 14.2 14.4 14.4 13.7 13.3 : Farm Services 5/ : 14.3 14.2 13.4 13.5 13.7 13.9 : Rent 6/ : 9.6 9.5 10.5 10.1 9.4 8.6 : Agricultural Chemicals 7/ : 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 : Fertilizer, Lime & Soil : Conditioners 7/ : 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.4 : Interest : 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.8 : Taxes (Real Estate & : Property) : 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 : Labor : 9.3 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.4 10.7 : Fuels : 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 : Farm Supplies & Repairs 8/ : 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 : Farm Improvements : & Construction 9/ : 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.9 : Tractors and Self-Propelled : Farm Machinery : 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.9 : Other Farm Machinery : 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 : Seeds & Plants 10/ : 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 : Trucks & Autos : 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes on page 23. Footnotes 1/ Excludes AK and HI. 2/ Total includes production costs not allocated to any of the 16 expense categories published. 3/ Includes landlord and contractor share of farm production expenses. 4/ Includes purchases and leasing of livestock and poultry. 5/ Includes all crop custom work, veterinary services, custom feeding, transportation costs, marketing charges, insurance, leasing of machinery and equipment, miscellaneous business expenses, and utilities. 6/ Includes public and private grazing fees. 7/ Includes material and application costs. 8/ Includes bedding and litter, marketing containers, power farm shop equipment, miscellaneous non-capital equipment and supplies, repairs and maintenance of livestock and poultry equipment, and capital equipment for livestock and poultry. 9/ Includes all expenditures related to new construction or repairs of buildings and fences, and any improvements to physical structures of land. 10/ Excludes bedding plants, nursery stock, and seed purchased for resale. Includes seed treatment. 11/ Number of farms reporting item divided by total number of farms. 12/ Total expenditures divided by total number of farms. 13/ Regions consist of the following States: Northeast: CT, DE, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT; Lake States: MI, MN, WI; Corn Belt: IL, IN, IA, MO, OH; Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD; Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV; Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC; Delta: AR, LA, MS; Southern Plains: OK, TX; Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY; Pacific: CA, OR, WA. See next page for regional map. Farm Production Expenditure Regions Northeast CT, DE, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT. Lake States MI, MN, WI. Corn Belt IL, IN, IA, MO, OH. Northern Plains KS, NE, ND, SD. Appalachian KY, NC, TN, VA, WV. Southeast AL, FL, GA, SC. Delta States AR, LA, MS. Southern Plains OK, TX. Mountain AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY. Pacific CA, OR, WA. Estimating Procedures and Reliability Program Changes: The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) initiated an estimation program in calendar year 1993 for farm production expenditures. Prior year's Farm Production Expenditure publications included only survey indications for expenditures at the U.S. level and other geographic, size, and type of farm levels. Estimates are currently published based on survey indications and other check data for major groupings of farm production expenses for the U.S., 10 Farm Production Regions, 5 U.S. Economic Sales Classes, and U.S. Crop and Livestock Farms. Previous year's data are subject to revision as additional indications and check data are available. In 1996, the Agricultural Resource Management Study (ARMS) was developed from a combining of the previous Farm Costs and Returns Survey (FCRS) and the Cropping Practice Survey (CPS). The initiative to combine these surveys came from a growing interest in tying the resources used in agricultural production and the farm financial information to the relationships between various production practices and farm financial conditions; and the need to improve the efficiency of data collection by combining identical information collected in both the CPS and the FCRS into one survey. Because of the variety of issues needing to be addressed with ARMS, it was designed with a flexible structure that allowed different questionnaire versions to focus more specifically on topics of interest. The ARMS was conducted in three phases. Survey phases one and two screened for farms with specific commodities of interest and collected agricultural production, resource use, and cost of production information. The third phase of the survey collected farm production expenditure data similar to the previous FCRS. One of the primary uses of farm production expenditure data is for weighting in the construction of prices paid indexes. In early 1995, NASS completed a revision of the indexes which included changes in the structure of components estimated and subsequently, the relative weights used in the construction of the indexes. Changes were made in an effort to simplify updating of component items and also to establish more appropriate weights for the series. In a combined effort to facilitate this process, changes were made in component items estimated in this publication. The changes made include: grazing fees were moved from the Farm Services category to Rent; oils and lubricants were moved from Fuels to Farm Supplies and Repairs; repairs and maintenance expenditures were moved from Other Farm Machinery to Farm Supplies and Repairs; and the category Building and Fencing along with Farm and Land Improvements were combined into one category called Farm Improvements and Construction. Estimates for these levels were revised back to 1990 at the U.S. level to provide a more useful series for data users. Survey Procedures: The farm production expenditure data contained in this publication are the result of a sample survey of nearly 17,250 farms and ranches contacted in February through April 2000 in all States except Alaska and Hawaii. The Agricultural Resource Management Study covers the population of farms in the 48 contiguous States defined as "all establishments which sold or would normally have sold at least $1,000 of agricultural products during the previous year". These establishments are not only traditional agricultural operations such as grain farms and dairy operations, but also specialty farms such as orchards, nurseries, and those producing fish in captivity. The Agricultural Resource Management Study is a multiple frame survey which utilizes a list frame and a complementary area frame. The list frame typically represents the larger, more specialized operations contributing the greater portion of the data expansions. The area frame provides coverage for the smaller operations that are not available for sampling from the list. Since all of the operators on the list frame are also part of the area frame, rigorous procedures are followed to be certain that an operation is only included in the data expansions once. These multiple frame expansions are unbiased and provide more precise expansions than could be obtained by using the area frame alone. Special training occurs prior to the Agricultural Resource Management Study period to insure consistent and proper execution of survey procedures in farm determination, data collection, and editing of detailed expense and income data. Field and office staff edit data using hand and machine edit procedures. Questionnaires are reviewed for consistency, data relationships, and completeness. Past analysis has shown approximately half of the edits simply correct for data misplacement errors. In cases where respondents are unable or unwilling to report data for any item on the questionnaire, the field enumerators or survey statisticians can impute a value. For income, related debt/asset data, and a few expense items statisticians are allowed to enter a (-1) to indicate a missing value and an algorithm within the edit will compute and input the missing value based on similar size and type of operations. The computer generated imputation has not been implemented for all expenditure data because NASS analysis has shown that there are significantly fewer missing data cells on expenses than on income. Missing values for expense items, where no data are reported, are edited to a positive value based on other reported values from similar operations by the survey statistician. Data Comparability: This publication includes estimates for 1998 and 1999 farm production expenditures for the U.S., 10 Farm Production Expenditure Regions, 5 Economic Sales Classes, and Crop and Livestock Farms. Total expenditures and expenses for major input items at the U.S. level are provided back through 1994 to provide data users a comparable data series. Some of the expenditure estimates published in this report will differ from production expense estimates published in the Economic Research Service's "Farm Business Economics Report". The Economic Research Service (ERS), the agency responsible for estimates of farm income, treats agriculture as a sector in the U.S. economy while the National Agricultural Statistics Service is interested in annual production expenditures as a cash outlay to farming operations. In most cases, items that would be considered cash farm operating expenditures are estimated the same by both agencies (NASS and ERS) with the estimates established during a joint national board. This would include production inputs such as feed, seed, fertilizer, chemicals, and labor. There is a major difference in accounting between NASS and ERS for reporting capital expenditures. NASS considers capital expenditures such as purchases of vehicles and construction of buildings as a cash outlay for the farming operation while ERS recognizes the contribution of the expenditure as a depreciable asset to the farm sector. NASS interest expense includes the reported farm share of the household and excludes landlord interest expenditures. ERS excludes the nonfarm share of interest expense but includes landlord interest expense. An additional difference in methodology exists for livestock & poultry expenditures. ERS does not include farm to farm sales of livestock as this would not be a cost to the sector account -- only an expense to the farm making the purchase and income to the farm making the sale. Data Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both types affect the "precision" of the estimates. Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19 out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102 which is the survey estimate plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is called the relative sampling error. For 1999 total expenditures, the relative sampling errors were as follows for the different domains estimated: at the U.S. level 2.5 percent; from 3.4 to 10.1 percent at the Regional level; from 2.8 to 4.3 at the U.S. Economic Sales Class level; 3.2 for Crop Farms; 3.9 for Livestock Farms. For 1998 total expenditures, the relative sampling errors were as follows for the different domains estimated: at the U.S. level 2.0 percent; from 3.4 to 8.7 percent at the Regional level. The relative sampling errors for major expense items at the U.S. level typically range from 3.3 to 10.5 percent. Data from sample surveys are also influenced by non-sampling errors which are not always measurable or known. Non-sampling errors may be introduced by enumerators, respondents, questionnaire design, or field and office procedures. Efforts are made to minimize these errors and maintain survey accuracy through proper training of all individuals involved with the survey, detailed review and verification of data, and analysis of data for comparability and consistency. Index Page Expenditures by Economic Class of Farm, 1998-99 Gross Value of Sales, $250,000 and Over. . . . . . . . . 6 Gross Value of Sales, $100,000 - $249,999 . . . . . . . 7 Gross Value of Sales, $40,000 - $99,999 . . . . . . . . 8 Gross Value of Sales, $10,000 - $39,999 . . . . . . . . 9 Gross Value of Sales, Less Than $10,000 . . . . . . . . 10 Expenditures by Farm Production Region, 1998-99 Northeast: CT, DE, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT . 11 Lake States: MI, MN, WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Corn Belt: IL, IN, IA, MO, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Northern Plains: KS, NE, ND, SD . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Appalachian: KY, NC, TN, VA, WV . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Southeast: AL, FL, GA, SC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Delta: AR, LA, MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Southern Plains: OK, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Mountain: AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, WY . . . . . . . . 19 Pacific: CA, OR, WA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Expenditures by Type of Farm, 1998 - 1999 Crop Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Livestock Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Farm Production Expenditures Region Map . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Major Farm Production Expenditures, U.S., 1998 and 1999 . . . 2-3 Major Farm Production Expenditures, U.S., 1994 - 1999 . . . . 21 Major Farm Production Expenditures as a Percent of Total, U.S., 1994 - 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Reliability and Estimating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-27 Released July 20, 2000, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Farm Production Expenditures 1999 Summary" call Steven R. Stockdale at 202-690-3229, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. The next "Farm Production Expenditures 2000 Summary" report will be released at 0: a.m. ET on July 20, 2001. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). 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Document 0411 is a list of available reports. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada) Other areas, please call 703-834-0125 FAX: 703-834-0110 (Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSISTANCE For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov.