Mt An 4 (12-98) Hogs and Pigs National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released December 29, 1998, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Hogs and Pigs" call Greg Matli at 202-720-3106, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. U.S. Hog Inventory Up 2 Percent U.S. inventory of all hogs and pigs on December 1, 1998, was 62.2 million head. This was 2 percent above December 1997, but 2 percent below September 1, 1998. Breeding inventory, at 6.67 million head, was down 4 percent from December 1, 1997 and down 3 percent from September 1, 1998. Market hog inventory, at 55.5 million head, was 2 percent above last year, but 2 percent below last quarter. The September-November 1998 U.S. pig crop, at 25.9 million head, was 2 percent more than 1997 and 11 percent more than 1996. Sows farrowing during this period totaled 2.99 million head, 2 percent above last year. The sows farrowed during this quarter represented 43 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs per litter fell to an average of 8.65 pigs saved per litter for the September-November period, compared to 8.67 pigs last year. Pigs saved per litter by size of operation ranged from 7.20 for operations with 1-99 hogs to 8.90 for operations with more than 5,000 hogs and pigs. U.S. hog producers intend to have 2.89 million sows farrow during the December 1998-February 1999 quarter, 1 percent below the actual farrowings during the same period in 1998 but 8 percent above 1997. Intended farrowings for March-May 1999, at 2.88 million sows, are 7 percent below the same period last year and 1 percent below 1997. The number of hog operations with hogs totaled 114,380 during 1998, down 6 percent from last year and 20 percent below 1996. Places with 2,000 or more hogs on hand accounted for 6 percent of the operations and 64 percent of the inventory. This is the third time operations with inventories over 2,000 head have controlled over 50 percent of the total inventory. The number of operations with over 5,000 head of inventory, at 1,915 accounted for 42 percent of the total inventory. The total number of hogs under contract, owned by these over 5,000 head operations, but raised by contractees, accounted for 23 percent of the total U.S. hog inventory. Revisions All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 1998 through September 1998 were reviewed using final pig crop, official slaughter, import, and export data in U.S. level balance sheets. Based on the findings of this review, small adjustments of less than 1 percent were made to the inventory level for March 1, June 1, and September 1. Adjustments of less than one half percent were made to pig crops for December-February and March-May, however, the June-August pig crop was revised 1.4 percent. This report was approved on December 29, 1998. Acting Secretary of Agriculture Catherine E. Wotecki Agricultural Statistics Board Chairperson Rich Allen Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter, United States, 1996-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : :1998 as % of Item : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 :------------- : : : : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----------- 1,000 Head ----------- Percent : March 1 Inventory : All Hogs and Pigs : 55,741 55,049 60,163 108 109 Kept for Breeding : 6,701 6,637 6,942 104 105 Market : 49,040 48,412 53,220 109 110 : Market Hogs and Pigs : by Weight Groups : Under 60 Pounds : 18,534 18,490 20,192 109 109 60-119 Pounds : 11,732 11,627 12,791 109 110 120-179 Pounds : 10,021 9,858 10,774 108 109 180 Pounds and Over : 8,754 8,437 9,464 108 112 : June 1 Inventory : All Hogs and Pigs : 56,038 57,366 62,213 111 108 Kept for Breeding : 6,682 6,789 6,958 104 102 Market : 49,356 50,577 55,254 112 109 : Market Hogs and Pigs : by Weight Groups : Under 60 Pounds : 19,645 19,988 21,482 109 107 60-119 Pounds : 12,196 12,574 13,711 112 109 120-179 Pounds : 9,757 10,002 11,084 114 111 180 Pounds and Over : 7,759 8,013 8,978 116 112 : September 1 Inventory : All Hogs and Pigs : 56,961 60,456 63,488 111 105 Kept for Breeding : 6,577 6,858 6,875 105 100 Market : 50,384 53,598 56,612 112 106 : Market Hogs and Pigs : by Weight Groups : Under 60 Pounds : 18,782 20,662 21,189 113 103 60-119 Pounds : 12,498 13,388 14,032 112 105 120-179 Pounds : 10,418 10,673 11,555 111 108 180 Pounds and Over : 8,687 8,875 9,837 113 111 : December 1 Inventory : All Hogs and Pigs : 56,124 61,158 62,156 111 102 Kept for Breeding : 6,578 6,957 6,672 101 96 Market : 49,546 54,200 55,483 112 102 : Market Hogs and Pigs : by Weight Groups : Under 60 Pounds : 18,503 20,237 20,000 108 99 60-119 Pounds : 12,193 13,319 13,641 112 102 120-179 Pounds : 10,209 11,188 11,640 114 104 180 Pounds and Over : 8,641 9,457 10,203 118 108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter, United States, 1996-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : 1998 as % of :1999 as Item : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1999 :---------------:Percent : : : : : 1996 : 1997 :of 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------ 1,000 Head ------------ ----- Percent ---- : Sows Farrowing : Dec-Feb 2/ 3/ : 2,735 2,684 2,929 2,893 107 109 99 Mar-May 3/ : 2,930 2,911 3,086 2,884 105 106 93 Dec-May 2/ 3/ : 5,665 5,595 6,014 5,776 106 107 96 : Jun-Aug : 2,718 2,946 3,054 112 104 Sep-Nov : 2,731 2,939 2,990 109 102 Jun-Nov : 5,449 5,884 6,044 111 103 : Pig Crop : Dec-Feb 2/ : 23,054 23,164 25,480 111 110 Mar-May : 24,833 25,229 26,989 109 107 Dec-May 2/ : 47,888 48,394 52,469 110 108 : Jun-Aug : 23,244 25,696 26,634 115 104 Sep-Nov : 23,327 25,494 25,878 111 102 Jun-Nov : 46,571 51,190 52,511 113 103 : : ------------- Number ------------- ----- Percent ---- Pigs per Litter : Dec-Feb 2/ : 8.43 8.63 8.70 103 101 Mar-May : 8.48 8.67 8.75 103 101 Dec-May 2/ : 8.45 8.65 8.72 103 101 : Jun-Aug : 8.55 8.72 8.72 102 100 Sep-Nov : 8.54 8.67 8.65 101 100 Jun-Nov : 8.55 8.70 8.69 102 101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ December preceding year. 3/ Intentions for 1999. Pigs per Litter: By Size of Operation, United States, 1997-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Pigs per Litter on Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------- Pig Crop : 1-99 : 100-499 : 500-999 :1,000-1,999:2,000-4,999: 5,000+ : Head : Head : Head : Head : Head : Head -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : 1997 : Dec-Feb 1/ : 7.00 7.60 7.90 8.20 8.40 8.70 Mar-May : 7.60 7.90 8.20 8.40 8.60 9.00 Jun-Aug : 7.50 7.90 8.20 8.50 8.70 9.00 Sep-Nov : 7.40 8.10 8.40 8.60 8.80 9.00 : 1998 : Dec-Feb 1/ : 7.10 7.90 8.30 8.50 8.80 8.90 Mar-May : 7.40 8.10 8.40 8.50 8.80 9.00 Jun-Aug : 7.30 8.10 8.40 8.60 8.80 8.90 Sep-Nov : 7.20 8.00 8.20 8.50 8.70 8.90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ December preceding year. Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory by State and United States, December 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1998 : : 1998 : : 1998 State : :---------------: :---------------: :--------------- : 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent : AL : 20 15 75 170 175 103 190 190 100 AK : 0.5 0.4 80 1.6 1.7 106 2.1 2.1 100 AZ : 15 17 113 130 98 75 145 115 79 AR : 110 110 100 750 640 85 860 750 87 CA : 27 27 100 183 183 100 210 210 100 CO : 160 180 113 630 690 110 790 870 110 CT : 0.9 1.1 122 3.6 3.9 108 4.5 5.0 111 DE : 4 5 125 26 26 100 30 31 103 FL : 10 10 100 45 45 100 55 55 100 GA : 70 60 86 450 370 82 520 430 83 HI : 5 5 100 24 24 100 29 29 100 ID : 4 4 100 26 23 89 30 27 90 IL : 550 530 96 4,150 4,320 104 4,700 4,850 103 IN : 460 450 98 3,490 3,600 103 3,950 4,050 103 IA : 1,360 1,260 93 13,240 14,040 106 14,600 15,300 105 KS : 200 170 85 1,330 1,420 107 1,530 1,590 104 KY : 70 65 93 500 455 91 570 520 91 LA : 5 5 100 27 25 93 32 30 94 ME : 1.2 1.3 108 4.8 4.7 98 6.0 6.0 100 MD : 11 7 64 74 58 78 85 65 77 MA : 2.5 3.0 120 16.0 16.5 103 18.5 19.5 105 MI : 130 120 92 900 1,000 111 1,030 1,120 109 MN : 650 620 95 5,050 5,080 101 5,700 5,700 100 MS : 28 30 107 192 245 128 220 275 125 MO : 440 400 91 3,110 2,900 93 3,550 3,300 93 MT : 20 19 95 160 171 107 180 190 106 NE : 440 420 96 3,060 2,980 97 3,500 3,400 97 NV : 1.0 1.0 100 6.5 6.5 100 7.5 7.5 100 NH : 0.8 0.6 75 3.6 3.4 94 4.4 4.0 91 NJ : 3.0 2.0 67 20.0 22.0 110 23.0 24.0 104 NM : 1.2 1.3 108 4.8 4.7 98 6.0 6.0 100 NY : 11 8 73 68 52 77 79 60 76 NC : 1,000 1,000 100 8,600 8,700 101 9,600 9,700 101 ND : 24 30 125 176 175 99 200 205 103 OH : 210 200 95 1,490 1,500 101 1,700 1,700 100 OK : 240 280 117 1,410 1,640 116 1,650 1,920 116 OR : 5 5 100 30 25 83 35 30 86 PA : 120 120 100 980 980 100 1,100 1,100 100 RI : 0.6 0.7 117 2.2 2.3 105 2.8 3.0 107 SC : 35 30 86 270 240 89 305 270 89 SD : 160 130 81 1,240 1,270 102 1,400 1,400 100 TN : 45 40 89 295 260 88 340 300 88 TX : 75 80 107 505 560 111 580 640 110 UT : 55 60 109 240 320 133 295 380 129 VT : 0.6 0.8 133 2.3 2.7 117 2.9 3.5 121 VA : 43 35 81 357 355 99 400 390 98 WA : 6 5 83 33 32 97 39 37 95 WV : 3.0 3.0 100 13.0 13.0 100 16.0 16.0 100 WI : 105 85 81 635 605 95 740 690 93 WY : 19 20 105 76 120 158 95 140 147 : US : 6,957 6,672 96 54,200 55,483 102 61,158 62,156 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group, State, and United States, December 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 60-119 : 120-179 : 180 Lbs. : 60 Lbs. : Lbs. : Lbs. : and Over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AL : 60 72 40 38 40 35 30 30 AK : 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 AZ : 42 42 33 21 28 17 27 18 AR : 295 200 165 165 155 150 135 125 CA : 60 70 45 50 45 40 33 23 CO : 300 335 115 120 105 120 110 115 CT : 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 DE : 10 6 6 6 5 5 5 9 FL : 24 20 8 12 9 10 4 3 GA : 165 145 130 100 100 75 55 50 HI : 11 10 6 7 5 4 2 3 ID : 10 8 7 6 5 5 4 4 IL : 1,580 1,550 980 1,050 840 920 750 800 IN : 1,230 1,370 880 840 760 780 620 610 IA : 4,370 4,280 3,650 3,710 2,780 3,180 2,440 2,870 KS : 580 535 260 290 260 280 230 315 KY : 200 185 120 110 105 90 75 70 LA : 11 10 6 7 5 5 5 3 ME : 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.8 MD : 33 14 17 11 13 12 11 21 MA : 3.0 4.0 2.0 4.5 10.0 4.0 1.0 4.0 MI : 320 340 200 270 205 180 175 210 MN : 1,990 2,020 1,270 1,270 990 960 800 830 MS : 53 74 48 61 46 56 45 54 MO : 1,360 1,130 650 770 610 570 490 430 MT : 58 68 43 43 33 33 26 27 NE : 1,180 1,160 800 780 640 600 440 440 NV : 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.4 NH : 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 NJ : 5.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 8.0 NM : 1.9 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.7 2.4 NY : 30 18 15 14 13 10 10 10 NC : 3,350 3,400 2,000 2,000 1,840 1,850 1,410 1,450 ND : 69 59 35 52 37 37 35 27 OH : 650 590 340 370 320 330 180 210 OK : 480 590 260 320 200 265 470 465 OR : 12 8 8 7 6 6 4 4 PA : 360 340 260 255 210 210 150 175 RI : 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 SC : 90 70 70 65 60 55 50 50 SD : 450 405 330 320 260 280 200 265 TN : 115 120 75 55 60 40 45 45 TX : 150 210 120 120 115 115 120 115 UT : 102 130 42 60 38 60 58 70 VT : 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.7 VA : 134 116 85 85 73 78 65 76 WA : 10 11 11 9 7 6 5 6 WV : 5.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 WI : 240 215 155 130 125 130 115 130 WY : 29 50 19 23 15 24 13 23 : US : 20,237 20,000 13,319 13,641 11,188 11,640 9,457 10,203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory by State and United States, March 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1998 : : 1998 : : 1998 State : :---------------: :---------------: :--------------- : 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 110 110 100 750 700 93 860 810 94 GA : 70 70 100 520 420 81 590 490 83 IL : 550 550 100 3,850 4,150 108 4,400 4,700 107 IN : 440 470 107 3,060 3,580 117 3,500 4,050 116 IA : 1,200 1,300 108 10,700 12,800 120 11,900 14,100 118 KS : 185 195 105 1,225 1,305 107 1,410 1,500 106 KY : 75 70 93 495 490 99 570 560 98 MI : 130 130 100 820 870 106 950 1,000 105 MN : 600 630 105 4,400 5,070 115 5,000 5,700 114 MO : 450 440 98 2,800 2,960 106 3,250 3,400 105 NE : 440 430 98 3,010 3,020 100 3,450 3,450 100 NC : 1,000 1,050 105 8,500 8,450 99 9,500 9,500 100 OH : 200 210 105 1,200 1,440 120 1,400 1,650 118 OK : 180 260 144 1,190 1,510 127 1,370 1,770 129 PA : 120 120 100 900 980 109 1,020 1,100 108 SD : 160 150 94 970 1,100 113 1,130 1,250 111 WI : 135 105 78 615 625 102 750 730 97 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 592 652 110 3,407 3,750 110 3,999 4,403 110 : US : 6,637 6,942 105 48,412 53,220 110 55,049 60,163 109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group, State, and United States, March 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 60-119 : 120-179 : 180 Lbs. : 60 Lbs. : Lbs. : Lbs. : and Over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AR : 260 220 175 175 170 155 145 150 GA : 180 170 130 105 110 85 100 60 IL : 1,430 1,510 900 980 840 930 680 730 IN : 1,140 1,370 770 900 620 700 530 610 IA : 3,720 4,200 2,790 3,400 2,240 2,750 1,950 2,450 KS : 515 540 245 250 220 235 245 280 KY : 190 200 120 115 105 100 80 75 MI : 270 290 205 220 190 195 155 165 MN : 1,690 1,960 1,080 1,240 910 1,020 720 850 MO : 1,270 1,370 620 640 540 540 370 410 NE : 1,220 1,220 760 750 570 570 460 480 NC : 3,400 3,350 1,970 1,930 1,680 1,670 1,450 1,500 OH : 540 640 250 310 280 300 130 190 OK : 410 610 200 260 190 210 390 430 PA : 350 355 225 260 185 220 140 145 SD : 375 390 240 280 200 240 155 190 WI : 240 250 145 145 115 120 115 110 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 1,290 1,547 802 831 693 734 622 639 : US : 18,490 20,192 11,627 12,791 9,858 10,774 8,437 9,464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory by State and United States, June 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1998 : : 1998 : : 1998 State : :---------------: :---------------: :--------------- : 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 115 110 96 775 680 88 890 790 89 GA : 75 70 93 515 430 83 590 500 85 IL : 550 580 105 3,900 4,420 113 4,450 5,000 112 IN : 440 470 107 3,110 3,730 120 3,550 4,200 118 IA : 1,270 1,300 102 11,230 13,500 120 12,500 14,800 118 KS : 195 190 97 1,285 1,280 100 1,480 1,470 99 KY : 70 65 93 500 455 91 570 520 91 MI : 130 130 100 890 1,000 112 1,020 1,130 111 MN : 620 640 103 4,780 5,260 110 5,400 5,900 109 MO : 455 410 90 3,045 2,890 95 3,500 3,300 94 NE : 445 430 97 3,155 3,020 96 3,600 3,450 96 NC : 1,000 1,050 105 8,700 8,750 101 9,700 9,800 101 OH : 200 220 110 1,300 1,480 114 1,500 1,700 113 OK : 210 260 124 1,290 1,610 125 1,500 1,870 125 PA : 115 120 104 905 980 108 1,020 1,100 108 SD : 165 140 85 1,005 1,210 120 1,170 1,350 115 WI : 130 100 77 640 620 97 770 720 94 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 604 673 112 3,552 3,939 111 4,156 4,613 111 : US : 6,789 6,958 102 50,577 55,254 109 57,366 62,213 108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group, State, and United States, June 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 60-119 : 120-179 : 180 Lbs. : 60 Lbs. : Lbs. : Lbs. : and Over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AR : 240 250 180 165 205 145 150 120 GA : 200 165 130 120 110 90 75 55 IL : 1,570 1,750 970 1,080 780 900 580 690 IN : 1,140 1,380 770 980 640 780 560 590 IA : 4,290 4,630 3,100 3,710 2,170 2,860 1,670 2,300 KS : 545 525 285 285 230 240 225 230 KY : 195 185 120 110 105 90 80 70 MI : 400 450 185 220 180 190 125 140 MN : 1,850 2,050 1,210 1,330 990 1,050 730 830 MO : 1,430 1,450 665 590 550 510 400 340 NE : 1,320 1,240 800 790 570 560 465 430 NC : 3,350 3,450 2,170 2,130 1,830 1,770 1,350 1,400 OH : 600 660 320 350 240 290 140 180 OK : 470 610 210 300 200 220 410 480 PA : 330 355 230 260 195 215 150 150 SD : 420 455 250 295 180 255 155 205 WI : 280 245 135 160 115 120 110 95 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 1,358 1,632 844 836 712 799 638 673 : US : 19,988 21,482 12,574 13,711 10,002 11,084 8,013 8,978 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Hogs and Pigs: Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory by State and United States, September 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Breeding : Market : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 1998 : : 1998 : : 1998 State : :---------------: :---------------: :--------------- : 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of: 1997 : :as % of : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 115 110 96 795 690 87 910 800 88 GA : 65 65 100 505 415 82 570 480 84 IL : 530 540 102 4,070 4,310 106 4,600 4,850 105 IN : 450 450 100 3,400 3,650 107 3,850 4,100 106 IA : 1,350 1,290 96 12,750 14,210 111 14,100 15,500 110 KS : 205 180 88 1,345 1,370 102 1,550 1,550 100 KY : 70 65 93 500 455 91 570 520 91 MI : 130 120 92 970 950 98 1,100 1,070 97 MN : 630 650 103 4,970 5,350 108 5,600 6,000 107 MO : 435 420 97 3,115 2,930 94 3,550 3,350 94 NE : 435 420 97 3,115 2,980 96 3,550 3,400 96 NC : 1,000 1,050 105 8,900 9,250 104 9,900 10,300 104 OH : 200 210 105 1,350 1,540 114 1,550 1,750 113 OK : 215 290 135 1,385 1,690 122 1,600 1,980 124 PA : 120 115 96 980 985 101 1,100 1,100 100 SD : 160 130 81 1,060 1,170 110 1,220 1,300 107 WI : 135 95 70 665 605 91 800 700 88 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 613 675 110 3,723 4,062 109 4,336 4,738 109 : US : 6,858 6,875 100 53,598 56,612 106 60,456 63,488 105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Market Hogs and Pigs: Inventory Number by Weight Group, State, and United States, September 1, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Under : 60-119 : 120-179 : 180 Lbs. : 60 Lbs. : Lbs. : Lbs. : and Over State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head : AR : 265 230 190 180 195 150 145 130 GA : 195 165 130 105 110 85 70 60 IL : 1,540 1,540 970 1,050 820 930 740 790 IN : 1,250 1,330 860 880 680 790 610 650 IA : 4,300 4,560 3,650 4,050 2,650 3,000 2,150 2,600 KS : 590 575 265 290 255 235 235 270 KY : 195 185 120 110 105 90 80 70 MI : 340 300 260 250 200 195 170 205 MN : 2,020 2,110 1,250 1,380 940 1,060 760 800 MO : 1,440 1,300 670 680 520 550 485 400 NE : 1,350 1,300 760 720 580 540 425 420 NC : 3,500 3,620 2,160 2,120 1,850 1,920 1,390 1,590 OH : 610 680 330 360 250 310 160 190 OK : 490 650 250 300 230 270 415 470 PA : 370 350 260 255 205 215 145 165 SD : 430 380 260 280 200 290 170 220 WI : 280 240 150 140 125 120 110 105 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 1,497 1,674 853 882 758 805 615 702 : US : 20,662 21,189 13,388 14,032 10,673 11,555 8,875 9,837 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Weight groups may not add to Market due to rounding. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Annual Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop by State and United States, December-November 1997-98 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : : Pig Crop :--------------------------: Pigs :-------------------------- : : 1998 : Per Litter : : 1998 State : :-----------------------------------: :----------------- : 1997 : :as % of : : : 1997 : :as % of : : Number : 1997 : 1997 : 1998 : : Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent --- Number -- 1,000 Head Percent : AL : 37 36 97 7.76 8.06 287 290 101 AK : 0.50 0.50 100 7.76 7.42 3.88 3.71 96 AZ : 36 30 83 8.53 8.50 307 255 83 AR : 225 225 100 8.45 8.48 1,901 1,907 100 CA : 45 44 98 9.24 9.18 416 404 97 CO : 200 286 143 8.50 8.57 1,700 2,452 144 CT : 1.10 1.20 109 7.20 8.20 7.9 9.8 124 DE : 6.1 7.6 125 8.85 8.82 54 67.0 124 FL : 17.5 16.0 91 7.49 7.25 131 116 89 GA : 114 101 89 8.30 8.38 946 846 89 HI : 5.6 5.3 95 6.96 7.36 39 39.0 100 ID : 6.9 5.0 72 7.97 7.60 55 38 69 IL : 900 945 105 8.42 8.60 7,580 8,127 107 IN : 740 775 105 8.45 8.65 6,253 6,705 107 IA : 2,020 2,110 104 8.63 8.71 17,435 18,384 105 KS : 360 362 101 9.18 8.82 3,304 3,194 97 KY : 124 120 97 8.38 8.43 1,039 1,011 97 LA : 8.8 9.4 107 7.05 7.45 62 70 113 ME : 1.60 1.80 113 7.50 8.00 12.0 14.4 120 MD : 19 12 63 8.63 7.42 164 89 54 MA : 2.80 3.30 118 7.14 7.58 20.0 25.0 125 MI : 197 197 100 8.56 8.78 1,686 1,729 103 MN : 1,005 1,080 107 8.83 8.90 8,873 9,612 108 MS : 47.5 59.0 124 8.51 8.86 404 523 129 MO : 780 775 99 8.88 8.75 6,924 6,783 98 MT : 36 39 107 8.89 8.94 320 344 108 NE : 670 680 101 8.50 8.50 5,696 5,781 101 NV : 2.4 1.2 50 8.33 8.37 20.0 10.0 50 NH : 0.9 0.6 67 8.20 8.20 7.4 4.9 67 NJ : 3.2 2.6 80 6.88 8.16 22.0 20.8 95 NM : 1.2 1.2 100 7.50 7.58 9.0 9.1 101 NY : 16 12 75 8.50 8.25 136 99 73 NC : 2,040 2,125 104 8.89 8.81 18,132 18,728 103 ND : 37 52 141 8.49 8.56 314 445 142 OH : 340 359 106 8.41 8.64 2,858 3,102 109 OK : 362 515 142 9.42 9.05 3,410 4,663 137 OR : 8.0 7.0 88 8.00 9.00 64 63 98 PA : 195 189 97 8.63 8.72 1,682 1,649 98 RI : 0.80 0.85 113 7.00 6.69 5.3 5.7 108 SC : 73 68 93 8.32 8.21 607 558 92 SD : 268 240 90 8.50 8.65 2,278 2,077 91 TN : 73 80 110 8.16 8.18 596 654 110 TX : 104 116 112 8.26 8.46 859 981 114 UT : 50.5 75.5 150 8.63 8.70 436 657 151 VT : 0.70 0.90 129 8.80 8.20 6.2 7.4 120 VA : 73 73 100 8.60 8.78 628 641 102 WA : 8.0 8.0 100 8.63 8.25 69 66 96 WV : 4.0 4.0 100 7.75 8.00 31.0 32.0 103 WI : 184 166 90 8.43 8.33 1,551 1,383 89 WY : 28.0 35.5 127 8.68 8.62 243 306 126 : US : 11,479 12,058 105 8.68 8.71 99,584 104,981 105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ December preceding year. 2/ May not add due to rounding. Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop by State and United States, December-February 1997-99 1/ 2/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : : Pig Crop 3/ :-------------------------------: Pigs :----------------------- : : : 1999 4/ : Per Litter : : 1998 State : : :-------------------------------: :--------------- : 1997 : 1998 : :as % of: : : 1997 : :as % of : : :Number : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 Head ---- Percent -- Number -- 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 52 56 54 96 8.50 8.50 442 476 108 GA : 30 26 23 88 8.05 8.35 242 217 90 IL : 200 225 220 98 8.50 8.60 1,700 1,935 114 IN : 180 195 195 100 8.50 8.60 1,530 1,677 110 IA : 450 520 490 94 8.50 8.70 3,825 4,524 118 KS : 80 90 85 94 9.10 9.00 728 810 111 KY : 31 31 30 97 8.30 8.40 257 260 101 MI : 40 40 44 110 8.40 8.80 336 352 105 MN : 230 260 255 98 8.70 8.95 2,001 2,327 116 MO : 185 195 190 97 8.80 8.80 1,628 1,716 105 NE : 170 165 170 103 8.45 8.50 1,437 1,403 98 NC : 500 515 520 101 8.90 8.90 4,450 4,584 103 OH : 75 89 85 96 8.30 8.50 623 757 122 OK : 78 117 135 115 9.50 8.90 741 1,041 140 PA : 50 47 46 98 8.50 8.60 425 404 95 SD : 60 58 55 95 8.50 8.60 510 499 98 WI : 46 42 34 81 8.40 8.20 386 344 89 : Oth : Sts 5/ : 227 258 262 101 8.38 8.35 1,903 2,154 113 : US : 2,684 2,929 2,893 99 8.63 8.70 23,164 25,480 110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ December preceding year. 2/ May not add due to rounding. 3/ Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold. 4/ Intentions. 5/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop by State and United States, March-May 1997-99 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : : Pig Crop 2/ :-------------------------------: Pigs :----------------------- : : : 1999 3/ : per Litter : : 1998 State : : :-------------------------------: :--------------- : 1997 : 1998 : :as % of: : : 1997 : :as % of : : :Number : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : :Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ----- 1,000 Head ---- Percent -- Number -- ----- 1,000 Head ---- : AR : 60 56 54 96 8.30 8.40 498 470 94 GA : 30 25 23 92 8.35 8.40 251 210 84 IL : 240 255 210 82 8.40 8.60 2,016 2,193 109 IN : 180 195 185 95 8.40 8.70 1,512 1,697 112 IA : 510 550 490 89 8.60 8.70 4,386 4,785 109 KS : 90 90 85 94 9.20 8.90 828 801 97 KY : 31 30 30 100 8.50 8.40 264 252 95 MI : 55 53 52 98 8.40 8.90 462 472 102 MN : 255 275 255 93 8.85 8.90 2,257 2,448 108 MO : 200 195 185 95 8.90 8.90 1,780 1,736 98 NE : 170 170 170 100 8.50 8.40 1,445 1,428 99 NC : 515 540 520 96 8.90 8.90 4,584 4,806 105 OH : 85 90 85 94 8.40 8.70 714 783 110 OK : 87 129 135 105 9.50 9.10 827 1,174 142 PA : 48 48 46 96 8.60 8.70 413 418 101 SD : 70 65 60 92 8.40 8.70 588 566 96 WI : 47 43 32 74 8.50 8.50 400 366 92 : Oth : Sts 4/ : 238 277 267 96 8.42 8.61 2,004 2,384 119 : US : 2,911 3,086 2,884 93 8.67 8.75 25,229 26,989 107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold. 3/ Intentions. 4/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop by State and United States, June-August 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : : Pig Crop 2/ :--------------------------: Pigs :-------------------------- : : 1998 : per Litter : : 1998 State : :-----------------------------------: :----------------- : 1997 : :as % of : : : 1997 : :as % of : : Number : 1997 : 1997 : 1998 : : Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent --- Number -- 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 58 57 98 8.60 8.50 499 485 97 GA : 29 25 86 8.40 8.45 244 211 86 IL : 220 230 105 8.40 8.60 1,848 1,978 107 IN : 190 190 100 8.40 8.65 1,596 1,644 103 IA : 540 530 98 8.80 8.75 4,752 4,638 98 KS : 95 92 97 9.20 8.70 874 800 92 KY : 31 29 94 8.35 8.40 259 244 94 MI : 54 52 96 8.70 8.90 470 463 99 MN : 260 280 108 8.85 8.90 2,301 2,492 108 MO : 195 195 100 8.90 8.70 1,736 1,697 98 NE : 165 170 103 8.55 8.60 1,411 1,462 104 NC : 515 550 107 8.90 8.80 4,584 4,840 106 OH : 90 90 100 8.30 8.75 747 788 105 OK : 98 134 137 9.40 9.10 921 1,219 132 PA : 49 48 98 8.70 8.70 426 418 98 SD : 68 57 84 8.50 8.70 578 496 86 WI : 48 42 88 8.50 8.35 408 351 86 : Oth : Sts 3/ : 241 283 118 8.47 8.51 2,042 2,408 118 : US : 2,946 3,054 104 8.72 8.72 25,696 26,634 104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop by State and United States, September-November 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : : Pig Crop 2/ :--------------------------: Pigs :-------------------------- : : 1998 : per Litter : : 1998 State : :-----------------------------------: :----------------- : 1997 : :as % of : : : 1997 : :as % of : : Number : 1997 : 1997 : 1998 : : Number : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Head Percent --- Number -- 1,000 Head Percent : AR : 55 56 102 8.40 8.50 462 476 103 GA : 25 25 100 8.35 8.30 209 208 100 IL : 240 235 98 8.40 8.60 2,016 2,021 100 IN : 190 195 103 8.50 8.65 1,615 1,687 104 IA : 520 510 98 8.60 8.70 4,472 4,437 99 KS : 95 90 95 9.20 8.70 874 783 90 KY : 31 30 97 8.35 8.50 259 255 98 MI : 48 52 108 8.70 8.50 418 442 106 MN : 260 265 102 8.90 8.85 2,314 2,345 101 MO : 200 190 95 8.90 8.60 1,780 1,634 92 NE : 165 175 106 8.50 8.50 1,403 1,488 106 NC : 510 520 102 8.85 8.65 4,514 4,498 100 OH : 90 90 100 8.60 8.60 774 774 100 OK : 99 135 136 9.30 9.10 921 1,229 133 PA : 48 46 96 8.70 8.90 418 409 98 SD : 70 60 86 8.60 8.60 602 516 86 WI : 43 39 91 8.30 8.25 357 322 90 : Oth : Sts 3/ : 250 277 111 8.34 8.50 2,086 2,354 113 : US : 2,939 2,990 102 8.67 8.65 25,494 25,878 102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ May not add due to rounding. 2/ Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1 or had been sold. 3/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Monthly Farrowings: Number of Sows, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop, United States December-November 1996-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Sows Farrowing : Pigs per Litter : Pig Crop Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :----- 1,000 Head ----- ------ Number ------ ------ 1,000 Head ----- : Dec 1/ : 880 880 940 8.41 8.18 8.30 7,404 7,200 7,800 Jan : 885 889 980 8.42 8.96 8.86 7,455 7,964 8,680 Feb : 970 915 1,009 8.45 8.74 8.92 8,195 8,000 9,000 Mar : 980 946 1,020 8.27 8.43 8.53 8,103 7,979 8,780 Apr : 965 980 1,036 8.41 8.58 8.59 8,120 8,410 8,960 May : 985 985 1,030 8.74 8.97 8.98 8,610 8,840 9,249 Jun : 906 976 1,010 8.43 8.30 8.61 7,640 8,100 8,700 Jul : 888 981 1,024 8.59 8.97 8.78 7,632 8,796 8,990 Aug : 924 989 1,020 8.63 8.90 8.77 7,972 8,800 8,944 Sep : 925 965 1,020 8.26 8.77 8.62 7,645 8,460 8,788 Oct : 906 999 1,000 8.57 8.58 8.67 7,765 8,569 8,670 Nov : 900 975 970 8.80 8.67 8.68 7,917 8,465 8,420 : Total :11,113 11,479 12,059 8.50 8.68 8.71 94,459 99,584 104,981 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ December preceding year. Hogs and Pigs: Number of Operations with Hogs, by State and United States, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operation With Hogs State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AL : 1,100 1,000 AK : 50 50 AZ : 250 250 AR : 1,460 1,300 CA : 2,000 1,600 CO : 1,200 1,100 CT : 250 200 DE : 180 150 FL : 2,000 1,800 GA : 2,000 1,700 HI : 250 250 ID : 900 800 IL : 7,500 7,000 IN : 6,500 6,400 IA : 18,000 17,500 KS : 3,000 2,600 KY : 2,100 1,700 LA : 950 600 ME : 600 400 MD : 600 620 MA : 450 500 MI : 3,000 2,800 MN : 9,000 8,500 MS : 2,000 2,000 MO : 5,500 5,000 MT : 650 650 NE : 6,500 6,000 NV : 110 110 NH : 250 300 NJ : 550 550 NM : 400 400 NY : 1,500 1,400 NC : 4,500 4,200 ND : 1,000 850 OH : 6,800 6,500 OK : 3,100 3,100 OR : 1,400 1,200 PA : 3,500 3,500 RI : 60 50 SC : 1,300 1,100 SD : 3,000 3,200 TN : 2,500 2,500 TX : 5,500 5,000 UT : 500 500 VT : 300 250 VA : 1,600 1,500 WA : 1,000 1,000 WV : 1,100 1,100 WI : 3,900 3,300 WY : 300 300 : US : 122,160 114,380 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ An operation is any place having one or more hogs and pigs on hand at any time during the year. Totals may not add due to rounding. Hogs and Pigs: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected States, Region, and United States, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1-99 Head : 100-499 Head : 500-999 Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AR : 1,030 880 125 105 80 85 GA : 1,430 1,340 350 200 90 50 IL : 2,600 2,200 2,500 2,250 1,200 1,300 IN : 2,600 2,400 2,100 2,100 840 840 IA : 3,400 2,900 6,900 6,300 3,900 4,100 KS : 1,600 1,300 870 890 300 200 KY : 1,500 1,200 330 260 130 100 MI : 2,050 1,900 510 500 180 100 MN : 3,000 2,800 3,200 3,000 1,400 1,300 MO : 2,800 2,100 1,690 1,800 510 570 NE : 1,900 1,800 2,800 2,500 1,050 980 NC : 2,700 2,400 200 190 140 140 OH : 4,600 4,000 1,300 1,500 530 550 OK : 2,800 2,800 130 130 40 40 PA : 2,500 2,450 500 520 200 200 SD : 1,050 1,100 1,300 1,500 370 300 WI : 2,600 2,100 890 870 230 180 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 29,300 26,700 2,400 2,400 480 420 : US : 69,460 62,370 28,095 27,015 11,670 11,455 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Hogs and Pigs: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected States, Region, and United States, 1997-98 1/ (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1,000-1,999 Head : 2,000-4,999 Head : 5,000+ Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AR : 95 95 85 90 45 45 GA : 60 40 40 50 30 20 IL : 690 690 390 430 120 130 IN : 520 580 330 360 110 120 IA : 2,250 2,450 1,250 1,430 300 320 KS : 110 90 80 80 40 40 KY : 90 85 35 40 15 15 MI : 130 150 100 120 30 30 MN : 800 750 440 470 160 180 MO : 270 230 170 240 60 60 NE : 480 450 195 190 75 80 NC : 240 240 650 650 570 580 OH : 250 290 100 130 20 30 OK : 50 50 50 50 30 30 PA : 150 150 115 140 35 40 SD : 150 160 70 80 60 60 WI : 120 95 55 50 5 5 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 300 260 200 170 120 130 : US : 6,755 6,855 4,355 4,770 1,825 1,915 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ An operation is any place having one or more hogs and pigs on hand any time during the year. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Hogs and Pigs: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected States, Region, and United States, 1997-98 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Inventory on Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1-99 Head : 100-499 Head : 500-999 Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AR : 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 GA : 4.0 5.0 10.0 7.0 9.0 7.0 IL : 2.0 1.5 14.0 10.5 17.0 15.0 IN : 2.0 2.0 14.0 12.0 15.0 13.0 IA : 1.0 0.5 12.0 9.5 17.5 15.0 KS : 2.5 2.0 12.5 12.0 10.0 7.0 KY : 4.0 3.0 13.0 12.0 16.0 13.0 MI : 4.0 2.0 12.0 8.0 11.0 6.0 MN : 1.5 2.0 13.0 11.0 15.5 13.0 MO : 2.0 2.0 10.5 12.0 9.5 9.0 NE : 2.0 1.5 19.5 17.5 19.5 19.0 NC : 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 OH : 7.0 6.0 22.0 21.0 22.0 18.0 OK : 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 PA : 4.0 3.5 11.0 10.5 12.0 12.0 SD : 2.5 2.5 22.0 22.0 16.0 12.5 WI : 8.0 7.0 27.0 28.0 21.0 21.0 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 6.5 5.0 9.5 8.0 6.0 6.0 : US : 2.0 2.0 11.0 9.5 12.0 11.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Hogs and Pigs: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected States, Region, and United States, 1997-98 1/ (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Inventory on Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1,000-1,999 Head : 2,000-4,999 Head : 5,000+ Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AR : 15.0 14.0 31.0 31.0 43.0 44.0 GA : 11.0 11.0 22.0 24.0 44.0 46.0 IL : 19.0 17.0 23.0 27.0 25.0 29.0 IN : 18.0 17.0 24.0 24.0 27.0 32.0 IA : 20.0 20.0 23.5 27.0 26.0 28.0 KS : 9.0 8.0 14.0 12.0 52.0 59.0 KY : 18.0 20.0 20.0 21.0 29.0 31.0 MI : 18.0 20.0 25.0 34.0 30.0 30.0 MN : 20.0 18.0 20.0 21.0 30.0 35.0 MO : 10.0 7.0 14.0 15.0 54.0 55.0 NE : 17.5 17.0 15.5 15.0 26.0 30.0 NC : 4.0 3.5 22.0 21.5 72.0 73.0 OH : 19.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 12.0 16.0 OK : 4.0 3.5 8.0 6.5 82.0 85.0 PA : 17.0 17.0 29.0 30.0 27.0 27.0 SD : 13.0 12.0 12.5 15.0 34.0 36.0 WI : 20.0 19.0 18.0 18.0 6.0 7.0 : Oth : Sts 2/ : 8.5 7.5 13.5 14.0 56.0 59.5 : US : 14.5 14.0 20.5 21.5 40.0 42.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ An operation is any place having one or more hogs and pigs on hand any time during the year. Percent reflect average distributions based primarily on mid-year surveys. 2/ Individual State estimates not available for the 33 other States. Reliability of December 1 Hogs and Pigs Estimates Survey Procedures: A random sample of about 17,000 U.S. producers was surveyed to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were collected from about 14,300 operations, 84 percent of the total sample, during the first-half of December by mail, telephone, and face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of December 1. Estimation Procedures: These hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each State office. National and State survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds to it estimates of births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates for all quarters of the current and previous year are reviewed. The reviews are primarily based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The affects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory estimates over the past 20 quarters is 2.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 62.2 million head by more than 2.1 percent, or about 1,305,000 head. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 3.6 percent, or about 2,238,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level). Reliability of December 1 Hog Estimates 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : : Difference Between : Quarters : Root : 90% : First and Latest :--------------- : Mean : Confidence : Estimates : First : First Item :Square : Level :-------------------------: Above : Below : Error : :Average:Smallest:Largest :Latest :Latest -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent ---------- 1,000 Head --------- Number : All Hogs & : 2.1 3.6 2,238 940 47 2,820 10 10 Pigs : : Pig Crop : 2.4 4.1 1,061 470 6 1,221 7 13 : Expected : Farrowings : : Next : 2.9 5.0 145 66 5 225 11 9 Quarter : : Following : 5.1 8.8 254 110 17 380 12 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on quarterly records for the past 20 quarters. Index Page Annual Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pig Crop, and Pigs Per Litter, December-November, 1997-1998, US. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop, September-November, Quarterly States. . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop, March-May, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pig Crop, and Pigs Per Litter, US. . .5 Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop, December-February, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pigs Per Litter, and Pig Crop, June-August, Quarterly States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Hogs and Pigs Inventory Number, by Quarter, US. . . . . . . . . .4 Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs, by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, September 1 . . . . . . 12 Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs, by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, December 1. . . . . . . .6 Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs, by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, June 1. . . . . . . . . 10 Inventory, Total and Breeding, Market Hogs, and Market Hogs, by Weight Groups, Quarterly States, March 1 . . . . . . . . .8 Monthly Farrowings, Number of Sows, Pig Crop, and Pigs Per Litter, December-November, 1996-1998, US. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Number of Operations with Hogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Number of Operations by Size Group, Quarterly States . . . . . . 22 Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Quarterly States . . . . . . 24 Pigs per Litter by Size of Operation, US . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Survey and Estimation Procedures, Revision Policy and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 The next "Hogs and Pigs" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on March 26, 1999. 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