HDR1012000160030217981500MILK PRODUCTION Milk Production National Agricultural Statistics Service USDA Washington, D.C. Released February 17, 1998, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Milk Production" call James Hand at 202-690-3236, office hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET. January Milk Production Up 2.0 Percent Milk production in the 20 major States during January totaled 11.4 billion pounds, up 2.0 percent from production in these same States in January 1997. December revised production, at 11.1 billion pounds was up 1.0 percent from December 1996. Production per cow in the 20 major States averaged 1,473 pounds for January, 40 pounds above January 1997. The number of cows on farms in the 20 major States was 7.73 million head, 58,000 head less than January 1997 and 3,000 head less than December 1997. Special this issue: Annual Revisions, 1996-1997 Inventory, Operations, and Production by Size Group Milk Cows and Production: By Quarter, United States, 1997-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Per Cow 2/ : Milk Production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Quarter : : : : : : : Change : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : From : : : : : : : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : --- 1,000 -- --- Pounds -- Million Pounds Percent : Jan-Mar : 9,295 4,192 38,961 Apr-Jun : 9,280 4,384 40,683 Jul-Sep : 9,251 4,195 38,805 Oct-Dec : 9,205 4,145 38,154 : Annual : 9,258 16,916 156,603 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production: By Month, 20 Selected States, 1997-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Per Cow 2/ : Milk Production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : : : : : : : Change : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : From : : : : : : : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 ---- ---- Pounds ---- Million Pounds Percent : Jan : 7,787 7,729 1,433 1,473 11,158 11,386 2.0 Feb : 7,774 1,328 10,321 Mar : 7,763 1,500 11,641 Apr : 7,763 1,474 11,446 May : 7,765 1,529 11,869 Jun : 7,765 1,471 11,419 Jul : 7,765 1,473 11,437 Aug : 7,757 1,446 11,213 Sep : 7,752 1,377 10,671 Oct : 7,750 1,416 10,977 Nov : 7,737 1,369 10,591 Dec : 7,732 1,438 11,118 : Annual : 7,759 17,252 133,861 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Estimated Milk Production: United States, 1997-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : By Month : Cumulative :------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : : : Change : : : Change : 1997 : 1998 : From : 1997 : 1998 : From : : : 1997 : : : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Million Pounds Percent Million Pounds Percent : Jan : 13,126 13,394 2.0 13,126 13,394 2.0 Feb : 12,141 25,267 Mar : 13,694 38,961 Apr : 13,406 52,367 May : 13,902 66,269 Jun : 13,375 79,644 Jul : 13,319 92,963 Aug : 13,059 106,022 Sep : 12,427 118,449 Oct : 12,814 131,263 Nov : 12,362 143,625 Dec : 12,978 156,603 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Milk Cows and Production: By State, January 1997-98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Per Cow 2/ : Milk Production 2/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- Month : : : : : : : Change : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : From : : : : : : : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 ---- ---- Pounds --- Million Pounds Percent : AZ : 122 130 1,970 1,800 240 234 -2.5 CA : 1,302 1,354 1,675 1,770 2,181 2,397 9.9 FL : 159 160 1,520 1,350 242 216 -10.7 ID : 268 282 1,500 1,620 402 457 13.7 IL : 149 144 1,290 1,370 192 197 2.6 IN : 140 140 1,320 1,330 185 186 0.5 IA : 248 239 1,320 1,420 327 340 4.0 KY : 150 138 1,055 1,060 158 146 -7.6 MI : 311 298 1,480 1,550 460 462 0.4 MN : 595 570 1,345 1,375 800 784 -2.0 MO : 175 160 1,180 1,180 207 189 -8.7 NM : 197 208 1,675 1,665 330 346 4.8 NY : 700 700 1,370 1,330 959 931 -2.9 OH : 285 272 1,335 1,350 380 367 -3.4 PA : 641 638 1,385 1,470 888 938 5.6 TX : 390 379 1,390 1,320 542 500 -7.7 VT : 156 158 1,380 1,415 215 224 4.2 VA : 125 120 1,270 1,360 159 163 2.5 WA : 266 261 1,650 1,665 439 435 -0.9 WI : 1,408 1,378 1,315 1,360 1,852 1,874 1.2 : 20-State : Total : 7,787 7,729 1,433 1,473 11,158 11,386 2.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production: By State, December 1996-97 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 2/ : Milk per Cow 3/ : Milk Production 3/ :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : : : : : : : Change : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : From : : : : : : : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 ---- ---- Pounds --- Million Pounds Percent : AZ : 122 130 1,855 1,710 226 222 -1.8 CA : 1,296 1,348 1,705 1,710 2,210 2,305 4.3 FL : 158 160 1,405 1,315 222 210 -5.4 ID : 267 280 1,530 1,610 409 451 10.3 IL : 150 145 1,240 1,310 186 190 2.2 IN : 140 140 1,300 1,330 182 186 2.2 IA : 248 240 1,325 1,420 329 341 3.6 KY : 150 140 1,040 1,020 156 143 -8.3 MI : 312 299 1,445 1,480 451 443 -1.8 MN : 595 570 1,340 1,340 797 764 -4.1 MO : 175 162 1,135 1,165 199 189 -5.0 NM : 197 208 1,645 1,625 324 338 4.3 NY : 700 700 1,340 1,360 938 952 1.5 OH : 285 272 1,280 1,320 365 359 -1.6 PA : 643 638 1,365 1,430 878 912 3.9 TX : 390 380 1,325 1,245 517 473 -8.5 VT : 156 158 1,350 1,385 211 219 3.8 VA : 125 120 1,240 1,340 155 161 3.9 WA : 266 260 1,640 1,650 436 429 -1.6 WI : 1,414 1,382 1,285 1,325 1,817 1,831 0.8 : 20-State : Total : 7,789 7,732 1,413 1,438 11,008 11,118 1.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 1997 revised. 2/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 3/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production: United States, 1988-97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Production per Cow : Milk Production : : 2/ : 2/ Year : Milk Cows 1/ :---------------------------------------------- : : Milk : Total -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 Pounds Million Pounds : 1988 : 10,224 14,185 145,034 1989 : 10,046 14,323 143,893 1990 : 9,993 14,782 147,721 1991 : 9,826 15,031 147,697 1992 : 9,688 15,570 150,847 1993 : 9,589 15,704 150,582 1994 : 9,500 16,175 153,664 1995 : 9,458 16,433 155,425 1996 : 9,361 16,479 154,259 1997 : 9,258 16,916 156,603 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production: By State and United States, 1996-97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Per Cow 2/ : Milk Production 2/ : Change State :-------------------------------------------------------------: From : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---- 1,000 ---- ---- Pounds ---- Million Pounds Percent : Al : 32 31 13,563 13,484 434 418 -3.7 AK : 0.8 0.9 16,875 16,667 13.5 15.0 11.1 AZ : 121 127 20,446 20,976 2,474 2,664 7.7 AR : 57 53 12,053 12,094 687 641 -6.7 CA : 1,276 1,325 20,267 20,851 25,861 27,628 6.8 CO : 84 84 19,440 19,988 1,633 1,679 2.8 CT : 30 30 16,633 16,967 499 509 2.0 DE : 9.6 10.1 14,583 15,149 140 153 9.3 FL : 156 160 15,391 15,481 2,401 2,477 3.2 GA : 97 97 15,320 15,340 1,486 1,488 0.1 HI : 9.4 9.1 13,723 13,516 129 123 -4.7 ID : 256 272 18,496 19,092 4,735 5,193 9.7 IL : 154 147 15,162 15,694 2,335 2,307 -1.2 IN : 140 140 15,471 15,636 2,166 2,189 1.1 IA : 249 244 15,197 16,340 3,784 3,987 5.4 KS : 82 81 14,634 15,864 1,200 1,285 7.1 KY : 153 145 12,157 12,517 1,860 1,815 -2.4 LA : 78 77 10,744 10,312 838 794 -5.3 ME : 40 40 16,200 16,525 648 661 2.0 MD : 86 86 15,360 15,488 1,321 1,332 0.8 MA : 27 26 16,296 16,731 440 435 -1.1 MI : 320 306 16,969 17,680 5,430 5,410 -0.4 MN : 598 583 15,786 15,798 9,440 9,210 -2.4 MS : 51 47 12,902 13,489 658 634 -3.6 MO : 179 168 13,659 14,077 2,445 2,365 -3.3 MT : 20 19 15,350 15,526 307 295 -3.9 NE : 69 69 15,217 15,072 1,050 1,040 -1.0 NV : 25 26 18,800 18,346 470 477 1.5 NH : 19 19 17,053 17,263 324 328 1.2 NJ : 22 20 13,500 15,000 297 300 1.0 NM : 195 202 19,246 19,856 3,753 4,011 6.9 NY : 702 699 16,396 16,519 11,510 11,547 0.3 NC : 81 76 15,901 16,566 1,288 1,259 -2.3 ND : 62 55 12,968 12,764 804 702 -12.7 OH : 285 280 15,298 15,768 4,360 4,415 1.3 OK : 97 96 12,938 13,281 1,255 1,275 1.6 OR : 93 90 17,290 17,889 1,608 1,610 0.1 PA : 644 639 16,522 16,811 10,640 10,742 1.0 RI : 2 2 15,600 16,000 31.2 32.0 2.6 SC : 26 26 14,654 15,077 381 392 2.9 SD : 112 105 13,161 13,181 1,474 1,384 -6.1 TN : 116 111 13,940 14,360 1,617 1,594 -1.4 TX : 398 385 15,377 14,982 6,120 5,768 -5.8 UT : 91 91 17,000 16,923 1,547 1,540 -0.5 VT : 156 157 16,468 16,567 2,569 2,601 1.2 VA : 126 122 14,325 15,238 1,805 1,859 3.0 WA : 264 264 19,996 20,095 5,279 5,305 0.5 WV : 20 18 12,600 14,778 252 266 5.6 WI : 1,449 1,393 15,442 16,057 22,376 22,368 0.0 WY : 6 6 14,050 13,450 84.3 80.7 -4.3 : US 3/ : 9,361 9,258 16,479 16,916 154,259 156,603 1.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Average number during year, excluding heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Will not add due to rounding. Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : AZ : 118 118 119 119 119 122 CA : 1,260 1,263 1,264 1,267 1,270 1,273 FL : 155 155 156 157 157 156 ID : 245 246 247 249 252 255 IL : 158 157 157 156 155 154 IN : 140 140 140 140 140 140 IA : 250 250 249 249 248 248 KY : 159 157 156 156 155 153 MI : 325 322 321 322 322 322 MN : 600 600 595 595 595 600 MO : 185 183 183 183 182 180 NM : 193 193 193 193 194 194 NY : 700 700 700 700 703 704 OH : 286 285 285 285 285 285 PA : 648 645 645 643 643 643 TX : 400 400 400 400 400 400 VT : 158 157 157 155 155 156 VA : 128 127 127 127 126 126 WA : 263 263 262 262 262 262 WI : 1,475 1,470 1,470 1,465 1,460 1,455 : 20 States : 7,846 7,831 7,826 7,823 7,823 7,828 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Avg. 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 122 122 122 122 122 122 121 CA : 1,276 1,280 1,284 1,288 1,292 1,296 1,276 FL : 156 156 155 156 157 158 156 ID : 258 260 263 265 266 267 256 IL : 154 153 153 152 151 150 154 IN : 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 IA : 248 248 248 248 248 248 249 KY : 151 151 151 151 151 150 153 MI : 323 320 317 317 314 312 320 MN : 600 600 600 595 595 595 598 MO : 177 175 175 175 175 175 179 NM : 196 196 195 195 195 197 195 NY : 703 703 703 703 700 700 702 OH : 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 PA : 643 641 642 645 642 643 644 TX : 399 397 395 395 395 390 398 VT : 156 156 155 155 155 156 156 VA : 126 126 126 126 126 125 126 WA : 263 264 265 266 266 266 264 WI : 1,448 1,441 1,435 1,428 1,421 1,414 1,449 : 2O States : 7,824 7,814 7,809 7,807 7,796 7,789 7,818 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Average based on monthly totals. Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1,000 : AZ : 122 124 125 127 128 128 CA : 1,302 1,307 1,311 1,315 1,320 1,324 FL : 159 160 162 162 162 161 ID : 268 267 264 265 268 269 IL : 149 149 148 148 148 148 IN : 140 140 140 140 140 140 IA : 248 247 246 246 245 244 KY : 150 148 147 145 145 145 MI : 311 310 306 306 308 310 MN : 595 590 590 590 585 585 MO : 175 172 172 172 170 169 NM : 197 197 199 199 200 200 NY : 700 700 700 698 698 698 OH : 285 285 284 283 283 282 PA : 641 639 636 639 639 639 TX : 390 390 389 389 388 386 VT : 156 155 155 156 157 158 VA : 125 124 124 123 122 122 WA : 266 266 265 265 266 265 WI : 1,408 1,404 1,400 1,395 1,393 1,392 : 20 States : 7,787 7,774 7,763 7,763 7,765 7,765 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Avg. 2/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 128 128 129 130 130 130 127 CA : 1,328 1,332 1,335 1,339 1,343 1,348 1,325 FL : 161 160 159 159 159 160 160 ID : 273 276 279 279 280 280 272 IL : 147 146 146 146 145 145 147 IN : 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 IA : 244 243 243 242 241 240 244 KY : 145 144 143 143 141 140 145 MI : 309 308 304 303 301 299 306 MN : 585 580 575 575 570 570 583 MO : 167 166 166 166 164 162 168 NM : 201 203 205 205 206 208 202 NY : 698 698 697 699 699 700 699 OH : 281 280 278 276 274 272 280 PA : 639 639 639 640 640 638 639 TX : 384 384 383 381 380 380 385 VT : 157 157 159 158 159 158 157 VA : 121 121 120 120 120 120 122 WA : 265 262 262 261 260 260 264 WI : 1,392 1,390 1,390 1,388 1,385 1,382 1,393 : 20 States : 7,765 7,757 7,752 7,750 7,737 7,732 7,759 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Average based on monthly totals. Milk Produced: Rate per Cow, by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Pounds : AZ : 1,790 1,770 1,960 1,905 1,915 1,700 CA : 1,675 1,580 1,720 1,710 1,760 1,685 FL : 1,405 1,405 1,475 1,410 1,380 1,235 ID : 1,490 1,370 1,500 1,490 1,590 1,570 IL : 1,300 1,260 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,240 IN : 1,290 1,260 1,380 1,320 1,350 1,270 IA : 1,260 1,160 1,285 1,270 1,330 1,270 KY : 1,025 980 1,075 1,075 1,085 940 MI : 1,425 1,365 1,485 1,440 1,470 1,385 MN : 1,360 1,285 1,400 1,350 1,395 1,335 MO : 1,175 1,125 1,245 1,270 1,255 1,055 NM : 1,570 1,520 1,675 1,670 1,735 1,630 NY : 1,400 1,340 1,460 1,420 1,445 1,385 OH : 1,315 1,290 1,370 1,340 1,355 1,240 PA : 1,405 1,345 1,465 1,435 1,460 1,360 TX : 1,380 1,345 1,480 1,445 1,425 1,230 VT : 1,400 1,340 1,440 1,420 1,455 1,390 VA : 1,235 1,165 1,265 1,240 1,245 1,105 WA : 1,655 1,530 1,685 1,665 1,750 1,705 WI : 1,290 1,215 1,325 1,290 1,345 1,305 : 20 States : 1,415 1,347 1,467 1,439 1,477 1,395 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Avg. :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 1,445 1,440 1,475 1,620 1,690 1,855 20,446 CA : 1,710 1,665 1,665 1,720 1,670 1,705 20,267 FL : 1,145 1,070 1,045 1,160 1,230 1,405 15,391 ID : 1,650 1,640 1,550 1,580 1,510 1,530 18,496 IL : 1,240 1,230 1,220 1,230 1,220 1,240 15,162 IN : 1,270 1,260 1,250 1,280 1,240 1,300 15,471 IA : 1,280 1,275 1,245 1,280 1,250 1,325 15,197 KY : 955 975 965 1,020 980 1,040 12,157 MI : 1,405 1,405 1,365 1,415 1,370 1,445 16,969 MN : 1,315 1,275 1,220 1,275 1,250 1,340 15,786 MO : 1,085 1,090 1,050 1,105 1,055 1,135 13,659 NM : 1,605 1,585 1,515 1,585 1,565 1,645 19,246 NY : 1,380 1,355 1,290 1,320 1,270 1,340 16,396 OH : 1,245 1,230 1,190 1,240 1,200 1,280 15,298 PA : 1,375 1,360 1,305 1,345 1,310 1,365 16,522 TX : 1,140 1,135 1,090 1,185 1,205 1,325 15,377 VT : 1,375 1,365 1,310 1,345 1,285 1,350 16,468 VA : 1,125 1,160 1,140 1,200 1,170 1,240 14,325 WA : 1,735 1,735 1,650 1,675 1,600 1,640 19,996 WI : 1,320 1,310 1,255 1,285 1,220 1,285 15,442 : 20 States : 1,397 1,379 1,338 1,386 1,346 1,413 16,800 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Produced: Rate per Cow, by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Pounds : AZ : 1,970 1,840 2,100 1,980 1,920 1,760 CA : 1,675 1,550 1,805 1,795 1,835 1,755 FL : 1,520 1,445 1,530 1,455 1,430 1,265 ID : 1,500 1,360 1,550 1,560 1,670 1,660 IL : 1,290 1,270 1,360 1,350 1,350 1,320 IN : 1,320 1,185 1,320 1,310 1,380 1,330 IA : 1,320 1,225 1,400 1,360 1,410 1,375 KY : 1,055 980 1,115 1,145 1,180 1,040 MI : 1,480 1,370 1,520 1,485 1,540 1,490 MN : 1,345 1,245 1,385 1,335 1,415 1,385 MO : 1,180 1,070 1,240 1,285 1,335 1,200 NM : 1,675 1,555 1,735 1,705 1,760 1,695 NY : 1,370 1,260 1,420 1,400 1,465 1,435 OH : 1,335 1,260 1,370 1,330 1,380 1,320 PA : 1,385 1,290 1,470 1,445 1,480 1,405 TX : 1,390 1,295 1,445 1,390 1,370 1,220 VT : 1,380 1,285 1,425 1,385 1,440 1,420 VA : 1,270 1,180 1,320 1,300 1,345 1,240 WA : 1,650 1,525 1,720 1,700 1,770 1,720 WI : 1,315 1,210 1,355 1,330 1,420 1,410 : 20 States : 1,433 1,328 1,500 1,474 1,529 1,471 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Avg. :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 1,660 1,460 1,400 1,550 1,600 1,710 20,976 CA : 1,805 1,780 1,695 1,755 1,685 1,710 20,851 FL : 1,160 1,040 1,005 1,105 1,165 1,315 15,481 ID : 1,710 1,690 1,590 1,610 1,550 1,610 19,092 IL : 1,320 1,320 1,270 1,280 1,250 1,310 15,694 IN : 1,325 1,300 1,275 1,310 1,250 1,330 15,636 IA : 1,390 1,380 1,345 1,370 1,340 1,420 16,340 KY : 1,020 1,030 985 1,000 970 1,020 12,517 MI : 1,490 1,500 1,430 1,465 1,415 1,480 17,680 MN : 1,350 1,290 1,225 1,260 1,230 1,340 15,798 MO : 1,160 1,120 1,070 1,110 1,090 1,165 14,077 NM : 1,710 1,650 1,555 1,640 1,590 1,625 19,856 NY : 1,430 1,410 1,335 1,350 1,290 1,360 16,519 OH : 1,320 1,310 1,260 1,290 1,260 1,320 15,768 PA : 1,410 1,395 1,350 1,395 1,350 1,430 16,811 TX : 1,140 1,090 1,065 1,150 1,155 1,245 14,982 VT : 1,425 1,425 1,335 1,355 1,305 1,385 16,567 VA : 1,230 1,250 1,240 1,280 1,260 1,340 15,238 WA : 1,765 1,725 1,640 1,665 1,585 1,650 20,095 WI : 1,415 1,400 1,305 1,320 1,250 1,325 16,057 : 20 States : 1,473 1,446 1,377 1,416 1,369 1,438 17,252 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Million Pounds : AZ : 211 209 233 227 228 204 CA : 2,111 1,996 2,174 2,166 2,235 2,145 FL : 218 218 230 221 217 193 ID : 365 337 371 371 401 400 IL : 205 198 207 206 205 191 IN : 181 176 193 185 189 178 IA : 315 290 320 316 330 315 KY : 163 154 168 168 168 144 MI : 463 440 477 464 473 446 MN : 816 771 833 803 830 801 MO : 217 206 228 232 228 190 NM : 303 293 323 322 337 316 NY : 980 938 1,022 994 1,016 975 OH : 376 368 390 382 386 353 PA : 910 868 945 923 939 874 TX : 552 538 592 578 570 492 VT : 221 210 226 220 226 217 VA : 158 148 161 157 157 139 WA : 435 402 441 436 459 447 WI : 1,903 1,786 1,948 1,890 1,964 1,899 : 20 States : 11,103 10,546 11,482 11,261 11,558 10,919 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 176 176 180 198 206 226 2,474 CA : 2,182 2,131 2,138 2,215 2,158 2,210 25,861 FL : 179 167 162 181 193 222 2,401 ID : 426 426 408 419 402 409 4,735 IL : 191 188 187 187 184 186 2,335 IN : 178 176 175 179 174 182 2,166 IA : 317 316 309 317 310 329 3,784 KY : 144 147 146 154 148 156 1,860 MI : 454 450 433 449 430 451 5,430 MN : 789 765 732 759 744 797 9,440 MO : 192 191 184 193 185 199 2,445 NM : 315 311 295 309 305 324 3,753 NY : 970 953 907 928 889 938 11,510 OH : 355 351 339 353 342 365 4,360 PA : 884 872 838 868 841 878 10,640 TX : 455 451 431 468 476 517 6,120 VT : 215 213 203 208 199 211 2,569 VA : 142 146 144 151 147 155 1,805 WA : 456 458 437 446 426 436 5,279 WI : 1,911 1,888 1,801 1,835 1,734 1,817 22,376 : 20 States : 10,931 10,776 10,449 10,817 10,493 11,008 131,343 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : May : Jun -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Million Pounds : AZ : 240 228 262 252 246 225 CA : 2,181 2,026 2,366 2,360 2,422 2,324 FL : 242 231 248 236 232 204 ID : 402 363 409 413 448 447 IL : 192 189 201 200 200 195 IN : 185 166 185 183 193 186 IA : 327 303 344 335 345 336 KY : 158 145 164 166 171 151 MI : 460 425 465 454 474 462 MN : 800 735 817 788 828 810 MO : 207 184 213 221 227 203 NM : 330 306 345 339 352 339 NY : 959 882 994 977 1,023 1,002 OH : 380 359 389 376 391 372 PA : 888 824 939 923 946 898 TX : 542 505 562 541 532 471 VT : 215 199 221 216 226 224 VA : 159 146 164 160 164 151 WA : 439 406 456 451 471 456 WI : 1,852 1,699 1,897 1,855 1,978 1,963 : 20 States : 11,158 10,321 11,641 11,446 11,869 11,419 :----------------------------------------------------------------- : : : : : : : Annual : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Total :----------------------------------------------------------------- : AZ : 212 187 180 202 208 222 2,664 CA : 2,397 2,371 2,263 2,350 2,263 2,305 27,628 FL : 187 166 160 176 185 210 2,477 ID : 467 466 444 449 434 451 5,193 IL : 194 193 185 187 181 190 2,307 IN : 186 182 179 183 175 186 2,189 IA : 339 335 327 332 323 341 3,987 KY : 148 148 141 143 137 143 1,815 MI : 460 462 435 444 426 443 5,410 MN : 790 748 704 725 701 764 9,210 MO : 194 186 178 184 179 189 2,365 NM : 344 335 319 336 328 338 4,011 NY : 998 984 930 944 902 952 11,547 OH : 371 367 350 356 345 359 4,415 PA : 901 891 863 893 864 912 10,742 TX : 438 419 408 438 439 473 5,768 VT : 224 224 212 214 207 219 2,601 VA : 149 151 149 154 151 161 1,859 WA : 468 452 430 435 412 429 5,305 WI : 1,970 1,946 1,814 1,832 1,731 1,831 22,368 : 20 States : 11,437 11,213 10,671 10,977 10,591 11,118 133,861 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. Milk Cows and Production: Number and Total Produced by Quarter, State, and United States, 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Production 2/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 Head ---------- --------- Million Pounds -------- : AL : 32 32 31 31 127 115 89 103 AK : 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.10 3.33 3.55 3.52 AZ : 118 120 122 122 653 659 532 630 AR : 59 58 56 56 186 174 162 165 CA : 1,262 1,270 1,280 1,292 6,281 6,546 6,451 6,583 CO : 83 84 83 84 396 413 411 413 CT : 31 30 29 28 134 129 118 118 DE : 9.7 9.5 9.5 9.5 37.4 36.3 32.2 34.1 FL : 155 157 156 157 666 631 508 596 GA : 97 96 97 98 412 382 322 370 HI : 9.6 9.3 9.2 9.5 33.4 34.6 31.9 29.1 ID : 246 252 260 266 1,073 1,172 1,260 1,230 IL : 157 155 153 151 610 602 566 557 IN : 140 140 140 140 550 552 529 535 IA : 250 248 248 248 925 961 942 956 KS : 85 83 80 81 310 300 280 310 KY : 157 155 151 151 485 480 437 458 LA : 78 78 78 78 233 222 178 205 ME : 40 40 40 39 161 166 163 158 MD : 89 86 85 85 338 336 323 324 MA : 27 27 27 26 111 112 109 108 MI : 323 322 320 314 1,380 1,383 1,337 1,330 MN : 598 597 600 595 2,420 2,434 2,286 2,300 MS : 53 52 50 49 181 175 141 161 MO : 184 182 176 175 651 650 567 577 MT : 20 20 20 20 75 77 78 77 NE : 69 69 69 69 268 260 258 264 NV : 24 25 25 26 107 119 121 123 NH : 20 20 19 18 85 85 78 76 NJ : 23 22 22 21 78 77 71 71 NM : 193 194 196 196 919 975 921 938 NY : 700 702 703 701 2,940 2,985 2,830 2,755 NC : 83 81 80 79 344 333 298 313 ND : 63 63 62 61 208 214 198 184 OH : 285 285 285 285 1,134 1,121 1,045 1,060 OK : 97 98 96 95 325 330 300 300 OR : 94 93 93 92 394 416 410 388 PA : 646 643 642 643 2,723 2,736 2,594 2,587 RI : 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 8.0 8.0 7.4 7.8 SC : 26 26 26 26 105 96 83 97 SD : 113 112 112 110 375 377 370 352 TN : 119 116 115 114 433 415 368 401 TX : 400 400 397 393 1,682 1,640 1,337 1,461 UT : 90 92 92 90 358 397 401 391 VT : 157 155 156 155 657 663 631 618 VA : 127 126 126 126 467 453 432 453 WA : 263 262 264 266 1,278 1,342 1,351 1,308 WV : 21 20 20 19 68 64 60 60 WI : 1,472 1,460 1,441 1,421 5,637 5,753 5,600 5,386 WY : 6 6 6 6 20.4 21.3 21.0 21.6 : US 3/ : 9,400 9,376 9,349 9,320 39,045 39,626 37,642 37,946 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Will not add due to rounding. Milk Cows and Production: Number and Total Produced by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk Cows 1/ : Milk Production 2/ State :----------------------------------------------------------------------- :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec :Jan-Mar :Apr-Jun :Jul-Sep :Oct-Dec -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ---------- 1,000 Head ---------- --------- Million Pounds -------- : AL : 31 31 31 29 117 113 88 100 AK : 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.47 3.77 3.96 3.80 AZ : 124 128 128 130 730 723 579 632 AR : 54 53 53 52 170 164 154 153 CA : 1,307 1,320 1,332 1,343 6,573 7,106 7,031 6,918 CO : 85 85 84 83 426 438 420 395 CT : 29 29 30 30 127 129 125 128 DE : 10 10 10 10.5 38.3 38.5 38 38.2 FL : 160 162 160 159 721 672 513 571 GA : 97 97 96 96 412 395 324 357 HI : 9.5 9.1 8.9 8.9 32.2 33.2 29.9 27.7 ID : 266 267 276 280 1,174 1,308 1,377 1,334 IL : 149 148 146 145 582 595 572 558 IN : 140 140 140 140 536 562 547 544 IA : 247 245 243 241 974 1,016 1,001 996 KS : 82 82 81 80 330 340 300 315 KY : 148 145 144 141 467 488 437 423 LA : 78 78 76 76 224 216 170 184 ME : 39 40 40 39 162 170 169 160 MD : 86 86 86 86 335 340 326 331 MA : 26 27 26 25 108 113 109 105 MI : 309 308 307 301 1,350 1,390 1,357 1,313 MN : 592 587 580 572 2,352 2,426 2,242 2,190 MS : 48 47 47 44 183 174 135 142 MO : 173 170 166 164 604 651 558 552 MT : 19 19 19 18 74 76 75 70 NE : 69 70 69 69 257 262 260 261 NV : 26 26 26 26 115 120 120 122 NH : 19 19 19 18 83 84 81 80 NJ : 21 21 20 19 76 79 73 72 NM : 198 200 203 206 981 1,030 998 1,002 NY : 700 698 698 699 2,835 3,002 2,912 2,798 NC : 77 76 75 75 325 333 295 306 ND : 59 57 53 49 183 188 172 159 OH : 285 283 280 274 1,128 1,139 1,088 1,060 OK : 97 97 96 95 325 330 310 310 OR : 92 91 89 88 391 418 413 388 PA : 639 639 639 639 2,651 2,767 2,655 2,669 RI : 2 2 2 2 8.2 8.5 7.6 7.7 SC : 26 26 26 25 111 106 84 91 SD : 106 106 104 102 339 357 350 338 TN : 115 114 110 106 426 426 371 371 TX : 390 388 384 380 1,609 1,544 1,265 1,350 UT : 92 93 91 89 374 406 394 366 VT : 155 157 158 158 635 666 660 640 VA : 124 122 121 120 469 475 449 466 WA : 266 265 263 260 1,301 1,378 1,350 1,276 WV : 19 18 18 18 65 67 66 68 WI : 1,404 1,393 1,391 1,385 5,448 5,796 5,730 5,394 WY : 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.7 20.7 21.4 20.4 18.2 : US 3/ : 9,295 9,280 9,251 9,205 38,961 40,683 38,805 38,154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Quarterly average includes dry cows, excludes heifers not yet fresh. 2/ Excludes milk sucked by calves. 3/ Will not add due to rounding. Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1-29 Head : 30-49 Head : 50-99 Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AZ : 190 180 0 0 0 0 CA : 570 500 100 90 130 120 CO : 630 610 30 40 50 50 FL : 340 350 10 10 30 30 GA : 300 230 20 20 140 130 ID : 430 350 150 130 280 250 IL : 430 330 420 430 880 780 IN : 2,100 1,700 500 500 700 700 IA : 1,300 1,010 1,300 1,200 1,650 1,500 KY : 1,500 1,300 730 650 990 900 MD : 190 160 130 130 480 440 MI : 1,100 1,000 900 850 1,300 1,200 MN : 2,100 1,700 4,100 3,600 3,800 3,600 MO : 1,800 1,500 700 680 900 800 NM : 550 340 0 0 10 10 NY : 1,800 1,700 2,000 2,000 3,700 3,300 NC : 570 520 60 60 210 200 OH : 3,800 3,200 800 800 1,400 1,400 OR : 530 370 50 20 150 140 PA : 2,600 2,300 3,800 3,800 3,900 3,800 TN : 300 260 290 240 540 520 TX : 1,200 800 100 100 400 300 UT : 300 320 70 70 190 170 VT : 150 150 450 400 1,000 950 VA : 550 500 130 110 520 500 WA : 750 540 70 70 180 120 WI : 5,000 4,600 9,500 8,500 9,600 8,900 : Oth Sts : 8,700 6,900 2,000 1,800 3,800 4,000 : US : 39,780 33,420 28,410 26,300 36,930 34,810 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. --continued Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97 1/ (continued) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operations Having :----------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 100-199 Head : 200+ Head :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AZ : 10 10 100 100 CA : 300 290 1,800 1,800 CO : 70 70 120 130 FL : 40 40 180 170 GA : 200 190 140 130 ID : 250 250 290 320 IL : 330 320 40 40 IN : 250 250 50 50 IA : 480 520 70 70 KY : 330 300 50 50 MD : 240 220 60 50 MI : 880 830 220 220 MN : 830 850 170 250 MO : 540 560 60 60 NM : 10 10 130 140 NY : 1,300 1,200 400 400 NC : 260 230 100 90 OH : 400 500 100 100 OR : 210 210 160 160 PA : 1,000 1,100 200 200 TN : 300 300 70 80 TX : 700 600 600 700 UT : 210 210 130 130 VT : 350 350 150 150 VA : 400 390 100 100 WA : 320 300 380 370 WI : 2,530 2,550 370 450 : Oth Sts : 2,000 2,250 700 740 : US : 14,740 14,900 6,940 7,250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ An operation is any place having one or more head of milk cows on hand at any time during the year. Milk Cows: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Inventory on Operations Having :--------------------------------------------------------------------- State : 1-29 Head : 30-49 Head : 50-99 Head :100-199 Head : 200+ Head :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AZ : 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 99.0 99.0 CA : 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 3.8 3.8 95.0 95.0 CO : 2.4 1.5 1.5 2.0 5.1 5.0 13.0 14.5 78.0 77.0 FL : 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 95.0 95.0 GA : 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 11.0 10.0 30.0 29.0 57.0 59.0 ID : 1.0 0.7 2.3 1.9 7.2 5.9 13.5 12.5 76.0 79.0 IL : 3.0 2.0 11.0 11.0 49.0 47.0 28.0 30.0 9.0 10.0 IN : 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 36.0 35.0 24.0 22.0 12.0 13.0 IA : 8.0 6.5 19.0 19.0 43.0 40.0 23.0 26.0 7.0 8.5 KY : 8.5 7.0 17.0 16.0 42.0 41.0 25.0 27.0 7.5 9.0 MD : 2.7 2.7 5.3 5.3 36.0 37.0 35.0 35.0 21.0 20.0 MI : 5.0 4.0 11.0 10.0 28.0 27.0 35.0 35.0 21.0 24.0 MN : 7.0 6.0 26.0 23.0 41.0 41.0 17.0 17.0 9.0 13.0 MO : 9.0 8.0 15.0 15.0 33.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 9.0 9.0 NM : 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 98.0 98.0 NY : 2.7 2.6 11.3 11.4 37.0 35.0 28.0 28.0 21.0 23.0 NC : 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 17.0 16.0 41.0 41.0 38.0 39.0 OH : 13.0 12.0 13.0 13.0 40.0 41.0 22.0 23.0 12.0 11.0 OR : 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 13.0 12.0 31.0 30.0 52.0 55.0 PA : 6.0 5.0 23.0 22.0 41.0 41.0 20.0 22.0 10.0 10.0 TN : 3.5 2.5 9.5 7.5 33.0 33.0 37.0 36.0 17.0 21.0 TX : 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 7.8 7.0 24.0 23.0 66.0 68.0 UT : 1.3 1.3 2.7 2.7 16.0 14.0 31.0 31.0 49.0 51.0 VT : 1.0 1.0 11.0 9.0 39.0 39.0 24.0 25.0 25.0 26.0 VA : 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 30.0 29.0 40.0 40.0 23.0 24.0 WA : 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 5.0 3.3 20.0 19.0 73.0 76.0 WI : 5.1 4.5 26.0 25.0 41.0 40.0 21.0 22.0 6.9 8.5 : Oth Sts : 4.0 3.5 9.0 8.5 31.0 31.0 23.0 23.0 33.0 34.0 : US : 4.0 3.5 12.0 11.5 27.0 26.0 20.0 20.0 37.0 39.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Percents reflect average distributions of various probability surveys conducted during the year but are based primarily on beginning-of-year and mid-year surveys. Milk Production: Percent of Production by Size Groups, Selected States and United States, 1996-97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1-29 Head : 30-49 Head : 50-99 Head :100-199 Head : 200+ Head State :--------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent : AZ : 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 99.0 99.0 CA : 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.3 3.3 96.0 96.0 CO : 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.8 4.1 4.2 12.0 13.0 81.0 80.0 FL : 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.2 2.6 2.6 96.0 96.0 GA : 0.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 10.0 8.0 30.0 28.0 59.0 62.0 ID : 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.5 6.0 5.0 12.5 11.0 79.0 82.0 IL : 3.0 2.0 10.0 10.0 49.0 46.0 29.0 31.0 9.0 11.0 IN : 11.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 38.0 36.0 24.0 22.0 13.0 15.0 IA : 7.0 6.0 18.0 18.0 43.0 40.0 24.0 26.0 8.0 10.0 KY : 6.0 5.0 16.0 14.0 43.0 41.0 27.0 30.0 8.0 10.0 MD : 2.2 2.2 4.8 4.8 35.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 21.0 22.0 MI : 4.0 3.0 9.0 9.0 27.0 25.0 37.0 35.0 23.0 28.0 MN : 5.0 4.0 25.0 21.0 42.0 41.0 18.0 19.0 10.0 15.0 MO : 7.0 6.0 15.0 15.0 34.0 30.0 34.0 39.0 10.0 10.0 NM : 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 99.0 99.0 NY : 2.0 2.0 10.0 10.0 35.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 23.0 26.0 NC : 0.3 0.3 1.7 1.7 16.0 15.0 42.0 41.0 40.0 42.0 OH : 10.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 41.0 41.0 24.0 24.0 14.0 14.0 OR : 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 13.0 11.0 29.0 27.0 56.0 60.0 PA : 4.0 4.0 21.0 20.0 40.0 42.0 23.0 23.0 12.0 11.0 TN : 2.5 1.5 7.5 5.5 33.0 32.0 38.0 39.0 19.0 22.0 TX : 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.8 6.9 6.0 20.0 19.0 72.0 74.0 UT : 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 14.0 11.0 31.0 31.0 52.0 55.0 VT : 1.0 1.0 10.0 7.0 36.0 37.0 25.0 27.0 28.0 28.0 VA : 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 24.0 24.0 WA : 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 4.6 2.8 19.0 18.0 75.0 78.0 WI : 3.9 3.5 24.0 22.5 42.0 40.0 21.8 24.0 8.3 10.0 : Oth Sts : 2.8 2.5 7.0 6.5 29.0 29.0 26.2 26.0 35.0 36.0 : US : 2.7 2.4 10.2 9.5 24.8 23.4 20.0 20.0 42.3 44.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Milk Cows: Number of Operations by State and United States, 1996-97 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Operations with Milk Cows State :------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1996 : 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Number : AL : 300 280 AK : 30 30 AZ : 300 290 AR : 1,500 1,350 CA : 2,900 2,800 CO : 900 900 CT : 350 300 DE : 120 110 FL : 600 600 GA : 800 700 HI : 60 60 ID : 1,400 1,300 IL : 2,100 1,900 IN : 3,600 3,200 IA : 4,800 4,300 KS : 1,200 1,100 KY : 3,600 3,200 LA : 900 800 ME : 950 900 MD : 1,100 1,000 MA : 500 450 MI : 4,400 4,100 MN : 11,000 10,000 MS : 600 550 MO : 4,000 3,600 MT : 800 750 NE : 1,800 1,700 NV : 200 150 NH : 300 300 NJ : 350 320 NM : 700 500 NY : 9,200 8,600 NC : 1,200 1,100 ND : 1,300 1,200 OH : 6,500 6,000 OK : 2,300 2,200 OR : 1,100 900 PA : 11,500 11,200 RI : 40 40 SC : 200 200 SD : 2,000 1,700 TN : 1,500 1,400 TX : 3,000 2,500 UT : 900 900 VT : 2,100 2,000 VA : 1,700 1,600 WA : 1,700 1,400 WV : 1,000 800 WI : 27,000 25,000 WY : 400 400 : US : 126,800 116,680 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ An operation is any place having one or more milk cows on hand during the year. Reliability Statement Survey Procedures: Primary data used to determine these estimates were obtained from a sample of producers. Individual States maintain a list of all known milk producers and information on the size of their herd. States use all known sources of producers to ensure that their lists are as complete as possible. Generally, all large producers and a sample of small producers are included in the survey. Questionnaires are mailed to producers near the end of the month to obtain data for the first day of the month. Additional reports are obtained by telephone, as needed, to supplement the mail response. Estimation Procedures: State offices prepare these estimates using survey indications, historic trends, and any available administrative data. Individual State estimates are reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board for reasonableness. Revision Policy: Milk production, rate per cow, and number of cows are subject to revision the following month for monthly States or the following quarter for the quarterly States. Normally, Federal Market Order sales are the main basis for revisions. However, data for all orders are not available in time for this revision. Estimates are again subject to revisions in February each year based on additional administrative data. In the event that additional changes are necessary, a third revision is possible in February the following year. Estimates are again reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions are made after that date. Reliability: Since all operations with dairy animals are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness. To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items on the next page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for milk cow inventory estimates over the past 10 quarters is 1.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final October-December estimate will not be above or below the current estimate of 9.20 million head by more than 1.3 percent, or about 120,000 head. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 2.4 percent, or about 221,000 head (the 90 percent confidence level). Reliability of October-December Milk Estimates 1/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : 90% : Difference Between : : : Confidence : First and Final : Number of : Root : Level : Estimates 1/ : Quarters Item : Mean :--------------------------------------------------------- : Square : : : : : : First : First : Error :Percent:Estimate:Average:Smallest:Largest: Above : Below : : : : : : : Final : Final -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Percent ------- Million Pounds ------ Number : Milk : Production : 0.6 1.1 420 191 22 385 9 1 : Percent --------- 1,000 Head -------- Number : All Milk : Cows : 1.3 2.4 221 119 42 195 9 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on records for the past 10 October-December quarters. Index Page Milk Cows and Production: by Quarter, United States, 1997-98 . . .2 Milk Cows and Production: by Month, 20 Selected States, 1997-98. .2 Milk Cows and Production: by State, January 1997-98. . . . . . . .3 Milk Cows and Production: by State, December 1996-97 . . . . . . .4 Milk Cows and Production: United States, 1988-97 . . . . . . . . .5 Estimated Milk Production: United States, 1997-98. . . . . . . . .2 Milk Cows and Production: by State, and United States, 1996-97 . .6 Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996 . . . . . .8 Milk Cows: Number by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997 . . . . . .9 Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996. . . 10 Milk: Produced per Cow by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997. . . 11 Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1996. . . 12 Milk Production: Total by Month, State, and 20 States, 1997. . . 13 Milk Cows and Production: Number and Total Produced by Quarter, State, and United States, 1996. . . . . . . . . 14 Milk Cows and Production: Number and Total Produced by Quarter, State, and United States, 1997. . . . . . . . . 15 Milk Cows: Number of Operations by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Milk Cows: Percent of Inventory by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Milk Cows: Number of Operations with Milk Cows, by State, and United States 1996-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Milk Production: Percent of Production by Size Group, Selected States, and United States, 1996-97 . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Reliability Statement: Survey and Estimation Procedures, Revision Policy, and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The next "Milk Production" report will be released at 3 p.m. ET on March 16, 1998. 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